1 . According to a new study, putting preschooler(学龄前儿童) in bed by 8 p.m. could reduce their chances of becoming overweight or obese later in life by half. Preschoolers are children around the age of 4 or 5.
The World Health Organization says obesity can lead to serious long-term health problems like diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
Researchers from the Ohio State University’s College of Public Health have found that young children who go to bed after 9 p.m. are twice as likely to be obese later in life. The researchers wrote their findings in The Journal of Pediatrics.
The lead author of the study is Sarah Anderson. She is a professor of epidemiology(流行病学). Anderson says that, for parents, the results of the study support the importance of creating a bedtime routine.
She says that having a usual bedtime routine is something “families can do to lower their children’s risk” of becoming overweight.
Researchers used data from 977 children for the study. These children are part of a larger project called the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. The project follows healthy babies born in 1991 in 10 cities in US.
When these children turned 15 years old, the researchers looked at their rates of obesity. Of those with the earliest bedtimes, only one out of 10 was obese. Of those who went to bed between 8 and 9 p.m., 16 percent became obese. And out of those with the latest bedtimes, 23 percent became obese.
The World Health Organization reported in 2014 that the number of overweight babies and young children worldwide had increased from 31 million in 1990 to 44 million in 2012. If that trend continues, the WHO warns, there will be 70 million obese children in the world by 2025.
1. According to the passage, the risk of obesity ______.| A．can be cut by half if children go to bed by 9 p.m. |
| B．can lead to low blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease |
| C．is the highest at the age of 4 or 5 |
| D．is higher for those children who sleep late at night |
| A．heavy | B．light | C．fat | D．slim |
| A．The research is organized by the World Health Organization. |
| B．The result shows that children sleeping before 8 p.m. have the lowest rate of obesity. |
| C．The findings are based on the data provided by The Journal of Pediatrics. |
| D．The research is funded(提供资金) by the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. |
| A．Objective(客观) | B．Disappointed | C．Positive | D．Satisfied |
2 . I believe that my actions show my beliefs, not my words.
I wrote a letter to my kids a few years ago. It’s three pages long, and it sums up my life experience of four decades. By the time they reach adulthood, they will have heard most of their father’s advice in that letter: live in the moment, do not attach yourself to physical things, treat others the way you would like to be treated, etc. I sealed the letter in a white envelope, and wrote instructions that nobody should open it unless something horrible happened to me.
As a police officer, I have seen life disappear in an instant. I realize that could happen to me at any time. Yet knowing that letter is there in my locker makes me more comfortable with my own death.
Every day, when I open my locker, I see the letter. It makes me aware that I should be careful at work, and show my children and the people I have connection with that I try to practice everything I have written. If that day comes and my children finally read the letter, I hope that because of my actions, they will take my written beliefs to heart and improve upon my example.
But for me, it’s not enough to write down my beliefs. I try to be the best person I can be every day-even in very difficult circumstances. I am more successful some days than others, but sometimes I curse too much. Sometimes I am cynical, unwilling to believe that people have good and honest reasons for doing something. I also get stressed and upset, yelling at my kids sometimes, and sometimes I am not as loving or as sympathetic as I should be. In fact, I am far from perfect, but I hope my children will eventually realize that perfection is an illusion. What really matters is that, instead of just writing down our beliefs, we all take action to be the best humans we can be.
1. Which of the following can best describe the author?| A．Humorous. | B．Interesting. |
| C．Selfless. | D．Considerate. |
| A．He wanted to confirm his beliefs. | B．The letter served as a reminder. |
| C．He kept adding something new to it. | D．His kids asked him to check it. |
| A．Doubtful about others’ motivations. | B．Curious about everything around. |
| C．Worried about his future life. | D．Unsatisfied about his profession. |
| A．Parents should care for children. | B．To become a successful father. |
| C．To be better today than yesterday. | D．Bad guys deserve to be punished. |
3 . Do you feel bored during your holidays? Here are some books for the stay-at-home who are fond of reading to pass time during their holidays.
A License to Heal(By Steven Bentley,www.iuniverse.com, $11. 95 sc, $ 3. 99 eb)
In the world of emergency medicine,there is pain,blood and tragedy(悲剧），but there is also hope and compassion. The book shows readers the stories from an ER doctor that brings this dynamic world to life. In this highly personal narrative,an emergency room physician describes the world of the ER as one filled with pain,fear and grief,but also compassion,hope,and a surprising amount of humor.
