Some people must carefully pay attention to everything they put in their mouths in order to control their weight. By contrast, others can eat French fries to their hearts' content and achieve the same result. How do some people manage never to gain weight?
"Perception, one of the most important factors, has nothing to do with the body type because our personal feeling is always wrong. We often feel that some people who eat more don't put on weight. Actually? those who appear to eat whatever they like without gaining weight aren't eating more than the rest of us," said professor Kathleen Melanson. "For example, your friend who eats ice cream on a daily basis might eat less at another meal- or snack less throughout the rest of the day.”
“Physical activity can also make a difference, but it doesn't have to be a gym workout. There's little evidence to suggest that—without exercise-some people were born to burn significantly more calories than others," said Dr Ines Barroso, a researcher at the University of Cambridge. But there may be physical differences that allow some people to naturally control the number of calories they consume without exercising much self-regulation.
A lot of nervous system signals and hormones （激素）that circulate in our blood interact to tell us when we're hungry or full. This is called the appetite regulatory system, and it may be more sensitive in some people than others, Melanson said. One important hormone involved in this system is leptin （瘦素）.It helps regulate how much food we want to eat over longer periods of time, not just for our next meal. So a person with a more sensitive system might go back for seconds and thirds at a party, then feel full for the next few days and eat less.
Genetics can also play a role in a person's tendency to gain or lose weight. Researchers have identified over 250 different regions of DNA that are associated with obesity, according to a 2019 study published in PLOS Genetics.
1. What does the underlined word “Perception" in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Connection. | B．Sense. | C．Defense. | D．Reduction. |
| A．It makes people usually feel hungry. |
| B．It helps people have a better appetite. |
| C．It helps people regulate their food intake. |
| D．It makes people more sensitive to the flavour of food. |
| A．Weight problems can be avoided. |
| B．Losing weight is equally difficult for everyone. |
| C．Some people may be born to have weight problems. |
| D．Genes can be completely changed to avoid weight problems. |
| A．To share some ideas about how to lose weight. |
| B．To explain why some people never gain weight. |
| C．To advise people to control their daily diet strictly. |
| D．To call for people to pay attention to healthy eating. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】American researchers say they have found the strongest link yet between ozone pollution and damage to health. Their findings show that short-term increases in ozone lead to higher death rates in cities.
Ozone is a form of oxygen. The gas is produced naturally in the upper atmosphere to protect the Earth against radiation from the sun. But human activity can also create ozone in the lower atmosphere. Gasses from vehicles and industry react with sunlight to form this ozone. Levels usually increase in the warmer months. Ozone is the main chemical in smog, the air pollution that is a combination of fog and smoke.
Ozone has been linked to heart and lung problems especially, and to higher rates of hospital cases. Researchers from Yale University and Johns Hopkins University did the study. Michelle Bell of Yale was the lead researcher. The Journal of the American Medical Association published the results. The researchers collected information on 95 American cities. These contain about 40% of the national population. The study compared deaths rates to ozone levels between 1987 and 2000. The research suggests that even a small increase in ozone, ten parts per thousand million, can lead to higher death rates the following week. The study found that the average daily number of deaths rose point-five percent. Heart and lung related deaths rose point-six percent. And deaths among older people rose point-seven percent.
The study is one of the largest ever done of ozone and death rates. The researchers note that ozone is widespread in the United States and many other countries. The United States Environmental Protection Agency is re-examining its air pollution rules. The current limit for ozone is eighty parts per thousand million for an eight-hour period. Limits were higher in the past. But the researchers say they found an increase in deaths even below the current levels.
1. What can we know about the smog from Paragraph 2?| A．It is made up of water. | B．It can make the air clean. |
| C．Ozone is only a small part in it. | D．It is polluted air including fog and smoke. |
| A．The study placed the time between 1987 and 2000. |
| B．The old are easier to suffer from an increase in ozone. |
| C．The collected information is from 40% of American cities. |
| D．A small increase in ozone can't cause higher death rates. |
| A．The present ozone level in America is safe to people. |
| B．There is no direct connection between ozone and death rates. |
| C．The study of ozone and death rates has been done several times. |
| D．America has a worse problem with ozone than other countries. |
| A．Is ozone linked to heart and lung problems? |
| B．Can ozone levels cause environment to go worse and worse? |
| C．How can death rate be reduced by protecting environment? |
| D．What is the connection between death rates and ozone levels? |
【推荐2】A recent analysis from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine highlights the benefits of replacing animal products with plant-based foods. This analysis, which amplifies a previous study by the same committee, further emphasizes the significant impact of plant-based diets on weight loss, cholesterol (胆固醇) and fat intake in overweight adults.
