1 . The public must be able to understand the basics of science to make informed decisions. Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research. The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of science (or the lack of it) can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation, science policy and research funding.

However, the importance of effective communication with a general audience is not limited to hot issues like climate change. It is also critical for issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior or the use of animal models because in these areas, the public understanding of science can also influence policy and funding decisions. Furthermore, with continuing scientific advances, more non-scientists will need to be able to analyze complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of life.

Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public. Much has been written about how the relationship between scientists and the media can shape the efficient communication of scientific advances to the public. Good science journalists are specialists in making complex topics accessible to a general audience, while sticking to scientific accuracy. Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material. As a result, the basic information conveyed is difficult to understand or obviously wrong.

Even though scientists play a part in conveying information to journalists and ultimately the public, too often the blame for ineffective communication is placed on the side of the journalists. I believe that, at least in part, the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media. It exists because we underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences, and most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.

1. What does the example of climate change mainly serve to show?

A．Adequate government funding is vital to scientific research.

B．Government regulation helps the public understand science.

C．The public’s scientific knowledge can influence policy making.

D．There is widespread public mistrust and misunderstanding of scientific work.

2. Why is it important for scientists to build a good relationship with the media?

A．It helps scientists to build a better public image.

B．It helps them to effectively popularize scientific information.

C．It enables scientists to better apply their findings to public health.

D．It enables the public to develop a positive attitude toward science.

3. What is the problem with some pieces of science journalism?

A．They give inaccurate or complicated information.

B．They oversimplify people’s health problems.

C．They fail to mention the scientific advances.

D．They lack detailed information about scientific research.

4. According to the writer, what should scientists do to communicate to the public more effectively?

A．Interact more with the media.

B．Give training to science journalists.

C．Improve their communication skills.

D．Arouse the public’s interest in science.

2 . Why does social media trigger feelings of loneliness and inadequacy? Because instead of being real life, it is, for the most part, impression management, a way of marketing yourself, carefully choosing and filtering the picture and words to put your best face forward.

Online “friends” made through social media do not follow the normal psychological progression of a interpersonal relationship. You share neither physical time nor emotional conversations over the Internet. You simply communicate photographs and catchy posts to a diverse group of people whom you have “friended” or “followed” based on an accidental interaction. This is not to say that your social media friends can't be real friends. They absolutely can, but the two are not the same. Generally speaking, there are no unfiltered comments and casually taken photos on our social media pages. And, rightfully so, because it wouldn't feel safe to be completely authentic and vulnerable with some of our “friends” whom we don't actually know or with whom trust has yet to be built.

Social media can certainly be an escape from the daily routines, but we must be cautioned against the negative effects, such as addiction, on a person's overall psychological well-being.

As humans，we are eager for social connection. Scrolling (滚动) through pages of pictures and comments, however, does not provide the same degree of fulfillment as face to face interactions do. Also, we tend to idealize others' lives and compare our downfalls to their greatest accomplishments, ending in feelings of loneliness and inadequacy.

Social media can lead people on the unhealthy quest for perfection. Some people begin to attend certain events or travel to different places so that they can snap that “perfect” photo. They begin to seek validation through the number of people who “like” their posts. In order for it to play a psychologically healthy role in your social life, social media should supplement an already healthy social network. Pictures and posts should be byproducts of life's treasured moments and fun times, not the planned and calculated image that one is putting out into cyberspace in an attempt to fill insecurities or unmet needs.

Ultimately, social media has increased our ability to connect with various types of people all over the globe. It has opened doors for business and allowed us to stay connected to people whom we may not otherwise get to follow. However, social media should feel like a fun experience, not one that contributes to negative thoughts and feelings. If the latter is the case, increasing face to face time with trusted friends, and minimizing time scrolling online, will prove to be a reminder that your social network is much more rewarding than any “like”, “follow” or “share” can be.

1. What does the author imply social media may do to our life?

A．It may facilitate our interpersonal relationships.

B．It may filter our negative impressions of others.

C．It may make us feel isolated and incompetent.

D．It may render us vulnerable and inauthentic.

2. Why do people post comments selectively on social media?

A．They do not find all their online friends trustworthy.

