1 . Some people must carefully pay attention to everything they put in their mouths in order to control their weight. By contrast, others can eat French fries to their hearts' content and achieve the same result. How do some people manage never to gain weight?
"Perception, one of the most important factors, has nothing to do with the body type because our personal feeling is always wrong. We often feel that some people who eat more don't put on weight. Actually? those who appear to eat whatever they like without gaining weight aren't eating more than the rest of us," said professor Kathleen Melanson. "For example, your friend who eats ice cream on a daily basis might eat less at another meal- or snack less throughout the rest of the day.”
“Physical activity can also make a difference, but it doesn't have to be a gym workout. There's little evidence to suggest that—without exercise-some people were born to burn significantly more calories than others," said Dr Ines Barroso, a researcher at the University of Cambridge. But there may be physical differences that allow some people to naturally control the number of calories they consume without exercising much self-regulation.
A lot of nervous system signals and hormones （激素）that circulate in our blood interact to tell us when we're hungry or full. This is called the appetite regulatory system, and it may be more sensitive in some people than others, Melanson said. One important hormone involved in this system is leptin （瘦素）.It helps regulate how much food we want to eat over longer periods of time, not just for our next meal. So a person with a more sensitive system might go back for seconds and thirds at a party, then feel full for the next few days and eat less.
Genetics can also play a role in a person's tendency to gain or lose weight. Researchers have identified over 250 different regions of DNA that are associated with obesity, according to a 2019 study published in PLOS Genetics.
1. What does the underlined word “Perception" in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Connection. | B．Sense. | C．Defense. | D．Reduction. |
| A．It makes people usually feel hungry. |
| B．It helps people have a better appetite. |
| C．It helps people regulate their food intake. |
| D．It makes people more sensitive to the flavour of food. |
| A．Weight problems can be avoided. |
| B．Losing weight is equally difficult for everyone. |
| C．Some people may be born to have weight problems. |
| D．Genes can be completely changed to avoid weight problems. |
| A．To share some ideas about how to lose weight. |
| B．To explain why some people never gain weight. |
| C．To advise people to control their daily diet strictly. |
| D．To call for people to pay attention to healthy eating. |
2 . Global fast-food giant McDonald's announced it would be phasing out (逐步淘汰) plastic straws in China. From June 30, nearly 1,000 stores in Beijing. Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen began to phase out plastic straws for both dine-in and take-out, expanding to all stores in China by the end of 2020. Diners would drink cold beverages directly through the new cup cover. The move is expected to reduce plastic waste by about 400 tons a year.
Zhang Jiayin, CEO of McDonald’s China, expressed that McDonald's is devoted to building a “beautiful China”. “We believe that taking advantage of McDonald's influence worldwide. reducing straws can be a huge step for sustainable development. In the past decade or so, we have continued to carry out the green packaging action.” Zhang said, “This movement is playing a positive role in the protection of the ecological environment.”
The move is in keeping with China’s national plan to phase out single-use plastics which came into effect in January of this year, in an effort to combat its growing trash problem.
Among other things, the government carries out a nationwide ban on plastic straws and disposable cutlery (一次性餐具) by the end of 2020, as well as a ban on plastic bags in major cities by the end of 2020, and nationwide by 2022.
Plastic has increasingly played a role in global solid waste, and has choked oceans and rivers as well as landfills. Both companies and volunteers in the past few years have taken it upon themselves to respond to this plastic problem in their own ways.
1. What happened to McDonald’s in 2020?| A．It started to gradually get rid of using plastic straws in China. |
| B．It banned using plastic package in all stores. |
| C．It became the first company to ban plastic straws in China. |
| D．It successfully dealt with China’s trash problem. |
| A．Protect. | B．Separate. | C．Arouse. | D．Fight. |
| A．It is a kind of poisonous material. | B．It has been solved completely so far. |
| C．It results in a growing waste problem | D．It should be banned in all fields. |
| A．McDonald’s green packaging action | B．Plastic a controversial material in daily use |
| C．How to control environmental pollution? | D．Devotion to building a beautiful China |
3 . Many people wake up in the morning and watch their mobile phones first and then they watch their mobile phones last before they go to bed. Our mobile phones are never far away from us. Data show that we watch them every 12 minutes on average. Since we are bound to be inseparable from mobile phones, we should obey the relative “cell phone manners”. The following five things are best avoided.
