1 . New observations of the Moon show that lunar water may be more accessible than originally thought. The new data is particularly exciting for NASA, which hopes to make use of the Moon’s resources — especially water ice existing in the soil — to help future astronauts live and work on the lunar surface.
In one study, researchers discovered water directly on the lunar surface, finding the molecule(分子) on areas of the Moon lighted by the Sun. A second study speculates （推测）that water ice might be trapped in tiny areas or small holes spread all over the Moon’s surface, making water more abundant (大量的) and more accessible than we could have imagined. The two studies were published in the journal Nature.
This isn’t the first time water has been discovered on the Moon. But the only water we’ve been able to find until now is really difficult to reach. It seems to be primarily located in large holes at the lunar south pole that are in continuous shadow. The freezing holes are dangerously cold — possibly reaching -400 ℉ — making them almost impossible to access with modern technology.
The research published today raises the possibility that astronauts can find water in other areas of the Moon that are far less deadly. “If we find that it’s abundant enough in certain locations, it would be easier to access versus going into these very cold, very dark places,” Casey Honniball, an expert at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and lead author on one of the studies, tells The Verge.
It seems to be good news for NASA. But there are still a lot of unknowns related to this research. Though the first study discovered water, the researchers didn’t find a lot. Besides, if the water is existing in the lunar dirt as expected, it’s going to take a lot of work to get it. “The method to get that water would be to melt the glass, so that the water can be released,” Honniball says. “This is a difficult process, compared to some other methods.”
1. Where can we read about the new studies？
| A．From NASA. | B．In The Verge. |
| C．From Space Flight Center. | D．In the journal Nature. |
| A．The only water found is located on areas lighted by the Sun. |
| B．The deadly cold situation stops people from accessing the holes. |
| C．It is the first time that people have found water on the Moon. |
| D．It can reach a temperature of -400 ℃ in the holes. |
| A．Great efforts will be needed to melt the glass. |
| B．There is not enough water on the Moon. |
| C．We don’t know where to find the water. |
| D．We don’t know how to get the water. |
| A．NASA plans to send astronauts to the Moon. |
| B．A lot of unknowns exist in making use of the Moon. |
| C．Using water on the Moon will be key to a future lunar base. |
| D．Water ice on the Moon may be easier to reach than we thought. |
2 . It all started because Lynn and her two teenage children needed to get from Georgia to Alaska, where Lynn’s husband, an American officer, is stationed (驻扎). Lynn packed up all their belongings, bought a 4x4 truck, and started a cross-country family adventure. The first 3,000 miles of the trip went well.
The farther north they traveled, the worse the weather got. Lynn, who was raised in the South, met her first winter white-out conditions. Then she used up windscreen wiping fluid. Slush (雪泥) covered her windows and she couldn’t see to drive. Even scarier — her tires seemed to be sliding on the ground.
After changing the summer tires at a tire store, Lynn decided to give up driving. She phoned her husband and asked if he could just come and get them where they were. Her husband was worried but he wasn’t legally able to get them himself. Then the family had to find a motel and went to bed. That’s when the kind people there put out a request on Facebook for someone to drive them the last 1,056 miles to the border.
Gary Bath was at home when he saw his friend’s post about the trapped family. After watching the post for a while and seeing no one was able to help, he and his wife made the decision that he would drive them the whole way to the border.
Both families met over the Internet, and when they decided they were all comfortable with the plan, the Baths drove to meet the family at the motel. It took Gary two days to drive them to a border checkpoint (边防关卡) where the family was greeted by Lynn’s husband and the new friends parted ways.