B．They do not want to lose their followers.

C．They want to avoid offending any of their audience.

D．They are eager to boost their popularity.

3. What are humans inclined to do according to the passage?

A．Exaggerate their life's accomplishments.

B．Strive for perfection regardless of the cost.

C．Paint a rosy picture of other people's lives.

D．Learn lessons from other people's downfalls.

4. What does the author advise people to do when they find their online experience unconstructive?

A．Use social media to increase their ability to connect with various types of people.

B．Stay connected to those whom they may not otherwise get to know and befriend.

C．Try to prevent negative thoughts and feelings from getting into the online pages.

D．Strengthen ties with real-life friends instead of caring about their online image.

3 . To make artificial intelligence that can reason and apply knowledge flexibly, many researchers are focused on fresh ideas from neuroscience (神经科学). Should they be looking to psychology too? Researchers are working to develop new AI systems that can figure out simple abstract relations between objects and the reason behind them as effortlessly as a human brain.

Artificial intelligence has come a long way. In recent years, smart machines inspired by the human brain have shown superhuman abilities in games like chess and Go, proved remarkably expert at imitating some of our language skills. But with various other aspects of what we might reasonably call human intelligence — reasoning, understanding causality (因果关系), applying knowledge flexibly, to name a few — AIs still struggle. They are also inefficient learners, requiring large amounts of data where humans need only a few examples.

Some researchers think all we need to bridge the gap is ever larger AIs, while others want to turn back to nature’s blueprint. One path is to double down on efforts to copy the brain, better replicating (复制) the intricacies of real brain cells and the ways their activity is arranged. But the brain is the most complex object in the known universe and it is far from clear how much of its complexity we need to replicate to reproduce its capabilities.

That’s why some believe more abstract ideas about how intelligence works can provide shortcuts. Their claim is that to really accelerate the progress of AI towards something that we can say thinks like a human, we need to imitate not the brain — but the mind. “In some sense, they’re just different ways of looking at the same thing, but sometimes it’s profitable to do that,” says Gary Marcus at New York University and start-up Robust AI. “You don’t want a replica, what you want is to learn the principles that allow the brain to be as effective as it is.”

1. What do we know about the current AI?

A．They are good at reasoning.	B．They have amazing learning ability.
C．They can't understand complex information.	D．They lack some elements of real intelligence.

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A．People fail to understand the complexity of the brain.

B．Scientists need to focus on the structure of the brain.

C．The attempt to copy the brain might be unrealistic.

D．Scientists are doubtful about the future of AI.

3. What does Gary Marcus suggest researchers do to advance AI?

A．Make AI more creative.	B．Teach more principles to AI.
C．Study how intelligence works.	D．Update their knowledge constantly.

4. What is a suitable title for the text?

A．Are the Smart Machines Intelligent Enough?

B．Make Machine Minds That Really Think Like Us

C．What to Expect with the Future of AI Technology?

D．The Future of AI? Psychology May Provide Fresh Ideas

4 . Do extroverts (外向者) make better leaders?

There is a general impression that you're better off in the workplace and in life — if you're an extrovert. Understandably, this idea is most likely to be spread by extroverts themselves, who are "_______ and proud".

In what could be _______ news for introverts, a new study has found that extroverts do have the _______ that increases their chances of success. They _______ a distinct advantage in four aspects: emotional; interpersonal; motivational and performance related. Michael Wilmot, the scholar who led the study, _______ that extroversion is closely associated with experiencing positive emotions more regularly. As happy employees are usually more satisfied, they _______ to work harder and are thought to be a better leader as a result. The way the extroverts behave also helps to protect them from stress or negative experiences at work. _______, extroverts enjoy the _______ of others, so they seem to adapt better to different social situations, which is a strong leadership skill.

_______ the research suggests that extroverts have plenty to be positive about, Wilmot says introverts should not be ________. They are not at an unavoidable disadvantage. Why is that? First, few people can be defined ________ as an introvert or extrovert since everyone displays a mixture of behaviors. Secondly, numerous other characteristics ________ workplace success, including cognitive ability, and the ability to ________ negative emotions. There are many jobs, such as computer programming, where having introverted characteristics such as ________ skills or the ability to focus, would be more beneficial than extroverted characteristics such as sociability. If you ________ his view, remember that some of the world's most successful people are introverts. Among them are legendary investor Warren Buffett and Oscar-winning actress Meryl Streep. They all prove the point that you don't have to be extroverts to succeed in life.

