1 . Kailash knows the thought of public speaking is enough to send many people into a cold sweat-he’s been there. He made his first public speaking in Year 4 at a time when his confidence had been broken down by a bully(霸凌者). He still gets scared thinking about it today because he had to go in front of the whole class and recite a poem that made no sense whatsoever.
By Year 5, Kailash started to hone his skills with the help of his father so that he could run for school captain in Year 6, but he was very shy and he couldn’t speak very well. So he started to practise and practise. That’s a good point for kids-they don’t apply for leadership positions because they are nervous, even though they’d make great leaders.
Kailash went on to score the role of vice-captain, despite his speech not going to plan. He made a joke but he made it so poorly that they laughed at him, not at the joke. But he said making mistakes is a key part of the public speaking learning. Things like that happen and it’s OK. You have to have the confidence to be OK with that and the resilience(弹性)to get back up.
Kailash, who counts a 4000-strong Sydney Opera House crowd and a community-based TEDx event among his public speaking credits, said public speaking skills have huge benefits in day-to-day life, from interacting with teachers to going for a job interview. Public speaking teaches young people to be comfortable in themselves. So it teaches you about self-esteem, to accept who you are. Making eye contact and smiling to connect with your audience are other key steps in pulling off public speaking, along with wearing something that makes you feel comfortable and confident.
1. What does the underlined word “hone” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Test. | B．Review. | C．Perform. | D．Exercise. |
| A．He made it. | B．He failed in it. |
| C．He gave it up halfway. | D．He missed it. |
| A．Conservative. | B．Skeptical. | C．Oppositional | D．Tolerant. |
| A．The benefits of public speaking. |
| B．The importance of eye contact and smiling. |
| C．Kailash’s achievements in public speaking. |
| D．The comfort and confidence suitable clothes bring. |
2 . If you live in certain parts of the world, you will see something magical happen each fall. It is the changing of the color of the leaves on many different trees. Each year deciduous (落叶的) trees go through a process in which their green leaves become bright yellow, gold, orange and red before turning brown and falling onto the ground.
Photosynthesis (光合作用) is the process for trees to make their food taking energy from the sun, water from the ground, and carbon dioxide from the air, they make sugar to “eat” so they can grow into strong, healthy trees. The leaves of a tree are where photosynthesis happens because the chlorophyll (叶绿素) in the leaves is what makes photosynthesis possible. Chlorophyll also has another job—it is what makes leaves green. When the seasons change in places where deciduous trees grow and the days get shorter and the weather gets colder, it is harder for the chlorophyll in the leaves to make the food needed to stay green. So instead of making more food, the leaves start using food they have stored away for this time of year.
As the leaves use the food that has been stored away, cells form at the bottom of each leaf. These cells act like a door between the leaf and the rest of the tree—a door that closes very slowly and doesn’t shut until all the leaf’s food is gone. While this is happening, the colors in the leaves of the trees are able to show through. In fact, the red, yellow, gold and orange colors are hiding in the leaves all summer long. The colors just can’t be seen in the summer because of all the chlorophyll in the leaves.
You might be wondering how the rest of the tree keeps growing when the weather turns cold and the leaves die and fall. Doesn’t the rest of the tree need the food made by the tree’s leaves?
Not really. The tree trunk and branches get food from the roots of the tree. The roots supply water, vitamins and minerals they get from the ground. Trees need sunshine and warm weather to grow, but they also need time to rest like bears that sleep during the winter.
1. Why do leaves change colors?| A．They save some energy to stay alive. |
| B．The chlorophyll stores some food away. |
| C．They have to get used to the cold weather. |
| D．They can’t get enough energy from the sun. |
| A．When there is no sunlight any longer . |
| B．When the food stored away in the leaves is use up. |
| C．When the chlorophyll in the leaves stops working. |
| D．When cells start to form at the bottom of each leaf . |
| A．By getting food from the ground. |
| B．By storing food in their branches. |
| C．By storing food in their roots. |
| D．By making the most use of the dead leaves. |
| A．To study how trees survive in winter. |
| B．To tell about the importance of photosynthesis. |
| C．To explain why leaves change colors. |
| D．To show the changes of trees in the whole year. |
3 . Light pollution is blocking a starry view of the night sky for more than half of people across England, a research has found.
Fifty-seven percent of stargazers(观星者)struggled to see more than 10 stars, while just 2% of participants said they experienced a truly dark sky enabling them to count more than 30, according to the research by the Campaign to Protect Rural England(CPRE). People in the countryside were encouraged to count how many stars they could see with eyes within the constellation(星座)of Orion, which is visible only in the winter months.
Campaigners said the results of the star count, supported by the British Astronomical Association, showed the problem of light pollution and how it affected one of the countryside's most magical sights-a dark, starry night sky. They said the results of the research to map England's night skies suggested more could be done by the government, local councils and the general public to lessen the negative effects of artificial light from streets and buildings.