1. Why did the American family set off for Alaska?| A．To enjoy the beautiful scenery. |
| B．To visit an old friend. |
| C．To have an adventure. |
| D．To have a family reunion. |
| A．The birth place of Lynn. |
| B．The difficulties Lynn got into. |
| C．The direction of this journey. |
| D．The weather conditions on the way. |
| A．By asking for public help. |
| B．By telephoning the husband. |
| C．By offering them free meals. |
| D．By driving them to the border. |
| A．Serious and careful. |
| B．Smart and honest. |
| C．Kind and caring. |
| D．Brave and determined. |
3 . I was born with bad eyesight. At high school I couldn’t read the blackboard. By the time I got to the university of Bath to study Chemistry it had got to the point where I couldn’t really see images at all, only the difference between light and dark. And a few years later, once I was in the first year of my PhD, I was almost completely blind.
But climbing is my great passion. I started climbing when I was young. My dad taught me everything about climbing. When I was 11, I led my first climbing route outside. People are usually amazed when they discover that not only do I climb, but I also lead climbs.
At university I joined the Mountaineering Club and was able to climb much more frequently. We had regular trips to indoor walls and weekends away outdoors. I developed a great circle of climbing friends and went on several trips to Europe. After these I started Alpine climbing and ice climbing, too.
When my sight dropped to a level where I could no longer read, I thought I might have to give up leading. But I never thought I would stop climbing. I just learnt to adapt with the support of my friends.
People often ask me, “Why rock climbing? It doesn’t seem like a good activity for a blind person.”
But when I think about the danger, crossing the road is far more dangerous, and also, it’s something where I’m not in control.
It’s quite possible that I wouldn’t be such a good climber if I weren’t blind. If I didn’t have these challenges, it wouldn’t focus me. That determination is built through my disability.
When I reach the top of a climb, I don’t get to appreciate the view, but the feeling of achievement is extremely good.
Climbing is a way to prove my way of thinking in life — which is that I’m not disabled, I’ m blind and able.
1. When the author went to university, he .| A．couldn’t read the blackboard | B．couldn’t figure out light and dark |
| C．nearly couldn’t see images | D．was almost blind |
| A．He thought about quitting climbing. |
| B．He learnt to adapt with others’ help. |
| C．He continued leading climbs. |
| D．He went on several trips to Europe. |
| A．The author started climbing at the age of 11. |
| B．The author began ice climbing when he got his PhD. |
| C．The author is afraid of crossing the road. |
| D．The author views blindness in a positive way. |
| A．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. |
| B．All things are difficult before they are easy. |
| C．Actions speak louder than words. |
| D．The eye is blind if the mind is absent. |
4 . When homework and tests keep you up late at night, you may plan to make up for your lost sleep during the weekends. But is it useful?
A study published in the journal Current Biology shows that the habit of sleeping in on weekends doesn’t fix the damage that has been done by a lack of sleep during the week. Even worse, it may damage your health.
In the study, which was conducted over 10 days, 36 healthy young men and women with different sleep requirements were divided into three groups. The first group were asked to sleep nine hours a night and the second group five hours a night. The members of the third group slept for five hours on weekdays but rested as long as they wanted on the weekend.
The researchers found that people who lacked sleep ate more snacks and gained weight quickly. However, this wasn’t the case for the first group.
That could be partially due to the shifting of the biological clock and changes to certain body hormones, especially hunger hormones. In order to catch up on their sleep during weekends, people in the third group would eat later as a habit. So their biological clocks shifted, which also changed the production of hunger hormones.
“The hormone leptin(瘦素) decreases appetite(胃口), while the hormone ghrelin(饿素) increases appetite,” explained US researcher Vsevolod Polotsky. “Sleep shortage causes leptin to drop and ghrelin to rise, so you’re hungry and eat more.”
And even if they tried to sleep for as long as they wanted to during weekends, according to researchers, it was still not enough because they found it difficult to fall asleep.
Moreover, short and insufficient sleep schedules will lead to an inability to change blood sugar and increase the risk of metabolic(新陈代谢) disease in the long term.