1.

A．loud

B．slow

C．quiet

D．serious

2.

A．wonderful

B．terrible

C．foreign

D．fake

3.

A．fortune

B．right

C．courage

D．edge

4.

A．discover

B．create

C．enjoy

D．provide

5.

A．pretends

B．questions

C．argues

D．promises

6.

A．fail

B．hesitate

C．plan

D．tend

7.

A．However

B．Besides

C．Therefore

D．Instead

8.

A．absence

B．respect

C．company

D．loyalty

9.

A．While

B．Once

C．If

D．As

10.

A．distracted

B．delighted

C．discouraged

D．determined

11.

A．hardly

B．purely

C．nearly

D．partly

12.

A．stick to

B．object to

C．refer to

D．contribute to

13.

A．understand

B．govern

C．change

D．deny

14.

A．listening

B．debating

C．acting

D．teaching

15.

A．analyze

B．accept

C．support

D．doubt

5 . Female birds sing, too, but scientists tend to tune in to male birdsong and ignore female songs. It highlights a long-standing bias (偏见) and helps us think about why that bias persists (持续).

Since the beginning of modern birdsong research, the field has focused on male songbirds. Any serious birder could tell you that females do sing, sometimes as frequently as males. However, early birdsong researchers tended to be men. Men are significantly less likely than women to lead research projects studying female songs. Thus, we are missing key behaviors as a result of historical biases caused by a lack of diverse participation in science.

So how do we make science welcoming and accessible for all? We need to communicate better with nonscientists. Engaging the public in science is essential for basic science findings that influence how we perceive the world around us.

For example, understanding that female birds do sing matters not only to scientists but also to the billions of people who hear the sounds of wild birds every day. In many species, males and females look similar from a distance, but can be distinguished by ear. Paying close attention to which sounds each sex makes and thinking about why they might be producing them opens up a richer window into the environment around us. It turns out female birds use songs for all the same reasons male birds do: to signal individual identity, defend valuable territories and attract potential mates.

Public awareness of female birdsong has the potential to change the science itself. Apps like eBird collect millions of public observations and audio recordings of birds every year. Increasing public engagement and involvement with research promises to benefit the scientific community and society more broadly. In many cases, scientists and experts already have strongly held biases about the way the world works, and these biases allow mistaken conclusions to persist. Public observers often make better observers of the world around them because they lack preconceived ideas.

Female birds sing! We welcome a future where research and communication combine to improve our understanding of the world around us and deepen our connections to each other and the natural world.

1. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A．Who is to blame for the long-standing bias.

B．Why female birdsong is long ignored by scientists.

C．What contributes to diverse participation in science.

D．How men have conducted modern birdsong research.

2. Why is it important for us to be aware of female birdsong?

A．It will enable us to become real scientists.

B．It will help us distinguish bird species by ear.

C．It will expand our understanding of the world.

D．It will make advanced science accessible for all.

3. What does the underlined word "preconceived" mean in Paragraph 5?

A．Biased.	B．Creative.
C．Mistaken.	D．Varied.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Why we Didn't Know That Female Birds Sing?

B．Advancing Science: How Bias Leads Us Forward

C．New Research Has Found Female Birds Sing Too!

D．A Case Study of Gender Bias in Science Reporting

6 . Gone are the days when a mother’s place was in the home: in Britain women with children are now as likely to be in paid work as their unburdened sisters. Many put their little darlings in day care long before they start school. Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.

For years after the government first began in 2001 to twist the arms of anyone who looked after an unrelated child to register with the schools, the numbers so doing fell. Kind but clueless neighbours stopped looking after little ones, who were instead herded into formal nurseries or handed over to one of the ever-fewer registered child-minders. The decline in the number of people taking in children now appears to have halted. According to data released by the Office for Standards in Education on October 27th, the number of registered child-minders reached its lowest point in September 2010 and has since recovered slightly.

