3 . CVCC’s High School Program

Career-technical programs at Cuyahoga Valley Career Center allow students flexible career paths with advanced academics to prepare them for college and the work force.

Electrical Systems

Each student is provided with trade-related classroom training that produces competency and pride that lead to true craftsmanship. Learn how to use many of the latest tools and technologies with hands-on training in our fully equipped lab. The program’s diversified coursework gives students a strong foundation in electrical systems installation and repair, in addition to receiving skill training, working and earning a paycheck on the job.

Engineering Technology

You’ll learn engineering concepts and technology such as applied logic, digital electronics, computer-aided design, robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing. The project. based approach lets you apply your skill to real situations. In practice, you’ll pick your own real-world problems to solve and graduate ready for a college engineering program.

Sports Medicine Exercise Science

This science-based program combines lectures, hands -on labs and critical thinking activities with all of the latest fitness technology. Students have the unique opportunity to learn in exercise and sports environments alongside exercise and sports professionals using advanced medical techniques to prevent and heal injuries. Upon completion of the program, students may earn college credits atvarious Ohio universities. Applicants must have a minimum 3. 0 GPA and “C” or better in Biology.

Education Professions

Education Professions introduces college-minded students to the field of education. This foundational course benefits all education majors regardless of specialty. Observation and field experiences provide the first-hand experience you need to decide if a career in education is for you. Admission is with high school counselor (顾问) recommendation only.

1. Which program offers students pay?

A．Electrical Systems.

B．Engineering Technology.

C．Sports Medicine Exercise Science.

D．Education Professions.

2. What is special about Sports Medicine Exercise Science?

A．It is targeted at college students in Ohio.

B．It is aimed at training professional athletes.

C．It only admits applicants with recommendation.

D．It has academic requirements for applicants.

3. What can we infer about the programs mentioned in the text?

A．They are science-related.

B．They are technology-centered.

C．They stress practical training.

D．They guarantee admission to college.

4 . Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make "green" ammonia (氨) from air, water and renewable electricity. In a paper published in Energy and Environmental Science, the authors say that ammonia synthesis (合成法) was one of the critical achievements of the 20^th century. When used in fusiliers that significantly increase the output of food crops, it enabled agriculture to sustain an ever-expanding global population.

But since the beginning of the 1900s when it was first employed, production of ammonia has been energy intensive- requiring temperatures higher than 400℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm-and all powered by fossil fuels. Dr. Emma Lovell, a co author on the paper from UNSW, says the traditional way to make ammonia- known as the Haber- Bosch process- is only cost-effective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and it produces more CO₂ than any other chemical-making reaction.

“In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the Haber Bosch process, having to produce millions of tons of ammonia in centralised locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world, not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in the one place,” says Dr. Lovell. “And we saw tragically in Beirut recently how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ”

Dr. Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply, on a smaller scale and using renewable energy. Their new production method does not rely on fossil fuel resources, nor give of CO₂.

“And once it becomes available commercially, the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand- farmers could even do this on location using our technology to make fertilisers- which means we negate the need for storage and transport There's a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the planet,”Dr. Lovell says.

1. What do we know about the Haver-Bosch process?

A．It does harm to the earth.

B．It requires green materials.

C．It uses less energy and is cheap.

D．It transforms fossil fuels into ammonia.

2. Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text?

A．To remind people to protect the environment.

B．To give an example of the risk in ammonia storage.

C．To convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere.

D．To stress the choice of a proper centralised location.

3. What does the underlined word “negate” probably mean in the last paragraph?

A．Inspect.

B．Avoid.

C．Suit.

D．Accept.

4. What is the purpose of this text?

A．To solve a problem.	B．To explain a process.
C．To advocate a theory.	D．To introduce a method.

5 . Ever since she received a little toy airliner as a birthday gift, Kate Koralevskaya has been attracted by flight. From flying remote-controlled airplanes to building her own model ones, Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions, but only until recently has she been able to take that to new heights.

When Kate heard about the Upwind Scholarship from her school counselor, she knew it was an extraordinary opportunity to realize her dream. The program's mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot's license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.