The most significant finding is that both healthy and unhealthy plant-based foods contribute to weight loss when they replace animal products in the diet. This conclusion is significant because it underlines the potential of a plant-based diet, regardless of the specific type of plant-based foods consumed, in managing weight and improving overall health.
This analysis is a secondary examination of a prior study that involved 244 overweight adults. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group followed a low-fat vegan (素食的) diet, and the second made no changes to their diet. Obviously, the study set no restrictions on calorie intake, and the researchers did not give participants specific instructions on diet quality.
The study authors used two different indexes (指标) to assess: the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). The hPDI emphasizes fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans, while the uPDI includes more refined grains and fruit juices. Higher scores on the indexes correlate with greater consumption of plant-based foods and reduced consumption of animal products.
The results revealed that after 16 weeks, participants on the vegan diet showed increased scores in both indexes. This increase significantly correlated with participants losing an average of about 13 pounds, mainly from reduced fat mass. The second group showed no change in their index scores.
Overall, the analysis provides strong evidence that eating plant-based foods is effective for weight management and health improvement.
1. What does the underlined word “amplifies” mean in paragraph 1?| A．Abuse. | B．Expand. | C．Launch. | D．Classify. |
| A．The causes of putting on weights. | B．The key insight on plant-based foods. |
| C．The significance of managing weights. | D．The specific types of plant-based foods. |
| A．By improving participants’ diet quality. |
| B．By following participants’ daily routines. |
| C．By monitoring participants’ calorie intake. |
| D．By comparing participants’ indexes scores. |
| A．Being on diet is the key to losing weight. |
| B．All plant products are beneficial to health. |
| C．Plant-based foods show promising results. |
| D．Animal products have no effect on weight. |
A study suggests that, by giving you access to emails at all times, the all-singing, all-dancing mobile phone adds as much as two hours to your working day. Researchers found that Britons work an additional 460 hours a year on average as they are able to respond to emails on their mobiles.
The study by technology retailer Pixmania reveals the average UK working day is between 9 and 10 hours, but a further two hours is spent responding to or sending work emails, or making work calls. More than 90 percent of office workers have email-enabled phones, with a third accessing them more than 20 times a day. Almost one in ten admits spending up to three hours outside their normal working day checking work emails. Some workers confess(承认) they are on call almost 24 hours a day, with nine out of ten saying they make work emails and calls outside their normal working hours. The average time for first checking emails is between 6 a.m. and 7 a.m., with more than a third checking their first emails in this period, and a quarter checking them between 11 p.m. and midnight.
Ghadi Hobeika, marketing director of Pixmania, said, “The ability to access literally millions of apps, keep in contact via social networks and take photos and video as well as text and call has made smartphones invaluable for many people. However, there are drawbacks. Many companies expect their employees to be on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and smartphones mean that people literally cannot get away from work. The more constantly in contact we become , the more is expected of us in a work capacity(容量).”
1. What can we conclude from the text?
| A．All that glitters is not gold. |
| B．It never rains but pours. |
| C．Every coins has two sides. |
| D．It’s no good crying over spilt milk. |
| A．calling | B．reaching | C．getting | D．using |
| A．The average UK working time is between nine and twelve hours. |
| B．Nine- tenths spent over three hours checking work emails. |
| C．One-fourth check their first mail between 11 p.m. and midnight. |
| D．The average time for first checking emails is between 6 a.m. and 8 .am .. |
| A．Workaholics like smartphones. |
| B．Smartphones bring about extra work. |
| C．Smartphones make our life easier. |
| D．Employers don’t like smartphones. |
【推荐1】Is there anybody out there? For centuries humans have wondered, although the ways in which we have gone about this have varied. As we have gained a greater understanding of the universe, our searches have taken on more concrete forms. Questions about aliens(外星人) have become a subject for science rather than science fiction.