The new lot are certainly better qualified. In 2010 fully 82% of nursery workers held diplomas notionally equivalent to A-levels, the university-entrance exams taken mostly by 18-year-olds, up from 56% seven years earlier, says Anand Shukla of the Daycare Trust, a charity. Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.

But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. A survey by the Daycare Trust finds that a full-time nursery place in England for a child aged under two, who must be intensively supervised, costs £194 ($310) per week, on average. Prices in London and the south-east are far higher. Parents in Britain spend more on child care than anywhere else in the world, according to the OECD, a think-tank. Some 68% of a typical second earner's net income is spent on freeing her to work, compared with an OECD average of 52%.

The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. The government pays for free part-time nursery places for three-and four-year-olds, and contributes towards day-care costs for younger children from poor areas. Alas, extending such an aid during stressful economic times would appear to be anything but child’s play.

1. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?

A．Nursery education plays a leading role in one’s personal growth.

B．Pregnant women have to work to lighten families’ economic burden.

C．Children in nursery have to take uniform nation courses.

D．The supervision of the state makes child care professional.

2. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 and 3 that ___________.

A．the registered child-minders are required to take the university-entrance exams

B．the number of registered child-minders has been declining since 2001

C．anyone who looks after children at home must register with the schools

D．the growing recognition encourages more graduates to work as child-minders

3. The high price of child care __________.

A．prevents mothers from getting employed

B．may further depress the national economy

C．makes many families live on benefits

D．is far more than parents can afford

4. What is the author’s attitude towards the professionalization of child care?

A．Objective.

B．Skeptical.

C．Supportive.

D．Biased.

5. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?

A．The professionalization of child care has pushed up its price.

B．The high cost of child nursing makes many mothers give up their jobs.

C．The employment of more graduates makes nurseries more popular.

D．Parents in Britain pay most for child nursing throughout the world.

7 . Sleep with your pet? “In general, it is a very good thing for animals to sleep with their owners.” said Dr. Dan a marble, the chief officer of North American Veterinary Community. Pets who share their owners' bed tend to have a higher trust level and a tighter bond with the humans in their lives. It's a big display of trust on their part. “Dogs and cats who are more closely bonded with their humans get additional health benefits, including increase in beneficial feel-good hormones.” she added.

Let's turn to you. “Animals may move or bark and sleep in dogs (and cats) is not continuous and they may get up and walk on the bed, stepping on people. All of these activities will fragment your sleep.” said Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. These “microawakenings,” which can happen without your awareness, are destructive because they pull you out of deep sleep and they have been associated with the release of the stress hormone, cortisol, which can make sleep even worse.

However, recent studies have shown that pets in the bedroom could be beneficial for some of us. “People with depression or anxiety may benefit from that because the pet is a big pillow, a big blanket which decrease their anxiety.” said sleep specialist Dr. Ram Dasgupta, an assistant professor from University of Southern California. Data showed over half of pet owners allowed their pet to sleep in the bedroom—and the majority found their pet “not interruptive or even beneficial to sleep.”

Despite the new science, we still need to think twice about bringing our dogs, cats or indoor pigs into our beds. If you are one of the millions of people who suffer from asthma, allergies or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleeping with a fur ball could become a nightmare. And there are some pets that you should never invite to bed and a lot of them have very specific health and safety requirements.

1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?

A．Human's trust in pets.

B．Impacts of keeping pets.

C．pets' close relationship with humans.

D．Benefits for pets sleeping with humans.

2. What does the underlined word “fragment” mean in paragraph 2?

A．Sweep away.	B．Make up for.
C．Break into pieces.	D．Contribute to.

3. How can sleeping with pets help according to Dr. Ram Dasgupta?

A．Relieve pressure.	B．Boost creativity.
C．Feel confident.	D．Avoid anxiety.

4. What ' the author's advice on sleeping with pets?

A．Better safe than sorry.	B．Love me, love my dog.
C．Pets cure more than doctors.	D．Nothing ventured, nothing gained.