After completing a lengthy application and her subsequent acceptance into the program, Kate began her training last spring. Normally, recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying. Due to the pandemic (大流行病), however, Kate spent hours each weekend studying online lessons in her room whenever she got a break from homework. Once summer came around, Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing fight training from nine to five every day. "It was the toughest part of the program," Kate said.

After completing that portion of ground school, Kate was finally able to begin flying at the San Carlos Airport with the other scholarship recipients from around the Bay Area. Flying, especially for first-timers like Kate, is a hands-on process involving lots of checklists to make sure the important tasks are being taken care of.

Now, having finished the program and earned her PPL, Kate plans on training as a fight instructor and hopes to become an airline pilot in her future.

She credits the Upwind Scholarship for all she's been able to accomplish so far and hopes that anyone who shares her passion will look into it. “It is a very hard scholarship to get into, and you have to be truly interested in flight,” Kate said. “It can't be something like ‘Oh, why don't I try flying this summer?’ You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put in effort in order to succeed in the program. ”

1. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A．Her skill of building model airplanes.

B．Her wish to take fights around the world.

C．Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.

D．Her desire to fly remoter-controlled airplanes.

2. What is the goal of the Upwind Scholarship?

A．To help students in need to achieve their dreams.

B．To provide necessary training for private pilots for free.

C．To give students expert advice on earning a scholarship.

D．To prepare high school students to become a private pilot.

3. What did Kate do in ground school?

A．She took online lessons on flying.

B．She went over the fundamentals of flying.

C．She did some research into the pandemic.

D．She finished applying for the program.

4. Which of the following best describes Kate?

A．Confident and aggressive.

B．Strong willed and patient.

C．Demanding and courageous.

D．Ambitious and hard-working.

6 . Part of the importance of the practice of capacity building is that too many of us think our intellectual capabilities and focus are fixed. However, Benjamin Hardy, a psychologist and author, recently presented groundbreaking research that suggests that we can often change by changing our environment.

“Because people's lives become routine, you begin to see very predictable behaviors and attitudes,” Hardy says. This is why personality is viewed as stable and predictable over time. Hardy's book, Personality isn't Permanent, digs into this concept.

We regard our childhood, teenage years and 20s as our foundational learning periods. It can be common to think we can't learn as effectively as we grow older. But Hardy argues that we really stop learning because we stop trying new things.

In our young lives, we experience a number of “firsts”, ranging from social experiences to leaning opportunities. Absorbing new experiences is crucial to ensuring we keep expanding our minds and changing our personalities.

Learning new things is a great starting point to changing your personality for the better. Also consider making substantial changes to your professional environment. This can manifest in several ways. If you're a successful leader maybe you'd like to share your knowledge with others by coaching, writing or speaking. Anything that pushes you outside the limits of your normal work life can ensure you keep growing and changing.

In Personality Isn't Permanent, Hardy discusses a study from Harvard psychologist Dr. Ellen Langer. In 1981, Langer and her graduate students selected a group of men in their 70s and placed them in an environment modeled to look like the 1950s. It featured a black-and-white television, mid-century furniture and magazines from the era. As Hardy explains, “The goal was to trigger their minds and bodies to exhibit the energy and biological responses of a much younger person.” It actually worked.

1. Why do people think personality is fixed?

A．Because life becomes regular and foreseeable.	B．Because people refuse to read new books
C．Because the brain becomes less effective.	D．Because people's intelligence turns stable.

2. What can we do to enrich our mind?

A．Reread a fantastic book.	B．Devote fully to daily work.
C．Learn a new kind of sport.	D．Talk with an old friend.

3. What does the underlined word "manifest" in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．Construct

B．Distinguish.

C．Predict.

D．Appear.

4. What does the last paragraph imply?

A．The facilities in Harvard need improving	B．Younger persons accept new things better
C．Langer's study consumed a lot of energy.	D．The participants' performance improved.

7 . In Mexico, first Oaxaca's state legislature (立法机关) passed a ban on selling or giving out high-calorie packaged foods and sugar-sweetened drinks to minors (未成年人) recently. Less than two weeks later, Tabasco state approved a prohibition too. Now at least a dozen other states in Mexico are considering similar legislation.