1. Which of the following is true about the study?| A．Participants were divided into two groups. |
| B．Researchers studied 36 children and adults. |
| C．It lasted for more than two weeks. |
| D．Each group follow different sleep requirements. |
| A．increasing | B．lacking | C．changing | D．shortening |
| A．They need to create more energy. |
| B．There is less leptin in their bodies. |
| C．They have a lower blood sugar. |
| D．Their bodies produce less hormones. |
| A．Appetite Affects our Sleep Quality |
| B．Sleeping in Causes Weight Loss |
| C．Catching up on Sleep Harms Our Body |
| D．Men and Women Sleep Differently |
5 . Teenagers need to eat healthy food while they’re still young so that they will grow up to be healthy adults. Therefore, it is necessary for school cafeterias(食堂) to provide healthy food. With this in mind, the government has introduced a new food safety regulation that will improve health levels in schools.
The new regulation took effect on April 1. It requires those who are in charge of kindergartens, primary and secondary schools to eat with students in their cafeterias. Schools will also be required to make information regarding food sources and suppliers public.
The regulation also suggests that parents should eat with students at school in order to provide advice on food safety. Schools must find food safety problems and solve them in a timely manner.
If a school is caught buying low-quality food or failing to report food safety events, the people in charge of the school will be warned, fired or handed over to law enforcement(执法机关), the regulation says.
Parents across China have become increasingly angry about food safety events in schools, according to The Beijing News.
The most recent example occurred in March at the Chengdu No.7 High School Development School. Parents posted videos and photos of bad food that was served in the school’s cafeteria, China Daily reported. The school’s headmaster was eventually fired. In October, the head of an international school in Shanghai was fired after law enforcement found bad tomatoes and onions in the schools kitchen.
1. What does the new regulation require schools to do?| A．Allow teachers and students to eat together. |
| B．Improve the conditions of their cafeterias. |
| C．Show the public where their food comes from. |
| D．Build more than one cafeteria. |
| A．Parents should play a part in improving food safety in schools. |
| B．Teenagers should go home to eat meals every day. |
| C．Food safety problems can be easily solved. |
| D．Parents are angry about food safety events in schools. |
| A．School cafeterias often offer bad food to cut their costs. |
| B．School headmasters nationwide are not doing their jobs well. |
| C．Food can get bad more easily in the south than in the north. |
| D．The punishment for offering bad food is serious. |
| A．Students’ eating habits. |
| B．Food safety in schools. |
| C．School headmasters. |
| D．Parent-teacher relationships. |
6 . Shanghai residents （居民） passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu district earlier this month might have discovered an unusual sight a “walking” building.
An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology named the “walking” machine.
In the city’s latest effort to protect historic structures, engineers used nearly 200 mobile supports under the five-story building, according to Lan Wuji, chief technical supervisor of the project.
The supports act like robotic legs. They’re split into two groups which in turns rise up and down, like the human step. The sensors （感应器）help control how the building moves forward, said Lan.
In recent years, China’s rapid modernization has seen many historic buildings destroyed to clear land for skyscrapers and office buildings. But there has been growing concern about the architectural heritage （遗产）loss as a result of destruction across the country.
It is true Shanghai has been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous bund district and 19th-century “shikumen”（or “stone gate”） houses in the repaired Xintiandi neighborhood has offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.
The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou district, which was then considered to be Shanghai’s most complex relocation project to date.
The Lagena Primary School, which weighs 7, 600 tons, faced a new challenge-it’s T-shaped, while previously relocated structures were square or rectangular（长方形的）, according to Xinhua.
Experts and technicians met to discuss possibilities and test a number of different technologies before deciding on the “walking machine”, Xinhua said.
1. Why did the 85-year-old primary school have to be moved?| A．To make room for modern buildings without destroying it. |
| B．To meet the new requirements of the school. |
| C．To protect it better as it is a cultural heritage. |
| D．To give the old building a new life… |
| A．By reducing the weight of it. | B．By using movable supports. |
| C．By dividing it into several parts. | D．By using robotic legs. |
| A．China’s rapid modernization leads to the architectural heritage loss. |
| B．The move of the primary school is the first example of heritage protection. |
| C．The different shape of the primary school adds difficulty to its move. |
| D．The move of the primary school is Shanghai’s most complex relocation project. |
| A．A news report. | B．A science review. |
| C．A travel magazine. | D．A geography book. |
7 . Time flies. Youth fades. Treasure each moment of your accompanied by guitar and drums, the Band for One, made up of five people, sang the lyrics soulfully during a performance in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, on November 7, 2020.