8 . Hugely ambitious in scope, The Lord of the Rings occupies an uncomfortable position in 20th century literature. This book of J.R.R.Tolkien’s poses a challenge to modern literature and its defenders. (Tolkien on his _______: “Some who have read the book, or at any rate have reviewed it, have found it boring, ridiculous, or annoying; and I have no cause to complain, since I have similar opinions of their works, or of the kinds of writing that they evidently _________.”) Yet The Lord of the Rings has enjoyed massive and enduring popularity. It would seem that Tolkien’s work supplied something that was _________ among the formal innovations of 20th century fiction, something for which readers were hungry. But what was it, and why was it important?

It seems that the key point lies in Tolkien’s wholehearted rejection of modernity and modernism. This is what so powerfully _________ some readers, and just as powerfully drives away others. In his book J.R.R.Tolkien: Author of the Century, T.A. Shippey expands on this idea by arguing that Tolkien saw his story of Middle-earth not as fiction or invention, but as the _________ of something genuine that had become buried beneath the fairy tale and nursery rhythm.

“However fanciful Tolkien’s creation of Middle earth was,” Shippey writes, “he did not think that he was entirely _________. He was ‘reconstructing’, he was harmonizing conflicts in his source-texts, sometimes he was supplying entirely new concepts, but he was also reaching back to an imaginative world which he believed had once really _________, at least in a collective imagination.”

The book is also deeply grounded in Tolkien’s linguistic expertise （语言专长） —he _________ whole languages for his characters. Sometimes he became so absorbed in the creation of languages, in fact, that he _________ the story itself for months or years at a time, believing he could not continue until some inconsistency（不一致）in his invented world had been resolved. But Tolkien’s great intellect and knowledge is not the source of his ____________; without his storytelling gift, The Lord of the Rings would be little more than a curiosity. And this gift seems to originate straight from his ____________ to break from classical and traditional forms.

Tolkien himself often spoke of his work as something ‘found’ or ‘discovered’, something whose existence was ____________ of him. It’s wise to be careful with this sort of interpretation, but it seems ____________ that he believed his work to be something given, something revealed, which contained a kind of truth beyond measure. ____________, his details have the weight of reality, and because of this his great sweep of story feels real as well; you might say that his ____________ castles are built with a certain amount of genuine stone.

1.

A．books

B．critics

C．readers

D．ambitions

2.

A．dislike

B．challenge

C．review

D．prefer

3.

A．common

B．possible

C．missing

D．funny

4.

A．annoys

B．influences

C．attracts

D．concerns

5.

A．recovery

B．designing

C．analysis

D．questioning

6.

A．taking it down

B．making it up

C．turning it down

D．looking it up

7.

A．remained

B．struck

C．moved

D．existed

8.

A．spoke

B．invented

C．neglected

D．recalled

9.

A．put aside

B．set up

C．look into

D．get along

10.

A．style

B．tension

C．success

D．tradition

11.

A．decision

B．request

C．struggle

D．refusal

12.

A．representative

B．independent

C．conscious

D．thoughtful

13.

A．clear

B．weird

C．unfair

D．pitiful

14.

A．As a result

B．On the contrary

C．Even so

D．What’s worse

15.

A．ancient

B．broken

C．imaginary

D．foreign

9 . It’s lunchtime, and I’m eager to try a new establishment that opened near our office in midtown Manhattan. I walk to the shiny new storefront, place my order and make my way to the counter to pay. As I dig into my wallet and start to pull out some cash, the person behind the counter interrupts me. “No cash, please!” says the cashier.

These days, establishments that no longer accept cash have increased greatly. It’s long been said that “cash is king”, but the tendency could be turning in the US. While cash continues to be the most common payment method among consumers, its usage is declining. The use of cash in 2019 dropped by 3 percentage points to 30 percent of all transactions in just two years, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco’s 2020 Diary of Consumer Payment Choice. What’s more, because cash is most likely to be used in small transactions ($10 or less) , it accounted for only 9 percent of the total payment value in the same year. The use of cards, at the same time, has held steady, and mobile payments have begun to grow.