Imperfect Family(By Leyland A. King,www.xlibris.com, S 19. 99 sc, $3. 99 eh)
This book is a novel showcasing an ordinary family's union,strength,ambition and determination that made it possible for one generation to climb the slippery and shabby ladder from poverty to the security of American middle-class.
Walking the Stones of Time(By Oswald Brown,www.xtibris.com, $ 18. 99 sc, $3. 99 eb)
It is an extraordinary love story of an awkward young man and an equally awkward young woman who,despite their lack of social skills,developed a love that was stronger than all their inadequacies.
Honeyball (By Pete Liebengood, www.xlibris.com, $19. 99 sc, $3. 99 eb)
A group of women pull together in a dedicated campaign to find success at the box office while their leader finds the love of her life and the persons responsible for the death of her father in a plane Crash.
Batting Rocks over the Barn(By Lawn Griffiths,www.xlibris.com, S 19. 99 sc, $ 3. 99 eb)
The rhythm of rural life during the 1950s and 1960s comes alive through the eyes of a boy who grew up to become a newspaper journalist and film editor. Follow his journey in this book.
1. What can we learn about Steven Bentley's book?| A．It is a tragedy | B．It is the most expensive. |
| C．It is written in a narrative way. | D．It is a humorous story about a doctor.. |
| A．Lcyland A. King. | B．Lawn Griffiths. |
| C．Steven Bentley | D．Oswald Brown. |
| A．A License To Heal and Imperfect Family. |
| B．Imperfect Family and Honeyball. |
| C． Batting Rocks over the Barn and Walking the Stones of Time . |
| D．Walking the Stones of Time and Honeyball. |
4 . St Andrews & the Fishing Villages of Fife
An ancient university, breathtaking medieval ruins, and old-fashioned coastal villages: explore all this and more on our adventure through Fife.
Places you’ll explore
Forth Bridge – An incredible engineering achievement, and a UNESCO World Heritage sight. Anstruther – Be charmed by the cobbled lanes and quaint（古色古香的）buildings of this traditional fishing village.
St Andrews Cathedral – This ruined cathedral was once one of Scotland’s most splendid buildings.
St Andrews Old Town – Enjoy the 1,000 years of history as you explore the old streets and ancient castle.
The Old Course – Golf was so popular in Scotland, but it was banned in the 15th century. And nowhere was it more popular than in St Andrews, the Home of Golf.
Historic Village of Falkland – This quaint town in the Kingdom of Fife boasts a beautiful palace and a peaceful setting.
Tour detail
Departs 09:30 – Rabbie’s Cafe Bar, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, EH1 3EG Returns 18:00 approx
Prices
• Adult price: £45 per person
• Discount price: £40 per person (Seniors over 60 and children between 5 and 15; unfortunately, we don’t allow children under 5 years old on the tour)
Important information
• Pack your waterproof clothing and walking shoes
• Falkland Palace is closed from November to Easter
Tour inclusions
• Transport in a 16 seat Mercedes mini-coach
• Air conditioning as standard
• The stories and services of a Rabbie’s driver-guide
Tour exclusions
• Entry fees to visitor attractions
Customer reviews
A great day
Howard Carroll, posted on 18/05/2017
A great day out. Fully recommend the tour. Gillian and Eric were not only friendly but very knowledgeable.
Excellent tour guide M W Grzelak, posted on 15/02/2017
First time but not my last. Grant was an excellent and intelligent guide who cherishes his Scottish heritage. The tour offered the best venues (场地) and just enough time to experience them.
1. What do we know about the places included in the tour?| A．Anstruther has a modern look. |
| B．St. Andrews Cathedral is in good condition. |
| C．There is an ancient castle in Falkland Village. |
| D．Golf was once a very popular sport in St Andrews. |
| A．£120 | B．£125 |
| C．£130 | D．£135 |
| A．Tour guide services are provided. |
| B．Falkland Palace is open in December. |
| C．The tour lasts for two days. |
| D．Entry fees to all attractions are included. |
5 . I grew up in California but have spent about four years living in various parts of the UK. The first thing I noticed was that my West-Midlands host family did not sound like the queen. I’ve since learnt that accents change almost every five miles. As far as America goes. I can tell the West Coast from the East or the South, but I can’t tell you a state, much less a county (郡).