Two-thirds of those who died from COVID-19 in Mexico had health problems such as obesity and diabetes, according to Health Department officials. That has led to a new urgency to change diets so that the younger generation doesn't suffer those diseases. The country consumes large amounts of sugar-sweetened drinks and processed snacks. One-third of Mexicans aged 6 to 19 are overweight, according to UNICEF. They can suffer many health issues, especially in adulthood.

Assistant Health Secretary Hugo, who has called soda "bottled poison", has been calling on citizens to cut back on junk food. He said the country's overweight health issue is the fault of a nutritional environment that has been developed to favor those junk food products instead of health.

In addition to Tabasco, Chihuahua state is debating a junk food ban. A federal senator from Oaxaca says he wants to make it a national law. A nationwide law would not be easy. There are powerful commercial interests that don't want it to happen. The business owners' association COPARMEX said the lawmaking “will be a barrier to commercial freedom”.

Public health groups applauded the junk food ban for minors as it is another encouraging step toward nutrition. With their effort, in the rural Oaxacan town, citizens have physically blocked chips and soda delivery trucks from entering, saying they don't want outsiders to bring in junk food. Almost all teenagers there know about health problems related to junk food thanks to the non-profit workshops from the health group. “I'd be annoyed at first,” said 16-year-old Wendy, “but I'd adapt. And maybe I'd think twice and buy fruit or something healthy instead.”

1. What is behind the new urgency to change diets?

A．COVID-19 death cases.	B．Pressure from the public.
C．The nutritional environment.	D．Wide consumption of packaged foods.

2. Some states make a law change to _______ .

A．advocate a healthier lifestyle	B．met healthier food demand
C．cut junk food production	D．win support from young people

3. What did public health groups do about the ban?

A．They tried to win grocers' support.	B．They funded the research on diseases.
C．They stopped the delivery of junk food.	D．They raised citizens' awareness of health issues.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Action to Fight Against Global Health Problem	B．Ways of Losing Weight by Eating Smart
C．Move to Ban Junk Food Sales to Minors	D．Advice on How to Have a Balanced Diet

8 . “We can't play tennis because you don't have a net.” I was standing on a suburban street when Eric, the boy next door, said that to me. Two rackets(球拍)in hand, I felt my face burning and anger spread through my 10-year-old body.

“I don't have net? You don't have net. Your father and mother don't have net,” I yelled, firing at him with what I thought was a hurt. I just had to make him understand that I had plenty of net. Eric was speechless. He admitted that indeed, he and his family had neither a tennis court nor a net, but he seemed unable to make sense of my reaction to this shortcoming.

As a new arrival to the United States, armed with limited English words, I had thought that “net” meant "manners". Eric didn't want to play with me because I lacked good manners. It was only after I stormed home that my brother, who had been in America for a decade, explained where I had gone wrong.

Language barriers are the most common communication barriers. Even when we speak the same language, understanding and being understood can be difficult, not to mention communicating in a foreign language. And confusion and amusement follows-a phenomenon that is common in sitcom(情景喜剧).For example, in a 1970s British sitcom, a foreign student says “squeeze(捏)me”, instead of “excuse me”, to his young principal.

That's the thing with languages. Though the languages are technically the same, the meanings, implications and interpretations of words are different. No two people really speak the same one. But in order to be understood, we should be willing to use more words and expressions and have the patience to find out more about what is happening to get a whole picture of the situation.

1. Why was the author angry?

A．Eric refused to lend him a bat.	B．He thought Eric was rude to him.
C．Eric laughed at his limited English.	D．He had to play tennis without a net.

2. What made the author fail to understand Eric properly?

A．His bad manners.	B．His poor background.
C．His limited vocabulary.	D．His violent character.

3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “stormed” in Paragraph 3?

A．Went angrily.	B．Left hurriedly.
C．Attacked suddenly.	D．Disappeared completely.

4. What does the author think of language barriers?

A．They are worsened by sitcoms.