Emma Marrington, dark skies campaigner at the CPRE, said, “We're hugely grateful to the people who took the time to get out and take part in our star count. But it's deeply disappointing that the vast majority were unable to experience the natural wonder of a truly dark sky blanketed with stars. Without intervention, our night sky will continue to be lost under a covering of artificial light, ruining the health of the natural world.”
She added, “The star count results show just how far-reaching the light from street lights and buildings can be seen. Light doesn't respect boundaries, and careless use can see it spread for miles from cities.”
She suggested better-designed lighting, street light dimming(暗淡)systems and partnight lighting where some street lights are turned off during the small hours should provide an opportunity to limit the damage caused by light pollution, reduce carbon emissions and save money.
1. What effect does the light pollution bring about to England?| A．It leads the stars to disappear. |
| B．It makes the countryside dim. |
| C．It makes the environment terrible. |
| D．It prevents the people seeing stars. |
| A．The overuse of artificial light. |
| B．More and more buildings. |
| C．Less and less outdoor activities. |
| D．The spread of light in the countryside. |
| A．Regretful. | B．Surprised. |
| C．Appreciative. | D．Disappointed. |
| A．Changing the streets' design. |
| B．Turning off lights at night. |
| C．Spreading light further. |
| D．Using street lights wisely. |
4 . Exploring a stadium is interesting. Without a game to focus on, you can actually appreciate the size and design of these places.
Raymond James Stadium
It offers a 75-minute tour showing visitors the inner workings of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers’ home stadium and the field. The stadium store has over 2,000 items. Tours run Mondays through Thursdays. Advance reservations are not required, but because tours may be cancelled, visitors should call (813)350-6500 to confirm a tour is running that day.
Tropicana Field
It offers 90-minute tours on weekdays. Some restricted areas that tour groups visit are the press box and the stadium control room. Guides will point out the stadium’s unique features and the team's history. Occasionally, groups will even see a player rehabbing (康复) or leave their jobs. Tour days vary, so call (813)326-7297 for an updated schedule.
Amalie Arena (圆形运动场)
It offers a behind-the-scenes tour on all Tampa Bay Lighting game days, starting 3.5 hours before the game and lasting an hour. Visitors see every floor of the arena. Tickets to that day’s game are not required. Buy tickets at the Amalie Arena ticket office or through the Tampa Bay Lightning app by clicking “experience”. For more information, call (813)301-6500.
Al Lang Stadium
The 70-minute tour is appropriate for all ages. No footballs, large bags, backpacks, cameras longer than 12 inches or video cameras are permitted on the tour. Please note there is no food available to purchase on site during the tour. All bags need to be searched upon arrival. Call (813)455-4921 to check tour availability on the day you plan to come.
1. Why should visitors call Raymond James Stadium ahead of time?| A．To book the ticket to it. |
| B．To know its inner workings. |
| C．To check if the tour is available. |
| D．To choose the place of it to visit. |
| A．Raymond James Stadium. |
| B．Tropicana Field. |
| C．Amalie Arena. |
| D．Al Lang Stadium. |
| A．In a fashion magazine. |
| B．In a scientific journal. |
| C．In a travel brochure. |
| D．In a sports report. |
There are two reasons why the physical memory dump happens．The first is pretty simple and is to do with the "hardware", and if any of these pieces are not fit for your system, it will cause the physical memory dump．So, if you've recently added any hardware to your PC, then take that out and see if it works．
The other reason is your system, the "registry"．The registry is a big database that operates in the background of Windows, storing all sorts of settings and information about your PC．The problem with the registry is that since it has so many important files inside, it's constantly got hundreds of files open every time you use your PC．And because there are so many files to open at once, Windows is constantly getting confused, leading it to save many of these files in the wrong way．These files go wrong when saved wrongly, making them difficult for your computer to read．However, if it can't read the files at all, it has no choice but to stop everything it's doing and restart your PC．This is why the physical memory dump error appears so easily—because when a registry file is so wrong that it can't be read, your computer needs to refresh itself immediately．
This latter reason for causing the physical memory dump is actually extremely common and the likelihood is that your PC is suffering from it, if you're seeing this error．Luckily, it's also incredibly easy to fix—you just need to use a software tool called a "registry cleaner" to go through the registry and fix all the problems in there．
1. From the text we can infer that ________．
| A．the dump error often happens to your PC |
| B．the dump can be dealt with easily |
| C．only the advanced computers suffers from the error |
| D．the dump error can cause the data in your PC to be lost |
A．the hardware loses its memory
B．your Windows needs to be upgraded
C．you have saved wrong files in the PC
D．you have stored too many files in the PC．
3. What’s problem with the registry when your PC goes wrong?
A．The register can’t read the files correctly．
B．It must open 100 files every time you use your PC．
C．The register doesn’t agree with the database．
D．The register must save many important files inside．
4. What does a registry cleaner means?
| A．A software which can help you save time． |
| B．A software which can remove unnecessary files |
| C．A software which can repair the machine． |
| D．a software which makes your PC down． |
