1 . Do extroverts (外向者) make better leaders?
There is a general impression that you're better off in the workplace and in life — if you're an extrovert. Understandably, this idea is most likely to be spread by extroverts themselves, who are "
In what could be
| A．loud | B．slow | C．quiet | D．serious |
| A．wonderful | B．terrible | C．foreign | D．fake |
| A．fortune | B．right | C．courage | D．edge |
| A．discover | B．create | C．enjoy | D．provide |
| A．pretends | B．questions | C．argues | D．promises |
| A．fail | B．hesitate | C．plan | D．tend |
| A．However | B．Besides | C．Therefore | D．Instead |
| A．absence | B．respect | C．company | D．loyalty |
| A．While | B．Once | C．If | D．As |
| A．distracted | B．delighted | C．discouraged | D．determined |
| A．hardly | B．purely | C．nearly | D．partly |
| A．stick to | B．object to | C．refer to | D．contribute to |
| A．understand | B．govern | C．change | D．deny |
| A．listening | B．debating | C．acting | D．teaching |
| A．analyze | B．accept | C．support | D．doubt |
2 . Female birds sing, too, but scientists tend to tune in to male birdsong and ignore female songs. It highlights a long-standing bias (偏见) and helps us think about why that bias persists (持续).
Since the beginning of modern birdsong research, the field has focused on male songbirds. Any serious birder could tell you that females do sing, sometimes as frequently as males. However, early birdsong researchers tended to be men. Men are significantly less likely than women to lead research projects studying female songs. Thus, we are missing key behaviors as a result of historical biases caused by a lack of diverse participation in science.
So how do we make science welcoming and accessible for all? We need to communicate better with nonscientists. Engaging the public in science is essential for basic science findings that influence how we perceive the world around us.
For example, understanding that female birds do sing matters not only to scientists but also to the billions of people who hear the sounds of wild birds every day. In many species, males and females look similar from a distance, but can be distinguished by ear. Paying close attention to which sounds each sex makes and thinking about why they might be producing them opens up a richer window into the environment around us. It turns out female birds use songs for all the same reasons male birds do: to signal individual identity, defend valuable territories and attract potential mates.
Public awareness of female birdsong has the potential to change the science itself. Apps like eBird collect millions of public observations and audio recordings of birds every year. Increasing public engagement and involvement with research promises to benefit the scientific community and society more broadly. In many cases, scientists and experts already have strongly held biases about the way the world works, and these biases allow mistaken conclusions to persist. Public observers often make better observers of the world around them because they lack preconceived ideas.
Female birds sing! We welcome a future where research and communication combine to improve our understanding of the world around us and deepen our connections to each other and the natural world.
1. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?| A．Who is to blame for the long-standing bias. |
| B．Why female birdsong is long ignored by scientists. |
| C．What contributes to diverse participation in science. |
| D．How men have conducted modern birdsong research. |
| A．It will enable us to become real scientists. |
| B．It will help us distinguish bird species by ear. |
| C．It will expand our understanding of the world. |
| D．It will make advanced science accessible for all. |
| A．Biased. | B．Creative. |
| C．Mistaken. | D．Varied. |
| A．Why we Didn't Know That Female Birds Sing? |
| B．Advancing Science: How Bias Leads Us Forward |
| C．New Research Has Found Female Birds Sing Too! |
| D．A Case Study of Gender Bias in Science Reporting |
3 . After almost an entire year of not going shopping and vacationing, you find the numbers reflected by your bank account meet your heart's desire.
Now the most important question comes, what to do with the earnings? Should you fulfill dreams of the present, invest in preserving the future or perhaps keep saving it for a rainy day?
Our elders always try to teach us the value of money and its moral weakness. One may be on a winning streak（连续成功） now， but it will not always be so. One will have days when there will be no sunshine but only rain. and their luck will hide behind those thick grey clouds. Save for those rainy days,they say.Do not spend too much,live within a budget,refrain from credit no matter how small and save for the future.
Since the very first time we earn our own money from a summer job or earning our first salary, the lessons start. In fact, the pocket money that we receive when we are children begins the process of learning how to best manage one's money.
People often think like this-one day when I have enough money, I will travel the world. Then, once we do earn enough money, tomorrow's plans start shadowing our present ones. However, is it wise to keep living for that future? Will we still enjoy or even be able to backpack in -our 50s? How will we ever enjoy our present if we are constantly living for the future?
Good questions, aren't they? 1 say travel but don' t let yourself run dry, treat yourself to some luxuries but also keep enough for your necessities, and enjoy your present but with a plan for the foreseeable future.Life is for the living. so live it sensibly.
1. Why do elders teach us to save money?| A．Because there are more rainy days in life. |
| B．Because no one can win streak. |
| C．Because good days may end. |
| D．Because money can't buy everything. |
| A．select from | B．hold back | C．rely on | D．prefer to |
| A．We should enjoy ourselves at the right time. |
| B．We should wait to travel until we have enough money. |
| C．We should live for the future no matter what. |
| D．We should enjoy ourselves to the fullest when we have money. |
| A．Money is something but not everything. |
| B．One should save for rainy days. |
| C．Live in the moment before you live for the future. |
| D．Live the present wisely for your life. |
4 . A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was torn apart by self-criticism. “I can’t stop beating myself up,” she told me. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?”