● Talk on the phone at mealtimes
An absolute no-no for most (81%) of us. Yet half of us have been with others who've done it. And more than a quarter of young adults admit to it.
Even looking at the screen at the dinner table is not acceptable — for some. More than four in five people aged 55and over think it's unacceptable to check messages, compared with around half (46%) of 18 to 34-year-olds.
● Listen to loud music on public transport
Three-quarters (76%) of us object to watching videos and playing video games loudly on public transport, as well as listening to music, but it doesn't stop us doing it.
● Be on the phone when you should be listening
You’re at the cashiers but on the phone mid-conversation. Do you hang up, say a polite “hello” and pack away your bread and goods — or chat on regardless?
It's a source of frustration for many a shop worker, receptionist and waiter. One hotels checkout worker was so annoyed when a customer refused to end her call that she refused to serve her.
● Walk while looking at your phone
They are always getting their head down, eyes fixed on the screen — and they're right in your path. Twitter user @tiredhorizon has a public warning for them. Put away your phones in public buildings, hospitals and near reversing lorries.
● Play with devices while watching TV with others
Four 10 (41%) adults think is unacceptable to use a phone while seated with he family on the sofa in front of TV.
For the older generation (those over 55) it's more of an issue — 62% object to it — than for younger adults — only one in five are against it.
1. Which one of the following is unacceptable according to the text?| A．Play with cellphones while watching TV alone. | B．Talk on the phone at mealtimes. |
| C．Listen to loud music at home. | D．Talk with others while working |
| A．It's unacceptable for some to stare at the phone screen at the dinner table. |
| B．Watching videos and playing games loudly on the subway will annoy many people around. |
| C．Strict bans on playing phones while walking on the road have been made. |
| D．The old are more against playing a phone in a family get-together than the young. |
| A．Art & Movie. | B．Travel. | C．Business. | D．Health & Life. |
4 . What is the secret of happiness? A new study finds that happiness comes from exercise. People who exercise actively bring themselves happiness equal to earning an extra $ 25,000 a year.
Instead of recording extra hours at work in hopes of getting a raise, maybe you should hit the gym instead, as it could make you just as happy as that extra money. An interesting new study, published in the Lancet, found that people who are physically active have a greater sense of well—being than those who are inactive-and that active individuals feel as good as inactive people who earn $ 25,000 more per year.
Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data gathered from more than 1.2milion Americans. They were asked, “How many times have you felt mentally unwell in the past30 days. for example, due to stress, depression, or emotional problems?” Participants were also asked about their exercise habits and were able to choose from 75 diverse physical activities, including doing housework and childcare, running, weightlifting, and cycling. The researchers found that people who exercise regularly feel bad for an average of 35 days per year, while inactive people feel bad for an additional 18 days.
All exercise types were associated with a lower mental health burden. Social physical activities （that is to say, team sports such as football, basketball, etc） had an even more positive effect, which can best help people relax mind.
It is possible for some to get too much exercise. From Business Insider's report on the study. “The mental health of those participants who exercised for longer than three hours a day suffered more than that of those who weren't particularly physically active.” The ideal amount seems to be three to five training sessions per week. lasting 30 to 60 minutes each.
But the conclusion should be that any amount helps, so don't stress about hitting that perfect balance: “All exercise types were associated with a lower mental health burden than not exercising.”
1. The question asked in Paragraph one is meant to ______.| A．introduce the researchers | B．tell the secret |
| C．draw a conclusion | D．lead to the topic |
| A．Running | B．Walking alone. | C．Playing football | D．Keeping fit in the gym. |
| A．people who exercise actively may feel bad for about 35 days per year. |
| B．The more exercise you take, the higher mental health burden you will get. |
| C．overdoing exercising will do harm to people's mental health. |
| D．doing exercise is better than not doing it. |
| A．Exercise can bring as much pleasure as an income rise. |
| B．The secret of happiness has nothing to do with wealth. |
| C．Choosing the right form of exercise is of vital importance. |
| D．The key to keep young is to exercise regularly. |
5 . Kleon Papadimitriou, a Greek student, had been stuck in Scotland, where he studies, with no way to return to Athens while flights were shut down. So he decided to take a bike.