The next thing I couldn’t imagine was the quiet, stare-ahead norm of public transportation- if you talk to somebody on the Tube, you’re probably a serial killer or a lost tourist.
I’ve had to deal with the Tube from Heathrow to Victoria with heavy bags more times and Victoria Station is not exactly tourist friendly. Each time I’ve had someone walk up and ask to help with my bags. Not once have they been English. In America, at least from what I’ve experienced, people will start a chat if they see you’re travelling by yourself, and I always immediately have someone taller offer to put my things in an overhead bin (行李箱).
Opening hours-especially Sunday trading laws have also taken so much to get used to. In America, 24/7 fast food, grocery stores. petrol stations, etc. are the norm. In my first year in the UK,I forgot it was Easter Sunday, and went into town at 2：00 pm. Imagine my surprise when 1 found the city center was deserted, and there wasn’t a single car at Tesco. Approaching the building, I saw a large sign announcing opening times. I had to make do with plain bread until 9：00 am Monday, when I’d be able to pay for groceries again.
Speaking of groceries, it took so many people telling me I was crazy to convince me to eat eggs here- they’re not refrigerated, and they’ll often have bits of feather or chicken waste on the outside. 1 am now aware that they ‘re safe, but coming from a childhood of perfectly clean, white, large AAA eggs, I was convinced I’d die a terrible salmonella (沙门氏菌) death.
1. What’s the author’s impression of the transportation of the UK?| A．It’s very dangerous to use public transportations. |
| B．It’s easy for a tourist 10 get lost on public transportations. |
| C．British people willingly offer help on public transportations. |
| D．British people don’t talk to each other on public transportations. |
| A．He left the city center. | B．He failed to buy any food. |
| C．A supermarket closed down. | D．A restaurant opened in a tall building. |
| A．Try to speak like the queen. |
| B．Avoid eating unhealthy eggs. |
| C．Store some plain bread in the fridge. |
| D．Pay attention to the opening hours of the shops. |
| A．How to Get Used to Life in the UK |
| B．What do I Find Strange about the UK |
| C．How Difficult It Is to Travel in the UK |
| D．What Can a Foreigner Expect in the UK |
6 . Marian Wright Edelman, an American lawyer, educator and children’s rights activist, was born on June 6, 1939 in South Carolina, one of five children. Her father Arthur Wright was a preacher (牧师) who died when she was only 14 years old. In his last words to her, he advised her not to “let anything get in the way of your education.”
After high school, Edelman went on to study at Spelman College and later traveled to the Soviet Union. When she returned to Spelman in 1959, Edelman became involved in the civil rights movement. This work inspired her to drop her plans to enter the Foreign Service and study law instead. In 1973, Edelman set up the Children’s Defense Fund as a voice for poor and disabled children. She served as a public speaker on behalf of these children.
During a tour, Marian met Peter Edelman, an assistant to Kennedy, and the next year she moved to Washington, D. C. to marry him and to work for social justice in the center of America’s political scene. The couple had three sons: Joshua, Jonah and Ezra. Jonah is the founder of Stand for Children, a group that promotes children’s education, and Ezra is a documentary (记录片) filmmaker who won an Emmy for his film “O.J.: Made in America.”
Edelman is the author of many books for children and adults. Her titles for readers include I’m Your child, God: Prayers for Our Children, Guide My Feet: Prayers and Meditations for Our Children, Lanterns: A Memoir of Mentors, and The Measure of Our Success: A Letter to My Children and Yours, which was a surprising success.
1. What do we know about Edelman’s family?| A．She was the single child. |
| B．Her mother was a preacher. |
| C．They took education seriously. |
| D．The family had a poor life. |
| A．She wanted to study abroad. |
| B．She intended to be a lawyer. |
| C．She had little time for her work. |
| D．She was interested in civil rights. |
| A．In Washington D. C. | B．In the Soviet Union. |
| C．In South Carolina. | D．In Spelman. |
| A．They all worked for social justice. |
| B．They achieved something in career. |
| C．They won many awards in their lives. |
| D．They contributed to their mother’s books. |
7 . When HarmonyOS, the Chinese self-developed operating system for Huawei mobile devices, was released on Aug 9, it quickly became a hot topic on social media. Many believe it not only represents the rise of the country as a tech power, but also pays tribute (致敬) to classical Chinese culture by naming the system “Hongmeng” in Chinese. “Hongmong” is a classical word from the Taoist (道家) text Zhuangzi. In the ancient times of Chinese myths and legends, “Hongmeng” was used to describe the original state of the universe before matter existed.