Many students I teach, like this athlete, believe that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field should get them exactly where they need to go. When they fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are crushed by self-blame.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play among the most privileged in particular: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has entered classrooms around the world. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Suniya Luthar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy communities, “it is not a lack of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the drive for achievements is over the top.” This can lead to physical and emotional stress.
The cruel, messy reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we should all question a culture that has taught them that feeling anything less than overwhelmed means they’re lazy, and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are.
The point is not to give our kids a pass on working hard. But we would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching(出其不意地击打) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
1. Which sort of students does the star athlete belong to?| A．Those lacking courage to make self-criticism. |
| B．Those tired of working all night in the library. |
| C．Those believing hard work surely pay off. |
| D．Those overprotected by their parents in life. |
| A．It encourages teachers and parents to praise smart children. |
| B．It has been proved beneficial to students all over the world. |
| C．Applying it wrongly causes a problem for privileged teens. |
| D．Psychologists believe it is the source of academic achievement. |
| A．They don’t stick to their goals. |
| B．They are less motivated to achieve success. |
| C．They break down easily under mental stress. |
| D．They can’t tolerate imperfect things. |
| A．By telling them to give up some unrealistic goals. |
| B．By discouraging them from working hard. |
| C．By choosing where to go to college for them. |
| D．By pushing them to fight against the cruel reality. |
5 . For a word that suggests as little as possible, so many different things fall under the label of “minimalism” at the moment. A home decoration might be described as minimalist if there's nothing bung on its white walls. A dress is minimalist if it's simple and functional. Avoiding using your phone, checking your email or updating social media is “digital minimalism.” Everything on Instagram seems to be minimalist.
But in the obsession with the objects labeled minimalist, we have lost the basic ideas of minimalism. It might appear simple but it's also a philosophical challenge, not to find exactly the right stuff to buy but to rethink our relationship to the world around us, from the ground up. Rather than the single blank style that's now noticeable everywhere, minimalism is fundamentally about a diversity of visions.
Minimalism, to me, is more about attention than anything else. It advocates seeing the world not as a series of products to consume, but personal feelings or sensory experiences to have on your own terms. An ordinary lamp can be as beautiful as the Mona Lisa. Historically, minimalism tells us to focus on what doesn't at first seem pleasant or beautiful and turn it into art instead of creating a worldview based only on what we already like. So often minimalism is thought to be permanent, a fixed end state, instead of change. But minimalism is a process that has to be kept up and refreshed day to day.
Minimalism as a style will unavoidably end, as all trends do, and we'll turn against the empty walls and embrace bright colors and loud patterns and call them the next new thing. But minimalism's fundamenta1 ideas will remain as long as human civilization, because we never quite learn its lesson: What already exists immediately around us is more important than all of our anxieties about what's not there yet. The imperfection of reality is perfect.
1. What's the author's attitude towards the label of “minimalism” in paragraph 1?| A．Supportive. | B．Neutral. | C．Disapproving. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．Because it advocates consuming simple and functional products. |
| B．Because it focuses on buying stuff for a reasonable purpose. |
| C．Because it suggests more interaction with the surroundings. |
| D．Because it involves subjective personal understanding. |
| A．Minimalism is a fixed style. | B．Minimalism is a style of emptiness. |
| C．Minimalism is a changing process. | D．Minimalism will remain popular. |
| A．Less is more. | B．Make every day count. |
| C．Everything happens for a reason. | D．Life is simple. |
6 . The first time I questioned the conventional wisdom on the nature of a healthy diet, it was 40 years ago, and the subject was salt. Researchers claimed that salt supplementation (补充) was unnecessary after intense exercise, and this advice was passed on by health reporters. I recalled high school football practices in hot days. Without salt pills, I couldn’t make it through a two-hour practice.
Although sports nutritionists have recommended consuming more salt when we sweat hard in physical activity, the message that we should avoid salt at all other times remains strong. And salt is still considered fatal.
So why have we been told that salt is so deadly? The advice has always sounded reasonable: Eat more salt, and your body keeps water to maintain a stable concentration of sodium (钠) in your blood. This is why salty food tends to make us thirsty: We drink more; we keep water. The result can be a temporary increase in blood pressure. The scientific question is whether this temporary phenomenon leads to permanent problems: If we eat too much salt for years, does it raise our blood pressure, cause high blood pressure, then strokes, and then kill us? It makes sense, but it’s only a hypothesis (假设), which has never been proved but unfortunately upgraded to a fact.
In reality, eating less salt can worsen health. Decades ago, Italian researchers’ clinical trials reported that reducing salt consumption increased the risk of dying early and that reducing sodium to a government-recommended “safe upper limit” is actually harmful.
