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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:64 题号:12772953

Researchers found that sleep deprivation(剥夺)has something with overeating. They studied 17 healthy men and women for 11 days and nights in a lab, where researchers recorded their every movement and recorded everything they ate. That way, researchers could make calculations of how much energy the participants were taking in and how much they were burning off through activities.

After a three-day baseline period, one group was freely assigned to sleep and wake whenever they wanted for eight days, while another was woken up after only two-thirds of their usual sleep time—that amounted to about 80 minutes less sleep per night on average. The group that experienced such restricted sleep tended to eat more the following day, adding 549 extra calories to their usual diet, while those who slept as much as they wanted ate about the same on each of the eight experiment days as they did during the three-day baseline period.

The poorly sleeping group was likely to gain weight over the long term, if their sleep was continually restricted, since they didn't burn any more calories than their better sleeping counterparts. That may help explain why previous studies have found that shift workers who work at night and sleep during the day tend to gain more weight than day workers: their disturbed sleep pattern may enhance them to eat more while they don't expend any more energy to work off the added calories.

Therefore, it's important for people to remember that the relationship between sleep, eating and weight is a complex one. Getting a sufficient amount of sleep each night may play an important role in regulating how much we eat and how many calories we burn, and it may also help determine when we eat. Eating when we should be sleeping may increase the risk of weight gain, as the body is more likely to turn nighttime calories into fat rather than burning them off.

1. According to the researchers, there is a link between________.
A.sleep and healthB.sleep and activities
C.sleep and energyD.sleep and overeating
2. People who are short of sleep may________.
A.eat less the following dayB.eat more the following day
C.wake earlier the following dayD.wake later the following day
3. The better sleeping people can________.
A.burn more caloriesB.work at night
C.gain more weightD.eat more than others
4. The author mainly wants to tell us that________.
A.the body can turn calories into fat at night
B.it is dangerous for people to gain weight
C.people should eat less to ensure a good sleep
D.people should pay attention to the relations between sleep, eating and weight

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阅读理解-阅读单选(约390词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意:本文是说明文。研究发现,慷慨使人更快乐、更健康。

【推荐1】In a study published in Nature Communications, researchers from the University of Zurich told 50 people they’d be receiving about $100. Half of the people were asked to spend that money on themselves, and half were asked to spend it on someone they knew. Before giving out any money, the researchers brought everyone into the lab and asked them to think about a friend they’d like to give a gift to and how much they would spend. They then performed functional MRI scans (扫描) to get to know activity in three parts of the brain related to social behavior, generosity, happiness and decision-making.

Their choices-and their brain activity-seemed to depend on how they had promised to spend the money earlier. Those who had promised to spend money on other people tended to make more generous decisions throughout the experiment (实验). They also had more interaction between the parts of the brain related to altruism (无私) and happiness, and they reported higher levels of happiness after the experiment was over.

Another piece of good news was that planning to give away just a little bit of money had the same effects on happiness as giving away a lot. “At least in our study, the amount spent did not matter,” says lead author Philippe Tobler. “Even little things have a beneficial effect-like bringing coffee to one’s workmates.”

It’s not yet clear how long these warm feelings last after being generous. But studies have shown that older people who are generous tend to have better health, says Tobler, and other research has suggested that spending money on others can be effective at lowering blood pressure. “Moreover there is a positive connection between helping others and life expectancy (预期寿命),” he adds.

Next time you think that the best way to make yourself feel better is to buy yourself a treat, consider that the opposite is likely true. “It is worth giving it a try, even if you think it would not work,” Tobler says. “Repeated practice is probably needed so that giving becomes second nature.”

1. What did the researchers find out about those promising to spend money on other people?
A.They were much happier.B.They had less brain activity.
C.They were slower at making decisions.D.They experienced higher levels of stress.
2. What does Tobler want to explain by mentioning bringing coffee to workmates?
A.It isn’t hard to behave generously.
B.Being generous will pay off in the end.
C.The amount of generosity did not matter.
D.Small acts of generosity can be seen everywhere.
3. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A.Ways to show generosity.
B.Health benefits of being generous.
C.Reasons for performing acts of generosity.
D.Influences generous people have on others.
4. What does Tobler suggest people do in the last paragraph?
A.Practice giving and make it a habit.
B.Don’t expect anything in return when giving.
C.Don’t believe happiness depends on a good treat.
D.Perform something good even if it may have a bad result.
5. In which part of a magazine can we probably find this text?
A.Sports.B.Science.C.Education.D.Travel.
2023-06-01更新 | 93次组卷
阅读理解-六选四(约290词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是什么quiet quitting,为什么员工会quiet quitting以及管理者应该怎么做。

【推荐2】Quiet Quitting

While not a new concept, the term “quiet quitting” has recently gained popularity on social media.