For HarmonyOS, “Hongmeng” indicates the developers’ aim to make an innovative operating system, unlike any other. Besides “Hongmeng”, Huawei has also registered many of its products under the names of legendary creatures from Chinese mythology, such as “Qilin”for the Kin mobile chip, and “Kunpeng” for the server chip. Many Chinese internet users and media have praised Huawei’s use of these names, “as they stand for Chinese wisdom and ancient people’s imagination and spirit of exploration”, Global Times noted.
In fact, Huawei is not alone in using traditional culture for modern ventures. Ne Zha, the new film, also portrays traditional culture in a modern context. Earlier this month it became the biggest animated movie in China and was called “the glorious light of domestic anime”. The movie is loosely based on the well-known work of classical Chinese mythology The Investiture of the Gods. Unlike his attractive heroic character in previous cinematic works, Ne Zha is shown as a rebellious underdog, who has to overcome hardship and his dark fate to become a hero. Many young Chinese people can relate to Ne Zha, who encourages them to become dream-chasers and fate-changers. As Global Times put it, today by revisiting and incorporating a modern context, “ancient mythology has the power to stir up contemporary imagination in young people”. After all, imagination is the beginning of creation.
1. Why did Huawei name the new system “Hongmeng” in Chinese?| A．Huawei was interested in describing the original state of the universe. |
| B．Huawei targeted at designing a unique operating system in the world. |
| C．Huawei aimed to develop classical culture. |
| D．Huawei was fond of Chinese myths and legends. |
| A．Admirable. | B．Indifferent. |
| C．Neutral. | D．Critical. |
| A．Not all the plot is based on the popular Chinese mythology. |
| B．The new film Ne Zha means a lot to domestic anime in China. |
| C．The character of Ne Zha is a failure at first in previous works. |
| D．The film Ne Zha encourages many youth to achieve dreams. |
| A．Huawei’s new names for its products and their influence. |
| B．A brief introduction of a new successful movie Ne Zha. |
| C．Imagination is important and the beginning of creation. |
| D．Ancient cultures come into new life and inspire imagination. |
8 . People are social creatures and we depend on our relationships with others for our health and happiness. While we can individually make efforts toward slow living, finally we need the support of others and community organizations to be successful. Slow Cities meet this need. Like Slow Food, the Slow Cities movement started in Italy. Its organization is known as Cittaslow, which has spread to about 30 other countries throughout the world since 1999.
Cittaslow has set up 50 goals and principles, which supports communities as they protect the environment and build upon their own special qualities reflecting their historical roots as well as their strong desire or ambition for the future. This is not about nostalgia and following tradition closely; rather it is a call to refuse the forces of the same types that result in every place looking and feeling like every other place. By gathering together with others who share the same opinions or interests, we can start to include new projects to further improve the quality of life in our communities by using our imagination.
The basic part of Slow Cities is the idea that our health and happiness partly depend upon a healthy connection to the people and place where we live. The growing Sunday Parkways movement is just one great example of an activity that combines many of the well-being goals for cities in a fun, healthy, and family-oriented way. The Cittaslow website is designed as a place where ideas like these can be explored and exchanged.
The Slow Cities movement is not just about improving the quality of life of the citizens; it also encourages communities to develop their friendly and generous behavior towards guests, offering them an organized event, for example, a concert, a sporting event so that visitors can go through what is different and special about the area, really learning about the local culture. Slow Cities invite people to slow down so that they can see and connect with the rich diversity of the world where they live as well as the diversity of the world around them.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To show that human beings need social activities. |
| B．To stress that it is necessary to have Cittaslow. |
| C．To prove that the Slow Cities movement is getting popular. |
| D．To explain the relationship between health and happiness. |
| A．Be creative and improve their quality of life. |
| B．Be responsible and reflect on their historical development. |
| C．Be well prepared and try to continue their local customs. |
| D．Be grateful and value the good old days that they have had. |
| A．The activities and community culture. | B．The opinions and childhood education. |
| C．The neighbors and living environment. | D．The experiences and family background. |
| A．stubborn | B．hard-working | C．open-minded | D．strong-willed |
9 . Mercury(水星) is the closest planet to the sun. It is a planet slightly larger than the Earth’s moon. It is covered in craters. Some craters have ice in them, even though the planet is hot. Sunlight never touches some parts because of the planet’s special position. Without air, there are great temperature differences between the coldest and hottest parts. Mercury days are so long that there are big differences between temperatures on the daylight side and the night side.