He began researching what it would take to make the trip on two wheels. He once competed in a race in 2019 and was briefly trained for several weeks — but that was about all the biking experience he carried with him.
Initially, he thought the idea was more of a “dream”— an absolutely hard long journey. But soon he began purchasing the equipment he'd need. He purchased a bike, and told the news to his parents and friends.
Papadimiriou travelled anywhere between 35 and 75 miles per day, crossing initially through England and then onto the Netherlands. He biked along the Rhine in Germany for several days, passed through Austria and cycled down along the eastern coast of Italy before he took a boat to the Greek port of Patras.
Throughout his trip, he set up camp in fields and forests. He spent the last few moments of each day writing down his progress, tracking the next day's path and checking in with family and friends.
“It's just now dawning on me how big of an achievement this was.” Papadimitriou says of his 48-day journey. “And I did learn a lot of things about myself, about my limits, my strengths and my weaknesses. I really hope that the trip can inspire at least one more person to go out of their comfort zone and try something new, something big.”
1. What can we infer about Kleon Papadimitriou?| A．He was forced to leave for Scotland on bike. | B．He had a few biking experience before. |
| C．He was a famous cyclist in his hometown. | D．He cycled to the Greek port of Patras. |
| A．Because it seemed challenging to complete the journey. |
| B．Because he had no riding experience at all before. |
| C．Because his parents and friends didn't support his plan. |
| D．Because purchasing the equipment would cost too much. |
| A．2. | B．4. | C．6. | D．8. |
| A．Kleon Papadimitriou hardly communicated with his friends during the trip. |
| B．It took Kleon Papadimitriou 48 days to return to Greece. |
| C．Kleon Papadimitriou learned a lot of things about nature from the trip. |
| D．Many people have been inspired by Kleon Papadimiriou's story. |
6 . Migrating terns(燕鸥)may change their flight plans based on a keen sense of coming typhoons, escaping the impact of the storms but still benefiting from feeding opportunities in their wakes.
Researchers examined data recorded by tracking devices on six terns from Okinawa, Japan, to learn more about the birds’ migrations over multiple years. The terns flew across part of the Philippine Sea’s “typhoon highway” to get to the islands of Borneo and Sulawesi and varied their leaving times—often apparently waiting to depart until a large typhoon was about to cross their projected path.
“They seem to be able to predict it,” says Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institute of Polar Research in Japan and lead author of the new study, which was published in June in Marine Biology. The study offers few clues about how terns might do this, but other research suggests some migrating birds detect infrasonic(次声的)weather signals or observe changing clouds.
The terns Thiebot studied typically avoided the typhoons themselves. But these storms can churn（剧烈搅动）food to the ocean surface, so the immediate results may help the hungry travelers. They might actually use the typhoon to know when to leave for their migrations each year, Thiebot says. In the unusually quiet 2017 season, with no sign of a strong typhoon, the birds started their journeys later and flew without pit stops. Thiebot would like to see this pattern confirmed in a larger study. He also worries that increasing typhoon frequency could affect birds’ prediction accuracy, possibly getting them caught in dangerous weather.
Robert Gill, a retired research wildlife biologist, says that although the study’s sample size is small, it adds to scientists’ overall understanding of migration. “They are able to predict better than the best weather forecasters we have,” Gill says, “but they’ve also had tens of thousands, if not millions, of years to hone that skill.”
1. What did the terns do after getting to the islands of Borneo and Sulawesi?| A．They varied their projected path. |
| B．They stayed there for the exact time to leave. |
| C．They stayed awake to find feeding chances. |
| D．They churned food to the ocean surface. |
| A．They might not detect strong typhoon signals. | B．They didn’t find enough food. |
| C．They were caught in dangerous weather. | D．They wanted to fly without stops. |
| A．teach | B．develop | C．ignore | D．share |
| A．The impact of typhoons | B．A new approach to forecasting weather |
| C．The process of terns’ migrations | D．Terns’ ability to predict typhoon |
7 . The last few months have seen record numbers of us working from home, which begs the question: are offices still needed?
