3 . The sea could be the food bowl of the future. In Jervis Bay, south of Sydney, seaweed, which is rich in fibre and omega 3, is grown and harvested.

Pia Winberg is a marine scientist who runs Australia's first food-grade fanned seaweed company. Her crop is grown alongside mussels (贻贝)and is used as an additive in pasta (意大利面)and other products.

Seaweed is also raised in large tanks, where it absorbs carbon dioxide waste from a wheat processing factory. The business is small, but could help to reduce the ecological footprint of traditional farming.

“We used ten percent of seaweed instead of wheat in breads and pastas, we've eliminated a million hectares of land, we've eliminated all of the carbon dioxide emissions associated with that, and we've also reduced the pressures on very precious fresh water.” said Pia Winberg.

Spiny sea urchins (多刺海胆虫)are another blue economy resource. They can destroy marine habitats, but a recent competition for environmental start-ups in Australia, saw them not as a pest but a delicacy (美味).

Martina Doblin, CEO of Sydney Institute of Marine Science, said, “By 2050 we will have some ten billion people on the planet, and about half the food they eat will come from the ocean. So, we really do need to pay attention to the way that we manage the blue economy-generating wealth from the ocean but in a sustainable (可持续的)way.”

Farming at sea has its challenges. Infrastructure (基础设施)has to be sound, as do supply chains and biosecurity. But get these things right, and the ocean might just be the next great economic frontier.

1. What is the function of the first paragraph?

A．To lead to the main topic.

B．To describe a new kind of seaweed.

C．Tell how important the food safety is.

D．To explain the meaning of blue economy.

2. What can we learn from what Martina Doblin said in paragraph 6?

A．Ocean exploration has made little progress so far.

B．More and more people will die of hunger in the future.

C．More work is needed for a better use of the natural resources.

D．Sea farming will be a good way to solve the coming world food problem.

3. Which word can be used to describe the author's attitude towards sea fanning?

A．Skeptical.

B．Objective.

C．Tolerant.

D．Negative.

4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．How to Protect the Marine Animals

B．Measures to Develop Blue Economy

C．Farming the Sea for the Future of Food

D．Traditional Farming is Gradually Disappearing

4 . Nowadays technologies benefit us a lot in our daily life, but if not properly used, they can affect our health．The bed is supposed to be reserved as a place for sleep, but people tend to read an iPad a lot in bed before they go to sleep．

Charles Czeisler, a professor at Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues got a small group of people for an experiment．For five days in a row, the people read either a paper book or an iPad for four hours before sleep．Their sleep patterns were monitored all night．Before and after each trial period, the people took hourly blood tests to paint a day-long picture of just how much melatonin（褪黑激素） was in their blood at any given time．

When subjects read on the iPad as compared to the paper books, they reported feeling less sleepy at night and less active the following morning．People also took longer to fall asleep on the iPad nights, and the blood tests showed that their melatonin secretion（分泌） was delayed by an hour and a half．

The researchers conclude in today's journal article that given the rise of e-readers and the increasingly widespread use of e-things among children and adolescents, more research into the long-term consequences of these devices on health and safety is urgently needed．Czeisler and colleagues go on, in the research paper, to note "Reading an iPad in bed may increase cancer risk"．

However, software has been developed that can reduce some of the blue light from the screens of phones and computers according to time of day, and there are also glasses that are made to filter（过滤） short wavelengths．While they seem like a logical solution for the nighttime tech users, it needs more research．

1. In Charles Czeisler's experiment, what were all the subjects asked to do?

A．Sit in a row and receive the strict tests．

B．Have their sleep patterns observed all night．

C．Read a paper book and an iPad at the same time．

D．Have their blood tested per hour during the trial．

2. What were the iPad readers likely to do according to the third paragraph?

A．They felt less sleepy and tired in the day．

B．They fell asleep more easily after reading．

C．They became less energetic the next morning．

D．They had a lot more melatonin secretions．

3. What can the special software recently developed do for e-readers?

A．It can remove the blue light from your devices completely．

B．It can help prevent eyes being harmed by short wavelengths．

C．It can weaken the harm done by doing nighttime e-reading．

D．It can be used in all the e-things widely and safely．

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Wrong behaviors before bedtime．	B．New software for night e-readers．
C．No games on the iPad in bed．	D．No e-reading in bed before sleep．

5 . We have a real crisis in this country in the basic understanding of science. It affects our global competitiveness as a country, our national security, and the effectiveness of our social system. The misunderstanding about science is blinding our eyes. 

We know that an awful lot of teachers who are teaching science today have not been properly empowered to do so. School frequently isn’t testing whether you understand something but whether you’re familiar with it. What’s Newton’s second law? You say F=ma, and you get an A. That does not reflect a deep understanding of Newtonian mechanics. Science education is not just a body of facts; it’s a process. To present it with appeal and excitement you need to picture it as a detective story—asking questions, making observations, and collecting evidence. You test and you fail but, you know, failure can lead to discovery.