Mercury was created billions of years ago, when big rocks ran into each other. After these accidents, the planet was frequently visited by meteorites (流星) for several hundred million years. There were also many volcanic eruptions. As the planet cooled, the thin, rocky outside shell reduced in diameter(直径) by about 3 kilometers.
The Caloris Basin is one of the largest craters on Mercury. This big crater is 1, 300 kilometers wide and was formed when a large rock, about 100 kilometers across, knocked into the surface. Beethoven, another large crater, is 643 kilometers across.
The cliffs on Mercury are up to 2 kilometers high and hundreds of kilometers long. The cliffs were formed when the thin surface fell apart, as volcanic activity slowed down and Mercury became cooler.
One Mercury day lasts about 59 Earth days. Mercury takes about 88 Earth days to have a complete year, instead of the 365 days that we have on the Earth. Mercury speeds around the sun so that there are three Mercury days every two Mercury years! Mercury has a strange relationship with the Earth. Every 117 days, when Mercury is closest to the Earth, it always has the same side facing us.
Mariner 10 is the only spacecraft to visit Mercury. It made three visits to Mercury in, the 1970s, taking photos of many cliffs and craters. Although the first three visits answered many questions, they have raised others.
1. What is the surface of Mercury like?| A．It’s generally flat. | B．It’s hot everywhere. |
| C．It’s bright everywhere. | D．It’s cold in some parts. |
| A．A drop in temperature changed its size. |
| B．A great many meteorites ran into it. |
| C．It got out of shape as time passed. |
| D．Lots of surface rocks fell off. |
| A．One Mercury day lasts about 88 Earth days. |
| B．It turns around the sun faster than the Earth. |
| C．Six Mercury days are two Mercury years. |
| D．It has more cliffs than large craters. |
| A．Another spacecraft visited Mercury. |
| B．New cliffs and craters were formed. |
| C．New signs of volcanic activity appeared. |
| D．Lots of new puzzles needed to be solved. |
10 . Researchers found that sleep deprivation（剥夺）has something with overeating. They studied 17 healthy men and women for 11 days and nights in a lab, where researchers recorded their every movement and recorded everything they ate. That way, researchers could make calculations of how much energy the participants were taking in and how much they were burning off through activities.
After a three-day baseline period, one group was freely assigned to sleep and wake whenever they wanted for eight days, while another was woken up after only two-thirds of their usual sleep time—that amounted to about 80 minutes less sleep per night on average. The group that experienced such restricted sleep tended to eat more the following day, adding 549 extra calories to their usual diet, while those who slept as much as they wanted ate about the same on each of the eight experiment days as they did during the three-day baseline period.
The poorly sleeping group was likely to gain weight over the long term, if their sleep was continually restricted, since they didn't burn any more calories than their better sleeping counterparts. That may help explain why previous studies have found that shift workers who work at night and sleep during the day tend to gain more weight than day workers: their disturbed sleep pattern may enhance them to eat more while they don't expend any more energy to work off the added calories.
Therefore, it's important for people to remember that the relationship between sleep, eating and weight is a complex one. Getting a sufficient amount of sleep each night may play an important role in regulating how much we eat and how many calories we burn, and it may also help determine when we eat. Eating when we should be sleeping may increase the risk of weight gain, as the body is more likely to turn nighttime calories into fat rather than burning them off.
1. According to the researchers, there is a link between________.| A．sleep and health | B．sleep and activities |
| C．sleep and energy | D．sleep and overeating |
| A．eat less the following day | B．eat more the following day |
| C．wake earlier the following day | D．wake later the following day |
| A．burn more calories | B．work at night |
| C．gain more weight | D．eat more than others |
| A．the body can turn calories into fat at night |
| B．it is dangerous for people to gain weight |
| C．people should eat less to ensure a good sleep |
| D．people should pay attention to the relations between sleep, eating and weight |