The likelihood is that you or a family member may have spent at least some time working from home since lockdown began. According to Finder.com, a huge percent of us were working from home, which has led commentators to dub the last few months a mass-work-from-home experiment.
Many people soon noticed positives such as increased productivity as a result of no office distractions, and more free time because there’s no need for commuting(上下班往返). For some, parents in particular, the ability to work from home with flexible hours has been a huge positive. Home working also cuts pollution levels due to fewer of us embarking on the daily commute and would save companies the costs of renting office space.
Some argue the shift to remote working is long overdue, with broadband technology now widely available and an ever-increasing number of people balancing working with childcare.
“Hopefully it will show employers who were resistant that it is possible to work effectively from home,” says Mandy Garner, managing editor of Workingmums.co.uk. Mandy adds that flexible working was regarded mainly as a bit of a favour done to mums. There was little research about it. Now we have countless studies showing the benefits.
A key concern, however, is loneliness, with Finder.com reporting 19 percent of remote workers were experiencing this. Even with video calls, it is difficult to recreate the buzzing dynamic of an office. Many people also have a daily battle with poor Wi-Fi. And there’s the challenge of switching off once the working day is over—an office creates a physical and mental line between work and home, which can be easily blurred(变得模糊) when working from home.
The future of offices is uncertain but with the benefits—to employees and employers—of remote working, it may be that a real shift has taken place and we won’t be going back to work in the same way again.
1. What do we know about working from home?| A．It was resisted by employees. | B．It can result in more distractions. |
| C．It brings about broadband technology. | D．It may lead to higher efficiency. |
| A．It will keep employees free from loneliness. |
| B．It can build a line between work and home. |
| C．It can balance working with childcare. |
| D．It may have the challenge of switching off. |
| A．Indifferent | B．Sympathetic | C．Disapproving | D．Positive |
| A．The benefits of remote working | B．A mass-work-from-home experiment |
| C．The End of the Office? | D．A real shift in employment? |
8 . A fisherman I know named Joar Hesten called me late in April 2019. A white whale was swimming around his boat near the northern tip of Norway. It appeared to be wrapped in a tight strap (背带), and Hesten didn’t know what to do. White whales are usually found in pods in areas with ice and glaciers — rarely alone along the Norwegian coast. As a marine (海洋的) biologist, I knew that the strap needed to be removed as soon as possible.
We contacted the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries Sea Surveillance Service. When inspector Jorgen Ree Wiig and his crew met with the fishing boat, the nearly 12-foot-long male eagerly engaged with them. He’d clearly been trained. The mystery deepened when Hesten got into the water to remove the strap. Attached to the strap was a camera mount (支架) with the words “Equipment St. Petersburg”.
A week after his discovery, Hvaldimir — the whale, followed a sailboat to Hammerfest harbor, about 25 miles from where he was first spotted. That’s where I photographed him in early May. I had traveled to Hammerfest to determine his physical condition. He was thin: He wasn’t eating on his own and seemed unlikely to survive in the wild. Later the authorities decided to feed him; his meals became daily tourist attractions in Hammerfest.
Training such a whale is expensive and time-consuming, yet no one claimed him. The Norwegian Police Security Service got on the case, and a German journalist used crowdsourcing to track the strap logo to an outdoor-equipment supplier in St Petersburg.
In June Hvaldimir left Hammerfest, in much better shape than when he arrived. Since then he has traveled along the coast of northern Norway, apparently feeding himself. Many people have opinions about what to do with Hvaldimir. Should the lone whale be placed in a dolphinarium (海豚馆), moved to a habitat, or just left to himself ? So far, he seems to be doing fine on his own.