B．They contribute to cultural differences.

C．They can be overcome by sending and receiving ideas.

D．They exist even between speakers of the same language.

9 . It's easy to understand why early humans domesticated dogs as their new best friends. Domesticated dogs can guard against fierce animals and provide warmth during cold nights. But those benefits only come following domestication. Despite more than a century of study, scientists have struggled to understand what it was that caused the domestication process in the first place.

A new theory given by Maria Lahtinen, a senior researcher, might be able to explain this puzzle. She made this theory when studying the diet of late Pleistocene hunter gatherers in Arctic and sub-Arctic Eurasia. At that time, around 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, the world was in the coldest period of the last ice age.

In cold environments then, as today, humans tended to gain the majority of their food from animals. Nutritional deficiencies came from the absence of fat and carbohydrates, not necessary protein. Indeed, if humans eat too much meat, they can develop protein poisoning and even die. “Because we humans are not fully adapted to a diet that is carnivorous, we simply cannot digest protein very well,” Lahtinen says.

During that time, animals that humans killed for food would have been struggling to live, barely having fat and composed mostly of lean muscle. Using previously published early fossil records, Lahtinen and her colleagues calculated that the animals killed by people in the Arctic and sub-Arctic during this time would have provided much more protein than they could have safely consumed.

Under the tough circumstances of the Arctic and sub-Arctic ice age winter, sharing excess meat with dogs would have cost people nothing. The descendants of wolves that took advantage of such handouts would have become more gentle toward humans over time, and they likely went on to become the first domesticated dogs.

1. What has been confusing scientists in the past century?

A．How domesticated dogs benefited humans.	B．When humans began to domesticate dogs.
C．What led to dog domestication originally.	D．Why early humans made friends with dogs.

2. What does the underlined word “carnivorous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．All-meat

B．Low-fats

C．Fast-changing.

D．Over-cooked.

3. What can be inferred about late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers?

A．They struggled with wolves.

B．They shared meat with dogs.

C．They existed on the earth for about 5,000 years.

D．They had trouble adapting to the cold environment.

4. During the Arctic and sub-Arctic ice age winter, the animals killed by humans_______

A．were al dangerous animals.	B．provided enough fat for humans.
C．became a food source for some dogs.	D．lacked protein needed for a healthy diet.

10 . As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research institutions and government agencies are focusing new money and attention on an idea: artificially cooling the planet, in the hopes of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

That strategy, called solar climate intervention (干预) or solar geoengineering, involves reflecting more of the sun’s energy back into space — abruptly reducing global temperatures in a way that imitates the effects of ash clouds flowing out from the volcanic eruptions. The idea has been considered as a dangerous and fancied solution, one that would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels while exposing the planet to unexpected and potentially threatening side effects, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires floods and other disasters.

But. as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires floods and other disasters, some researchers and policy experts say that concerns about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it, in case the consequence of climate change become so terrible that the world can’t wait for better solutions.

One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols (气溶胶) into the upper layer of the atmosphere. where those particles reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.

“We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet,” he said in an interview. What’s still unclear, he added, is what happens next. Temperature, MacMartin said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects. “What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?” he asked, “What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?”

Another institution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyze hundreds of simulations of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.

1. Why do researchers and government agencies work on cooling the earth?

A．To prevent natural disasters.	B．To win more time to reduce gas emissions.
C．To imitate volcanic eruptions.	D．To encourage more people to bur fossil fuels.

2. What are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?

A．More volcanoes will throw out.

B．More solar energy will go into space.

C．More disasters will endanger the future of the world.

D．People will keep burning fossil fuels to keep warm.

3. What can be inferred from Douglas’ words in an interview?

A．He thinks more research remains to be done.

B．He is optimistic about the effect of cooling the earth.

C．He is concerned about the reduction in agriculture production.

D．He disapproves of the practice of solar climate intervention.

4. What does the underlined words “sweet spot” in the last paragraph mean?

A．The rainfall pattern of a region.

B．The modest drop in temperature.

C．The number of extreme weather events.

D．The injection amount of aerosol.