Another challenge we face is that science is often viewed as too hard, for experts only. But I don’t actually think it’s that difficult. People see science every day. They look outside and see weather and nature. They push a button in their house and the lights go on. Everybody’s dealing with science every day. They just don’t call it that. And it’s important they do. In fact, science is determining the quality and outcomes of their life.

Science needs creativity. And one of the best ways to be creative is to think “out of the box”. However, we need more courage when we come to practice. Take me for example. Very early in my teens I decided to educate myself. That’s why I quit school early and risked everything to start a company. I risked everything I had because I had nothing to lose. I’d rather fail at trying to do something really big than succeed at being medium.

“When’s the right age to think creatively?” you may ask. I’d say in the womb (子宫)! Kids don’t have anxieties about trying to avoid failure. They are full of imagination and much more willing to fail. Just watch a 3-year-old. They touch everything, and if it hurts they don’t touch it again. They learn everything at a breathtaking rate. Start to think out of the box as early as you can, because it’s more likely to take you to places that you can’t predict, schedule and budget for. Do all that when you can bear the insecurity.

1. The author believes that they actually have a problem in________.

A．the security of his nation	B．the understanding of science
C．the global competitiveness	D．the present social system

2. According to the passage, science teachers should ________.

A．train students’ memory for right facts

B．present interesting detective stories

C．focus more on the learning process

D．abandon frequent science examinations

3. Paragraph 3 indicates that _______.

A．science is intended for experts only

B．it’s important to see weather and nature

C．people can determine the quality of life

D．we should realize science is around us

4. What’s the tone of the passage?

A．Questioning.

B．Praising.

C．Complaining

D．Encouraging

6 . What do you usually do to comfort your friends when they are feeling sad or depressed? You probably pat them on the back or shoulder, or maybe you give them a big, warm hug.

We used to think that knowing when and how to comfort others was an ability that only humans have. But scientists have discovered that apes （猩猩）have this ability, too. Two researchers from Emory University in Atlanta, US, went to an Ape Protection Centre in Congo to study bonobos （倭黑猩猩）,which are closely related to humans.

The researchers analyzed the bonobos' reactions after more than 370 cases of stressful situations, such as fights and losing temper, and found that some bonobos rushed to hug those that were screaming after being attacked, just like humans would have done.

However, researchers said that not all bonobos were able to comfort others. In the protection centre, many bonobos are orphans （孤儿）whose mothers were killed by hunters. They were found to be more anxious in times of tension and have greater difficulty controlling their own emotions, malting them worse at reaching out to help friends in need.

"Orphans, who have not had the benefit of a mother helping them handling their emotions, are much worse al comforting others,” Professor Frans de Waal, one of the researchers, told The Telegraph. "Bonobos with moms were able to curb their negative emotional reactions more quickly. Therefore, they pay more attention to others.” This pattern mirrors the way that human children have been found to react. Those who seem more capable of handling their own emotions—for example, the ones who can calm themselves down more quickly after upsetting experiences—are usually better at expressing their concerns for others .

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Orphan bonobos never give a hand to friends.

B．There were 370 bonobos involved in the research.

C．Moms play a significant role in handling kids' emotions.

D．The ability to comfort others is unique to human beings.

2. The underlined word “curb" in the 5th paragraph probably means

A．express

B．observe

C．hide

D．control

3. Where are you most likely to find the passage?

A．A science journal	B．A travel leaflet
C．A literature review	D．A science fiction

4. What's the main purpose of this passage?

A．To uncover the mystery of Apes.

B．To inform readers of a new study.

C．To provide better protection for Apes.

D．To compare human behaviors with Apes.

7 . Hard work really does pay off. Scientists find that perseverance (毅力) leads to better grades and higher achievements in school.

“Being passionate (热诚的) is not enough to ensure academic success,” said researchers, who thought of “courage” as a key to success. This is also regarded as effort in reaching long-term goals, and determination to continue one’s efforts in spite of hardships.

Researchers thought that the finding could help create new training to help children develop the skill and help ensure their future success.

Researchers from the Academy of Finland studied more than 2,000 students from Helsinki. They were followed through their academic career from 12 to 16, from the sixth grade until the ninth grade in local school years. Researchers found that the factor that best predicted courage was related to goals, with previous academic achievements playing no role in developing the skill.

Professor Katariina Salmela-Aro, who led the study, said, “Courage means a young person is really interested in his or her studies and does not give up easily. A key element of courage is high perseverance when facing difficulties and hardships. The important finding is that these factors are the key to success and well-being. Our study shows the power of courage.”