Nearly cashless societies are already a reality outside the US. In Sweden, cash accounts for only 2 percent of the value of all payments, and total cash in circulation accounts for just 1 percent of Swedish GDP. China, meanwhile, leads the way in mobile payments, recording more than $20 trillion in 2019.

But should a cashless future be accepted enthusiastically?

It’s true that not handling cash could allow for an increase in speed and efficiency. Cashless payments, however, have their downside. We might start to see a rise in cybercrimes, while a cashless society could decrease physical crimes. Critics argue that cashless establishments unfairly affect those who are less likely to have access to noncash payment methods—namely the unbanked/underbanked. According to the Pew Research Center, those in households earning less than $30,000 per year are more likely to use cash than those with higher incomes.

A cashless society, no doubt, has its advantages, but it can also bring a host of new challenges.

1. What’s the function of paragraph 1?

A．advises an establishment.	B．tells the author’s experience.
C．informs us a free establishment	D．Introduces the topic.

2. What can we learn about the use of cash in the US in 2019?

A．It saw a fall.

B．It only happened in small transactions.

C．It accounted for 3% of all its transactions.

D．It was less frequent than the use of mobile payments.

3. Why does the author mention Sweden and China?

A．To list the benefits of cashless payments.

B．To voice his doubt about cashless societies.

C．To show the global spread of cashless societies.

D．To show the influence of cashless payments on people’s life.

4. What’s the author’s attitude to cashless payments?

A．Supportive	B．objective
C．unclear	D．indifferent.

10 . Neuro-technology has long been a favourite of science-fiction writers. In “Neuromancer”, a wildly inventive book by William Gibson written in 1984, people can use neural(神经的) implants to get into the sensory experiences of others. Iain M. Banks came up with the idea of a neural lace, a mesh (网格) that grows into the brain, in his “Culture” series of novels. “The Terminal Man” by Michael Crichton, published in 1972, imagines the effects of a brain implant on someone who is convinced that machines are taking over from humans.

Where the sci-fi led, philosophers are now starting to follow. In Howard Chizeck’s lab at the University of Washington, researchers are working on an implanted device to administer deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in order to treat a common movement disorder called essential tremor. Traditionally, DBS stimulation is always on, wasting energy and robbing the patient of a sense of control. The lab’s ethicist (伦理学家), Tim Brown, a doctoral student of philosophy, says that some DBS patients suffer a sense of isolation and complain of feeling like a robot.

To change that, the team at the University of Washington is using neuronal activity associated with intentional movements to turn the device on. But the researchers also want to enable patients to use a conscious thought process to override these settings. That is more useful than it might sound: stimulation currents for essential tremor can cause side-effects like distorted (失真的) speech, so someone about to give a presentation, say, might wish to shake rather than make his words unclear. Giving humans more options of this sort will be essential if some of the more advanced visions for brain-computer interfaces are to be realized. Hannah Maslen from the University of Oxford is another ethicist who works on a BCI project. One of her jobs is to think through the distinctions between inner speech and public speech: people need a dependable mechanism for separating what they want to say from what they think.

That is only one of many ethical questions that the sci-fi versions of brain-computer interfaces bring up. What protection will BCIs offer against neural hacking? Who owns neural data, including information that is gathered for research purposes now but may be understandable in detail at some point in the future? Where does accountability lie if a user does something wrong? And if brain implants are performed not for treatment but to improve people’s abilities, will that make the world an even more unequal place?

1. What do the three books mentioned in paragraph 1 have in common?

A．They are all among what philosophers like best.

B．They all tell the stories well beyond imagination.

C．They are all works of the greatest sci-fi writers of the time.

D．They all deal with people’s losing control of their brains.

2. The research of the team at the University of Washington is intended to _____.

A．improve the accuracy of DBS	B．let patients decide when to turn on DBS
C．get rid of the side effects of DBS currents	D．separate what we think from what we say

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Neuronal activity fails to work without intentional movements.

B．Brain-computer interfaces do more harm than good.

C．People suffering from essential tremor will shake.

D．DBS settings cannot be changed once fixed.

4. What will the passage most probably talk about next?

A．How these questions will be handled.

B．Why these questions used to be ignored.

C．Which questions come from science fiction.

D．Who has first raised these questions.