1. Why did Hesten give the author a call?| A．To respond to greetings as an old friend. |
| B．To complain about the behavior of inspectors. |
| C．To ask him how to help a trapped whale. |
| D．To tell him increasing whale numbers along the coast. |
| A．Frightened. | B．Confused. |
| C．Embarrassed. | D．Disappointed. |
| A．He was spied on by a sailboat. | B．He was attached to a new camera. |
| C．He was ordered to perform each day. | D．He was supplied with food regularly. |
| A．Keep Hvaldimir in the wild. | B．Return Hvaldimir to his owner. |
| C．Establish a reserve for Hvaldimir. | D．Invest more money in training Hvaldimir. |
9 . New events and changes of junior golf competition calendar
New events
Notah BegayⅢ Junior Golf National Championship
What does a junior golfer aim to pursue? One thing is to be noticed, ideally by a college coach. A remarkable opportunity will be offered by the Notah BegayⅢ Junior Golf National Championship to its participants: an event broadcast by Golf Channel. Players aged between eight and 18 can compete in the new event; information about where and when it will be held will be released later.
Barbasol Junior Championship
Beginning the career in the PGA Tour is something that a junior golfer tends to dream of. The Barbasol Junior Championship, which is scheduled to take place between June 29 and July 2 at Keene Trace Golf Club in Nicholasville, Kentucky, will provide such an opportunity. Boys under 19 years old will qualify for this new 54-hole event, and the winner will be awarded a spot at the PGA Tour's Barbasol Championship in July.
Changed events
Thunderbird International Junior
The dates of the AJGA's Thunderbird International Junior have to be changed since the NCAA Championships move to Grayhawk Golf Club in Scottsdale, Arizona, for the next three years. Generally, the Thunderbird is played at the end of May. However, this year it is scheduled on different dates for the first time, from April 9 to 12, which means, of course, that the finish date is on Masters Sunday.
Gator Invitational
Junior golf intends to prepare for the following college golf. If this is the case, then it is crucial to simulate the higher-level experience as much as possible. Because of that, the Gator Invitational, as a junior boys' event, has made a significant decision on becoming a 54-hole event by adding a round this year. The new version will be played from March 13 to 15 at The Country Club of Jackson in Jackson, Mississippi.
1. Which event can be watched on TV?| A．Notah BegayⅢ Junior Golf National Championship. | B．Barbasol Junior Championship. |
| C．Thunderbird International Junior. | D．Gator Invitational. |
| A．At the end of May. | B．From April 9 to 12. |
| C．Between June 29 and July 2. | D．From March 13 to 15. |
| A．The award given to the winner | B．The place where it is played. |
| C．The required age of the players. | D．The number of rounds it has. |
10 . When Jaimeson Pleasants was born, the delivery room turned into chaos. Now 20, Jaimeson, who was born without cheekbones, a jaw, and parts of both ears, has Treacher Collins syndrome (特雷彻·柯林斯综合症), a condition that affects facial development. His facial differences badly affected him — mainly, in relation to bullying. Jaimeson reveals that he dealt with some pretty serious bullying growing up, and often felt isolated or like he didn’t fully belong.
Luckily, Jaimeson has his brother, Anderson, by his side. And that’s all thanks to a phone call their mother Lisa got when Jaimeson was just 2 years old. One day, Lisa got a call from an adoption agency. They told her they had a newborn baby they thought also had TCS, and wondered if Lisa would be interested in adding him to her family. She said yes.
Anderson quickly bonded with Jaimeson over their shared struggles. But Lisa began to suspect that Anderson didn’t actually have TCS, so she brought both kids to a doctor to get a better diagnosis. It turned out Lisa was right — Anderson was diagnosed with Goldenhar syndrome (唐氏综合征), a similar condition that affects Anderson’s face, as well as his lungs, neck, and spine (脊柱).
Regardless of their health struggles, Jaimeson and Anderson are a team. They understand each other better than anyone, and they’ll head to college together soon. Although adopting a second child with a serious health condition was likely a risk for Lisa, there’s no doubt that it worked out for the best.
1. What happened when Jaimeson Pleasants was born?| A．He lost his ears. | B．He had a twin brother. |
| C．People were shocked. | D．His mother abandoned him. |
| A．Jaimeson used to be bullied by his brother. |
| B．Anderson has gone to college together with Jaimeson. |
| C．Anderson has the same disease as Jaimeson. |
| D．Jaimeson is senior to Anderson by two years. |
| A．Selfless and responsible. | B．Intelligent and strict. |
| C．Caring and humorous. | D．Enthusiastic and energetic. |
| A．Fashion. | B．Travel. | C．Life. | D．Science. |