Supporters of the eat-less-salt campaign tend to deal with this confusing evidence by implying that anyone raising it is a shill (同谋) for the food industry (widely criticized for adding salt to processed foods to improve taste). When several government agencies held a hearing last November to discuss how to ensure Americans eat less salt, anti-salt supporters argued that the latest reports suggesting damage from lower-salt diets should simply be ignored. This attitude, which lacks respect for science, has been the norm for the anti-salt campaign for decades. Maybe now is the time for it to change.
1. What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．A man of high intelligence. | B．Knowledge learnt through work. |
| C．A belief that most people have. | D．Experience gained from sports. |
| A．Eating less salt can pose a threat to our health. |
| B．Eating less salt can prevent us from dying early. |
| C．We need to eat relatively more salt on a daily basis. |
| D．We should follow the government policy and reduce salt intake. |
| A．They publicly blame it on the food industry. |
| B．They suggest the food industry is behind it. |
| C．They report it to the government agencies. |
| D．They treat it with some respect. |
| A．Approving. | B．Indifferent. | C．Skeptical. | D．Neutral. |
7 . Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance. The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.
The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance.
In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money.
At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance.
The object is to show young people that a budget demands choices between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics.
Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life.
Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving it to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it.
1. What is special about children learning financial management by experience?| A．They learn more quickly. |
| B．They are not as likely to make mistakes. |
| C．Their mistakes won't matter so much. |
| D．They have plans made by their parents. |
| A．they will know how hard it is to learn budget |
| B．they will have an easy time learning the lesson |
| C．what they will learn is absolutely true |
| D．their parents will teach them a hard lesson |
| A．regularly twice every month |
| B．whenever he has run out of money |
| C．telling him to ask for permission before spending |
| D．without telling him what to spend on |
| A．borrow money from others | B．ask their parents for more money |
| C．get paid for their household routines | D．earn money by extra work |
8 . It is reported that critical thinking, creativity, and their practical application(应用)are widely accepted as the top three skills that young people need to have when they take jobs in their future. Critical thinking is about becoming a better thinker in every aspect of your life: in your career, and as a consumer, citizen, friend, parent and lover. Critical thinking helps you make wiser decisions. It helps you avoid wasting time, money and so on. Therefore, do look before you leap.
Whenever a good critical thinker needs to do something, he would usually firstly check why he needs to do it and whether he really needs to do it. Then, he tries to find out what it really is and the best way to do it.
And then he makes sure whether he is able to do it and how to do it well. Finally, he makes the decisions and takes actions. Take the “Double 11” (a popular online shopping day in China) as an example. A few days before it, he checks carefully what he needs and whether he really needs them, and makes a shopping list. He goes to the online shops to compare the quality and the prices of things that he is going to buy. He compares the shops that sell these things. Then he checks whether he can afford them and in which shops he is going to buy them.
Then what would happen if he didn’t think critically before he made the decisions? After the crazy “Double 11”, there were usually a lot of complaints on the Internet. There were regrets about buying more things than they needed. There were complaints about the poor quality and the prices of the things they bought. There were also complaints because they received wrong things or simply received nothing. There were all kinds of regrets and complaints. Why so? They had not thought critically before they made the decisions.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?| A．Critical thinking gets very helpful. |
| B．Critical thinking has a long history. |
| C．Critical thinking becomes more popular. |
| D．Critical thinking makes a great difference. |
| A．Making some careful comparison. |
| B．Collecting much more information. |
| C．Taking something into consideration. |
| D．Adapting to every surrounding easily. |
| A．List the bad results of not thinking critically |
| B．Show how to make good use of critical thinking |
| C．Show the different advantages of shopping online |
| D．Tell the great importance of making a shopping list |
| A．Saying something to show the feeling of being unsatisfied. |
| B．Preparing something to make sure of making wise decisions. |
| C．Offering the effective ways to avoid the feeling of regrets. |
| D．Giving detailed information to help make right judgments. |
9 . Have you ever volunteered for something? Why did you do it? How did you feel when you finished ?
Imagine what a(n)
What is the force
Through volunteering, we make more than just a living with our lives ---we make a
| A．Volunteers | B．Students | C．Doctors | D．Teachers |
| A．respected | B．paid | C．protected | D．founded |
| A．advice | B．proposals | C．chances | D．assistance |
| A．despite | B．if | C．whether | D．unless |
| A．homework | B．exercise | C．job | D．research |
| A．remembered | B．predicted | C．agreed | D．prepared |
| A．also | B．soon | C．occasionally | D．merely |
| A．before | B．yet | C．therefore | D．thus |
| A．organization | B．school | C．hospital | D．country |
| A．belong to | B．look out | C．depend on | D．get around |
| A．more exciting | B．more pleasing | C．less surprising | D．less satisfying |
| A．receiving | B．leaving | C．minding | D．imagining |
| A．behind | B．against | C．without | D．among |
| A．requires | B．shows | C．develops | D．arrests |
| A．challenges | B．allows | C．reminds | D．teaches |
| A．interestingly | B．importantly | C．reasonably | D．successfully |
| A．always | B．sometimes | C．finally | D．seldom |
| A．forbid | B．give | C．achieve | D．expect |
| A．value | B．appreciate | C．gain | D．recognize |
| A．choice | B．decision | C．difference | D．project |