Now new cooperation between the Very Large Array (VLA) observatory in New Mexico and the SETI Institute in California means that our curiosity about aliens can be closer than ever before to being satisfied. Data from the VLA’s 28 radio telescopes, used to scan a vast area of sky, will be fed through a special supercomputer that will search for distant signals.
How likely it is that a signal will be found, and what this might mean, are hard questions to answer. SETI’s existing projects have not detected any signals from other planets so far. But recent discoveries in space and Earth sciences have provided some encouragement for those who are enthusiastic about the possibility, however remote, of detecting other civilizations.
Once it was thought that our solar system could be unique. Since the discovery of the first exoplanet (a planet beyond the solar system) in the 1990s, thousands more have been located. Around one in five stars is now thought to have a planet in their orbit in a so-called ”habitable(适合居住的) zone”— that is, at a distance from the star where the temperature means that life is theoretically possible.
Are Earth’s 7.5 billion humans, along with billions of other animals and plants they share their home with, on their own in the universe? If there is another life form somewhere, could it be as intelligent as humans? Or could it threaten them? I think all of these need further exploration. As explorations of Mars continue, and a new set of observations from the James Webb Space Telescope are set to begin, our interest in the possibility of alien life appears as much as before.
1. Why does the VLA work with SETI?| A．To develop new radio telescopes. | B．To satisfy some people’s curiosity. |
| C．To build a special supercomputer. | D．To find evidence of aliens’ existence. |
| A．Some exoplanets may have habitable zones. |
| B．New technologies are adopted to find aliens. |
| C．Signals have been detected from other planets. |
| D．Life does indeed exist on exoplanets. |
| A．Positive. | B．Uncertain. | C．Worried. | D．Unacceptable. |
| A．Exoplanets: home of aliens | B．Receiving signals:aliens appear again? |
| C．Finding aliens:possible or not? | D．Space: the unknown place |
【推荐2】Spend some time watching flamingos (火烈鸟) and you might think that not much goes on in their tiny heads.
But these elegant birds actually lead complex social lives. Each bird has certain other individuals it prefers to spend time with, and others it avoids. In other words, flamingos have friends.
For five years, Rose and his team observed the daily goings-on of five of the world’s six different flamingo species housed at the WWT Slimbridge Wetland Centre in Gloucestershire.
The partnerships that we see between birds are non-random. The birds are choosing who to associate with. Male-female pairs spend time together, but so do same-sex pairs and even groups of three or four. And those relationships can last for many years.
“So there were some flamingos in the group that really didn’t care who their partner was for that day, they would flit (轻快地掠过) around... and they would have many different relationships with many different birds.” And of course there were other flamingos that were less social butterfly and more alone wolf. But even they had a few close friends. “Those birds that were least social...had more investment in a smaller number of social connection with flamingos that they knew really well.”
Rose thinks that flamingos may have evolved (演变) their social lives due to their wetland habitats-in which the resources they need are concentrated in a small area.
If flamingos know their partners, if they know that these six birds, say, are friendly, and they get on with them, they can then waste less energy scrapping and quarreling with other birds that they don’t get on with.
By spending time with their friends, flamingos can more efficiently direct their limited time and energy to activities like hunting and mating.
1. What do we know about flamingos?| A．They are very elegant birds with big heads. |
| B．They make friends with other flamingos they like. |
| C．Male flamingos only spend time with female ones. |
| D．They usually change partners every couple of months. |
| A．Most flamingos don’t care who their partner is. |
| B．Flamingos always don’t have close friends. |
| C．A majority of flamingos are good at social activities. |
| D．Some flamingos would fly around to find different friends. |
| A．By storing food resources. |
| B．By living a relaxing life. |
| C．By flying further to get mating. |
| D．By making the best of their time and energy. |
| A．Flamingos Can Be Picky About Company | B．Rose And His Research on Wildlife |
| C．How to Protect the Endangered Flamingos | D．Why do Flamingos Need Partners |
Sydney’s train service runs throughout the central city area and the surroundings. Tickets can be bought from machines that operate 24 hours a day or from ticket offices. The monorail (单轨铁路) travels through central Sydney. It is the most excellent way to gain a good view of the whole city. The monorail runs every three to five minutes, and it takes 15 minutes to complete its journey.