Behind the band, there was a picture of a young man named Philip Hancock shown on the screen. And he is the reason why they were all there. Hancock was a 27-year-old Australian who taught English in Chongqing. When he died in 2018 due to a disease, his parents followed his wishes and donated his organs.
The five people introduced themselves onstage. They are the ones who received Philip's organs. "Last November, the Red Cross officials told me Philip's parents mentioned during an earlier memorial service that he loved music and dreamed of having his own band one day," said Chen Xianjun, a recipient. Chen was instantly on board to form a band in memory of Philip, and so were the other four recipients.
Since they had no music experience, they had to start from scratch. From learning the guitar, to mastering the maracas and taking on the drums, they took time out of their busy lives to practice over the past year. Peter Hancock, Philip's father, said after watching the band's performance, his biggest wish is for the five to enjoy their lives more.
Organ donation is not only the best way to honor a loved one, but also a remarkable way to save the lives of others. China faces a serious shortage of organs, with about 300,000 people waiting for organ transplant surgeries each year. But the good news is, more and more people have been signing up to be organ donors, showing the spirit of selflessness that Philip and so many others have shown.
1. Why did the five people form the band?| A．To compete in a singing performance. | B．To show their respect for Peter Hancock. |
| C．To raise money for the local Red Cross. | D．To express their appreciation to Philip. |
| A．One year. | B．Two years. | C．Three years. | D．Five years. |
| A．lose interest in music. | B．practice from the very beginning. |
| C．take part in training courses. | D．turn to some musicians for help. |
| A．Citizens are encouraged to donate organs. | B．Organ donation is the best way to save lives. |
| C．The author thinks highly of organ donations. | D．Few people are willing to donate their organs. |
8 . Desperate to protect his farmland from a group of monkeys that were always destroying his crops, a farmer in Karnatakas India decided to paint his dog to look like a tiger in the hope that it would scare the monkeys away.
Srikant Gowda, a farmer from Karnatakas Shivamogga region, recently made interactional news headlines after it was reported that he used hair dye to paint his watchdog in the characteristic stripes of a tiger. The dog already had a reddish hair color, so all he had to do was add the black stripes and some white to give it the tiger look. It wasn't that Gowda had always wanted to own a tiger, but that he hoped the disguise(乔装) would help the dog drive away the monkeys destroying his crops.
The Indian farmer told reporters that he got the idea four years ago when he visited Uttara Kannada and came across a farmer in Bhatkal who was using a fake tiger doll to scare away monkeys. It seemed silly, but he tried the idea himself and was surprised to see that it actually worked. However, he was convinced that the toy tiger wouldn't fool the monkeys for long, so he decided to try something else as well.
The trick, strange as it might seem, has worked well and the dog has been able to actually scare off the monkeys.
This year Gowda not only used hair dye to make his watchdog look like a small tiger, but he also placed large posters of real tigers and his own fake tiger all over his farmland, hoping that they would keep the monkeys at bay. The paint job actually doesn't harm the dog. It’s actually hair dye(染发剂) and lasts up to a month before fading away.