What is quiet quitting?

Quiet quitting doesn’t mean an employee has left their job, but rather has limited their tasks to avoid working longer hours.     1     They stick to what is in their job description and when they go home, they leave work behind them and focus on non-work duties and activities.

    2     It may also mean they are ready to change positions or may be currently looking for another job.


Why are employees quiet quitting?

Quiet quitting may be a popular term, but this practice isn’t new. Workers have quietly quit their jobs for years to look for something new, whether it was because of poor pay, unmanageable workload, burnout or lack of growth opportunities.

Working from home has also changed the dynamics of the workplace because employees and managers are communicating in different ways through online meetings. These interactions may feel more formal than the chat sessions that happen in an office. Limited meetings can cause a disconnect between employees and management.     3    


How can businesses help employees?

The biggest way to prevent disengagement is to improve the employee experience. Talk to employees, gather their feedback and discuss what can be done to make them feel appreciated. Make sure workloads are realistic and that there are appropriate boundaries to maintain a work-life balance. It’s important to check in with employees to make sure these boundaries are clear and help establish an open and honest relationship.

Further, managers should clearly outline paths of career progression to each employee.     4     A recent report revealed that more than half of employees surveyed would accept 10% less pay in exchange for a “more interesting career path or more opportunities to learn new skills”.

A.Supporters argue that quiet quitting is a way to safeguard your mental health.
B.They set clear boundaries to improve work-life balance.
C.Regular support and praise that make employees feel valued and connected can get lost.
D.Managers must learn how to have conversations to help employees reduce disengagement and burnout.
E.However, quiet quitting could be a sign that an employee is not happy in their position.
F.Employees are more likely to be engaged when they have specific targets.
2022-12-15更新 | 145次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章通过一个问题说明了两种思维方式,介绍了二者的不同以及影响思维方式的因素。

【推荐3】Take a look at the question below and see whether you can figure out the answer: If you’re running a race and you pass the person in second place, what place are you in?

The quiz is deceivingly simple, but there is a little twist. The reason for this question design is not to cheat people, but to figure out natural differences in their thinking styles. More specifically, the test aims to establish whether the quizzer is more of a fast, intuitive thinker or a slow, reflective thinker.

After reading the question, an intuitive answer is likely to be: Since only one place is better than second place, if passing the person in second place, surely you’d be first. In comparison, a slower, more reflective thinker might realize that by passing the person in second place, one person is still in front of you, making you the runner-up.

System 1 is a fast and intuitive approach, which is often ruled by emotional responses, habits or instincts. It has the advantage of creating fast solutions but typically tends to make common reasoning errors. System 2 describes a slow and careful approach, which includes more measured reflection on different choices. It has the advantage of leading to more purposeful results but is also connected with the cost of higher mental effort.

The test question intended to measure people’s preferences of one thinking style over the other. However, in fact, most people use a mixture of System 1 and System 2 approaches, with the context determining which system is more influential. The relative importance of a task and the amount of time available to make a choice can both influence how you think.

With this in mind, we may have to look back on our first question. Rather than trying to identify the better thinking style, the challenge appears to be one of finding balance. Knowing when to think fast and when to think slow might be the real game changer for lifting productivity and success.

1. What does the underlined word “deceivingly” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Seemingly.B.Extremely.
C.Heavily.D.Strangely.
2. What do we know about reflective thinkers?
A.They are worse at running races.
B.They are more likely to make mistakes.
C.They are easily influenced by emotions.
D.They often think twice about everything.
3. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?
A.It’s difficult to change one’s thinking style.
B.Reflective thinking outweighs intuitive thinking.
C.One’s thinking style is determined by certain factors.
D.People usually prefer one thinking style to the other.
4. What may be the key to success according to the text?
A.Figuring out the better thinking style.
B.Changing the game rules to your advantage.
C.Striking a balance between work and play.
D.Adapting the thinking style to the situation.
2023-05-24更新 | 56次组卷
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