Sydney is build around a harbour, and the Parramatta River has a large ferry system. It serves the area around the harbour. These include Taronga Zoo, Darling Harbor, Rose Bay, the North Shore, Cockatoo Island and Sydney Olympic Park. The ferries have operated for more than 135 years and 14 million passengers take the ferries each year.
Water taxis can transport passengers to specific locations, and offer guided tours of watereways. They also offer special services that some visitors may enjoy. The tickets sell for 20 Australian dollars for a day or 57 Australian dollars for a week. It is strange, isn’t it?
1. What should people take when getting on the bus in Sydney?
| A．Cash. | B．Tickets. |
| C．Change. | D．Bank cards. |
| A．can stop the bus at any time |
| B．can visit the city at night |
| C．should buy two tickets to get on and off the bus |
| D．can get on and off the bus many times with a ticket |
| A．By monorail. | B．By bus. |
| C．By train. | D．By ferry. |
| A．It runs much faster. |
| B．It is much cheaper. |
| C．It can reach more places. |
| D．It can provide special services. |
| A．20 Australian dollars. | B．37 Australian dollars. |
| C．57 Australian dollars. | D．120 Australian dollars. |
【推荐1】The audience starts to scream and young people all over Britain turn on their TVs. Yes, it’s Top of the Pops!
Top of the Pops is an amazing 34 years old. Pop stars from all over the world appear on this successful TV programme. After 1,800 shows, it’s still the most popular pop music show in Britain. So what’s the secret?
“We get lots of bands to perform live in the studio,” says producer Chris Cowey. “That just doesn’t happen on other shows.”
Chris starts planning the programme over a week before it goes out. His first job is to decide which bands to have on the show. When the chart of the top twenty songs is produced on Sunday, Chris can start to book the bands.
Monday starts with Chris meeting his sound, lighting and camera workers. They listen to each song and plan the show.
Tuesday is paperwork day. There are bookings to make sure of letters to answer and lots of phone calls to make. The show is on Thursday. Bands arrive at the studio from 10 o'clock in the morning and start practising. Tonight’s presenter, Jo Whiley, practices too.
First the bands go to make up. Judy and Issy are the make-up artists. “We see the stars with no make-up on, looking terrible,” says Issy. Then the bands go to the costume department where Marianne dresses the stars.
Back in the studio things are happening. The audience are practicing their dance moves! It takes over two hours to record the whole programme, then Chris edits it all night long. The final version is exactly 29 minutes long.
1. What make(s) Top of the Pops still the most popular in Britain?| A．The live performances in the studio. |
| B．The jobs carefully done by the workers of the TV station. |
| C．The great fame of the bands. |
| D．The large numbers of pop fans in Britain. |
| A．they must decide on the songs |
| B．they don’t have to decide what songs they will perform |
| C．the songs that will be performed haven’t been decided on |
| D．they have no idea what songs they will perform |
| A．makeup | B．stage |
| C．studio | D．clothes |
A． |
B． |
C． |
D． |
| A．More Popular, More Successful | B．A Stage for Pop Stars |
| C．Go Backstage of Top of the Pops. | D．A Popular Live Band. |
【推荐2】As seniors in college looking forward to life’s next goals-graduation and employment-it is essential to have a sense of feeling important. Every time I look through job listings, there is a small, and sometimes not so small current running through my mind, spitting out little charges that are meant to stop me from even applying. The charges come in the form of words that seem to shout out like “It is not even worth trying!” or “You look as if you were a qualified man...”
I met with a professor last week about a specific posting that really got me excited. Maybe the first time I could actually imagine myself in a position. I do not want to tell you which one because then there will be one more person applying for it. However, the professor said to me, “You and thousands of other people are interested in that job.” His response successfully dampened(抑制)my initial enthusiasm. So I went back to work on my cover letter, feeling like one little itty-bitty(极小的)sardine swimming in a school of thousands, with far less motivation than I had initially.
Of course, the realities are good, and we should never feel deserving of, or entitled to, a position. I would say there are only a few select students out there. The cream, who has academic advantages, would be sure to stand out. The rest of us, struggling through our course loads, are the crop. But being the crop does not make us any less important!