1. What did the fanner decide to do to protect his crops?| A．Raise some tigers | B．Draw a dog like tiger |
| C．Set traps for the monkeys | D．Make up his dog as a tiger. |
| A．From a trip. | B．From a friend |
| C．From a toy. | D．From the Internet |
| A．The dye can do harm to dogs. |
| B．The “paint job” will last for only a month. |
| C．More dogs are likely to be painted like tigers. |
| D．Monkeys will never stop destroying crops. |
| A．Farmer Is Friendly to Animals |
| B．Farmer Is Good at Drawing Tigers |
| C．Farmer Protects His Crops from Animals |
| D．Farmer Paints His Dog as a Tiger to Scare Away Monkeys |
9 . It’s often said of British people that they are very aware of each other’s social rank. Britons can usually work out a fellow countryman’s background from the way they speak or dress, and may even treat them differently based on this. But although this may have been truer in the past than it is today. Visitors to Britain say that they still notice it. The comic play Pygmalion by the Irish man George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), is a famous exploration of the importance of social rank in British society.
The main story of the play concerns a working class girl, Eliza Doolittle, a flower seller from London. Two upper class gentlemen try to see if they can get Doolittle to appear like an upper class lady after sending her for elocution lessons. Professor Henry Higgins, a language expert, says it can be done; his friend Colonel Pickering says that it’s impossible. Even so, Higgins sets out to teach Eliza how to “speak properly”.
Of course Eliza isn’t a lump of clay; she has her own will. She can see that it’s in her best interest to go along with Higgin’s plan to “improve herself”. She wants to be able to sell flowers in a shop rather than on the street. Still, Eliza’s willfulness means that it’s a bumpy（坎坷的）ride for everyone.
At the beginning of fourth act, the characters are at home after a ball（舞会）, at which Eliza proved that a flower girl can pass herself off as a lady after all. She was a triumph at the ball, and Higgins has won his bet.
But what happens next? Eliza has her future to worry about. She may be able to fool the upper class into thinking she’s one of them, but she isn’t really one of them.
Shaw seems to be telling us that social rank is about more than the someone talks---it’s about wealth and privilege. The whole experiment proves the idea that accents and classes are very superficial. The way one speaks and dresses are only markers of class. The class system itself, however, is something completely different.
1. According to the text, in Britain, the way a person speaks and dresses _____.| A．determines their social rank |
| B．used to have a strict code |
| C．is no longer cared about by other people |
| D．could affect other opinions of them |
| A．dance lessons | B．speech lessons |
| C．sales training | D． dress courses |
| A．She is forced to give up selling flowers on the street. |
| B．She is unwilling to participate in the experiment at first. |
| C．She is thought of as a respectable upper-class lady at the ball. |
| D．She is afraid that true background will be known by other people. |
| A．People should try to improve their accents. |
| B．One can enter the upper class after receiving training. |
| C．The way someone speaks makes a big difference to their social status. |
| D．A person’s social rank can’t truly be judged by the way they look and talk. |
10 . HOLIDAYS
The Bay Hotel
It’s a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialised Cornish fishing village on England’s most southerly point. If pop music is no longer your strong point, and you are considering a relaxing holiday where the scenery is breathtaking and the sound of the sea is live music to your ears, come and stay with us. For adults only. Sssh! Don’t tell everyone! 01326 280464.
Willapark Manor Hotel
Peaceful situation in 14 acres of separated gardens and woodland, overlooking picturesque bay. Close to coastal path and beach. Excellent cuisine. Our excellent service brings our guests back year after year. Children (reductions) and pets welcome. 01840 770782.
The Country Garden Hotel
Delightful hotel set in lovely gardens; calm Island of Wight near Tennyson Downs, Great food! Garden, sea view and ground floor rooms. Please call for brochure and sample menu. Adults only and pets welcome. 0800 980 1943.
The Blakeney Hotel
Overlooking harbor, traditional privately owned friendly hotel with 60 bedrooms, lift, heated indoor pool, spa bath and saunas. Relax, walk, sail, play golf, explore the Norfolk villages, countryside and coast. Special seasonal midweek price for aged citizens. 01263 740797.
1. If you want to take your children and your dog with you on holiday, you can choose _______.| A．The Country Garden Hotel | B．Willapark Manor Hotel |
| C．The Bay Hotel | D．Boscastle |
| A．young people | B．students | C．foreign guests | D．elderly people |
| A．warn | B．advise | C．advertise | D．describe |