The point is that, like the old Hasidic story goes in Jewish tradition, we should always remember to carry two slips of paper in our pockets, especially during times of challenge and transition. When feeling beat down, or lost within a school of sardines, take out one slip of paper that says “For my sake, the world was created”. But for fear that you become a person filled with self-importance, carry a second slip of paper to serve as a gentle reminder, “I am but dust and ashes.”
1. What does the author imply in Paragraph 1?| A．He doesn’t want to work after graduation. |
| B．He has no confidence in finding a good job. |
| C．He tries to behave himself after graduation. |
| D．He shows no interest in most jobs in the list. |
| A．inspired | B．confused | C．discouraged | D．embarrassed |
| A．The plants in the field. | B．Common members of a group. |
| C．Those who enjoy their life. | D．Those who are tied to a position. |
| A．Control our feelings when faced with different problems. |
| B．Read as many old stories as possible in our daily life. |
| C．Learn how to make ourselves important to others. |
| D．Understand the function of two sheets of paper. |
【推荐3】The idea that computers have some amount of “intelligence” is not new, says Ralph Haupter, the president of Microsoft Asia, pointing as far back as 1950 when computer pioneer Alan Turing asked whether machines can think. “So it has taken nearly 70 years for the right combination of factors to come together to move AI from concept to reality,” says Haupter.
It is predicted that the development of artificial intelligence will be the story of the coming generations, not just the coming year, but as 2019 gets underway, you’ll find AI will begin to touch your life in many ways according to some researchers.
“Personal assistant AIs will keep getting smarter. As our personal assistants learn more about our daily routines, I can imagine the day I need not to worry about preparing dinner. My AI knows what I like to eat, which days of the week I like to cook at home, and makes sure that when I get back from work all my groceries are waiting at my doorstep, ready for me to prepare that delicious meal I had been longing for.” ---Alecjandro Troccoli, senior research scientist, NVIDIA.
“Thanks to AI, the face will be the new credit card, the new driver’s license and the new barcode (条形码). Facial recognition is already completely transforming security with biometric capabilities being adopted, and seeing how technology and business are connected, like Amazon is with Whole Foods, I can see a near future where people will no longer need to stand in line at the store.” ---Georges Nahon, president, Orange Institute, a global research laboratory.
“2019 will be the year AI becomes real for medicine. By the end of the year we’re seeing solutions for population health, hospital operations and a broad set of clinical specialties quickly follow behind.” ---Mark Michalski, executive director, Massachusetts General Hospital.
1. What can we know about AI from the first two paragraphs?| A．People didn't expect AI to develop so rapidly. |
| B．The idea of AI just came up recently. |
| C．The concept of AI was put forward by Ralph Haupter. |
| D．It took more than 70 years to turn the concept into reality. |
| A．Alan Turing. | B．Georges Nahon. | C．Mark Michalski. | D．Alejandro Troccoli. |
| A．Executive director of a hospital. | B．President of a research laboratory. |
| C．Chairman of an energy corporation. | D．Chief operating officer of a newspaper. |
| A．By explaining cause and effect. | B．By presenting research results. |
| C．By listing some predictions. | D．By describing personal experiences. |
【推荐1】Deisha walked up and down as she waited backstage. This would be her most important piano performance yet. At ten years old, she was the youngest performer in the recital (音乐演奏会). She had practiced playing her song more than 30 times that week. When she closed her eyes at night the music played over and over again in her head.
Now that the day had arrived. Deisha was not sure she was ready. She smoothed her hair and picked a piece of lint (绒毛) from the new dress that her mother had bought for her. She noticed that her hands were shaking. How could she play the notes of the song if her hands were shaking? She tried to concentrate on steadying (稳住) them, but they play only shook more.
Deisha’s piano teacher, Ms. Neal, walked up to speak to her. “I have something for you.” she said, putting a smooth black stone into Deisha’s hand. “It’s a special stone. There’s no other one like it in the world. You’ve practiced so much; you don’t need anything else.”
The stage lights reflected off the rock. “Thank you,” Deisha said.
When Deisha’s name was called, she rubbed the stone, stepped onto the stage, and played better than ever.
After her performance, she noticed that Ms. Neal had a whole bag of black stones. “Why did you say this one was so special?” she asked. The teacher responded, “Because, like your talent, it belongs only to you.”
1. Why did Deisha hear the piano music in her head at night?| A．She had practiced many times. | B．She wanted to remember the song forever. |
| C．She listened to the song every day. | D．She liked this piece of music very much. |
| A．was dissatisfied with her new dress | B．waited impatiently backstage |
| C．was too nervous to keep her hands steady | D．forgot the notes suddenly |
| A．Deisha was fully prepared for the recital | B．it was difficult to play the piano | C．it took talent to play the piano | D．Deisha owned many things |
| A．Practice leads to a perfect performance. | B．People are talented in their own way. |
| C．Rubbing a stone can bring good luck. | D．Performing in front of people is hard. |
【推荐2】We spend a third of our adult lives working and another big part preparing for our careers. Historically, work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose. During the vast majority of our 300, 000-year human evolution(进化), work was in fact pretty simple. We worked to eat and avoid being eaten. Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else, like spirituality, art, religion, or science.
The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful-is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention. Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see a worker who returned from a typical workday at a factory complain to their folks that they didn’t earn much or they were worn out and rare to see that they complain they didn’t experience a sense of purpose.
Similarly, the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice. Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago. His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role. Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day, without bringing their whole self to work. Work is just not a core aspect of their identity, and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother, husband, American, Christian, captain of the local soccer team, etc.
Others, however, have very low psychological distance with their work role, seeing it as essentially intertwined(交融的) with who they are. They don’t just come to work, they are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs. They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.
1. Why did we spend much of our adult lives working?| A．To prepare for future careers. | B．To find the water sources. |
| C．To help us evolve. | D．To make us survive. |
| A．To help us find meaning at work. | B．To prove that the idea was modern. |
| C．To show us the bad old days. | D．To complain about the experience. |
| A．Employees have different understandings about their work role. |
| B．Every employee must bring their whole self to work. |
| C．To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea. |
| D．Workers’ core identity is built on art categories. |
| A．Those who see work as a job. |
| B．Those who identify with their work role. |
| C．Those who are fully devoted to their work. |
| D．Those who possess experience. |
【推荐3】Across the world language and history are closely connected. Languages are borrowed and changed. and as society changes, new words or phrases are created to show the current cultural understanding. Some phrases and words simply develop accepted usage, their origin forgotten.
One such phrase grandfathered in has become common, meaning someone is free from following new rules or regulations. While it often makes us think of the image of a gray-haired, older gentleman who gets out of trouble. the intention behind the term arose from something bad. Today. the term is widely used, most notably in real estate and health insurance.
But when the term was first coined in the 1890s, it referred to only one thing: voting rights. After the 15th Amendment (修正案) was carried by the US Constitution in 1870 banning taking way people's right to vote on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude(奴役)，some southern states did not readily accept the ruling. Instead, they carefully made amendments at the state level that avoided the federal law to try to keep African Americans from accessing polling stations. Since the basis of race could no longer be used, the state amendments introduced poll taxes as well as literacy tests. These limits were powerful; close to 30 percent of all voting-age males couldn’t read or write, most of whom were poor black men. But those taxes and tests would also affect poor unlearned white voters. Thus, a grandfather clause was added to allow an unlearned man to vote as long as he or his lineal ancestor (i.e., grandfather) had been a registered voter before 1867---three years before the passage of the 15th Amendment.
The clauses no doubt influenced the vote along racial lines, but party lines were at play too. At the time, most African Americans were Republicans (the party of Abraham Lincoln) and most whites were Democrats. The influence served to keep power in the hands of the Democrats.
The phrase “grandfathered in" is of course still widely used today without the meaning of taking away one's voting rights. But even as culture develops, whether we're aware of it or not, language has the power to hold our history.
1. In which condition is someone considered to be “grandfathered in"?| A．When he looks like an old man. |
| B．When he disagrees with new rules. |
| C．When he is not limited by new rules. |
| D．When he succeeds in making big money. |
| A．To stop black people from voting. |
| B．To make black people work for them. |
| C．To save face before the northern states. |
| D．To reduce the number of polling stations. |
| A．To cut poll taxes for poor white men. |
| B．To make sure uneducated whites could vote. |
| C．To allow more white men to be educated. |
| D．To fee old white men tom taking literacy tests. |
| A．The fights caused by the clauses. |
| B．The composition of the two parties. |
| C．The effects the clauses brought about. |
| D．The protest African America staged. |