Professor Salmela-Aro also thought it was important to develop new practices and qualities to improve courage in teenagers. She added, “Young people should see everyday school work as part of their life in a broader context and establish achievable goals for themselves. Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks. One must not be discouraged by setbacks, but gain(得到) strength and new energy from them!”

1. What can we learn about the research?

A．It takes at least three years.

B．It helps students make progress.

C．It makes many discoveries.

D．It follows 2,000 students abroad.

2. What should students do according to the researchers?

A．Focus on former grades.

B．Achieve their goals.

C．Try all their best.

D．Forget sadness.

3. What does the underlined word “setbacks” in Paragraph 6 mean?

A．Strengths.	B．Difficulties.
C．Weaknesses.	D．Efforts.

4. Which is the best title of text?

A．Hard work will lead to success

B．Failure is the mother of success

C．Schools should train students’ courage

D．Perseverance is the key to success

8 . Our ability to collect data gets far ahead of our ability to fully use it, yet data may hold the key to solving some of the biggest global challenges facing us today.

Take, for instance, the frequent outbreaks of waterborne diseases as a consequence of war or natural disasters. The most recent example can be found in the country, where roughly 10,000 new suspected cases of cholera(霍乱) are reported each week — and history is filled with similar stories. What if we could better understand the environmental factors that contributed to the disease, predict which communities are at higher risk, and put in place protective measures to stop the spread? Answers to this question and others like it could potentially help us prevent a catastrophe.

As a big data scientist, I studied data from wide-ranging, public sources to identify patterns, hoping to predict trends that could be a threat to global security. Various data streams are important because the ground truth data (such as surveys) is often delayed, limited, incorrect or, sometimes, nonexistent.

For example, knowing the incidence(发生率) of mosquito-borne disease in communities would help us predict the risk of mosquito-spread disease such as dengue, the leading cause of illness and death in the tropics. However, mosquito data at a global (and even national) level is not accessible.

To address this gap, we’re using other sources such as satellite pictures, climate data and population information to forecast the risk of dengue. Specifically, we had success in predicting the spread of dengue in Brazil at the regional, state and city level using these data streams as well as clinical observation data and online searchers that used terms related to the disease. While our predictions aren’t perfect, they show promise.

Similarly, to forecast the flu season, we have found that online searches can complement(补充) clinical data. Because the rate of people searching the internet for flu symptoms often increases during their beginning, we can predict a sharp increase in cases where clinical data delays. All of this shows the potential of big data. The information is there; now it’s time to use it.

1. What do the examples in paragraphs 2 and 4 show?

A．Big data is still hard to get and use.

B．People aren’t skilled at dealing with big data.

C．Big data is not always an imagined method.

D．Catastrophes might be prevented with big data.

2. According to the text, survey data        .

A．is a main form of multiple data streams

B．is an effective way to collect information

C．is sometimes unreliable and unavailable

D．is a timely alternative to multiple data streams

3. What does the underlined part “this gap” in paragraph 5 refer to?

A．The lack of big data on mosquitoes.

B．The lack of different data streams.

C．The risk of an outbreak of a disease.

D．The ignorance of how a disease spreads.

4. What’s the best title of the text?

A．How do we collect and use data?

B．What are the challenges facing us now?

C．How can big data help save the world?

D．What is the answer to preventing catastrophes?

9 . Buying green is now popular with many consumers. We choose environmentally friendly products, and we try to be conscious consumers. However, new research by the University of Arizona has found that it has no positive effect on psychological well-being. It also has a more limited environmental benefit than the other option simply buying less.

The study followed 968 young adults over a number of years. Throughout the study, participants responded to online survey questions about their subjunctive well-being. Their life satisfaction and their psychological distress (悲伤) as well as giving information about their levels of materialism and pro-environmental behaviors.

The study found that reduced consumption, buying less, repairing items instead of replacing them, avoiding impulse purchases and so on were linked to a higher level of personal well-being and a lower level of psychological distress. But green buying did not show such links.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, the study also found that young people with more materialistic values were less likely to engage in reduced consumption. This group did, however, engage with buying green activities. Researcher Sabrina Helm suggests that this may be because buying green is still buying so it still satisfies the materialists urge to accumulate new items. These people are called “green materialists”.

However, green materialists must still deal with the same consumption-related stresses as average materialists. If you buy and own a lot of stuff, it takes up a lot of head space.You have to worry about how to pay for it, and you have to manage all the stuff, worrying about how to keep it safe and how to keep it organized. As Helm notes, “The key is to reduce consumption and not just buy green stuff. Having less and buying less can actually make us more satisfied and happier.”

Understanding how materialistic values affect consumer behaviors, and how those behaviors in turn affect personal well-being is important. However, Helm acknowledges that for many consumers, changing behaviors to consume less will be challenging. “We've been told since childhood that there’s a product for everything and it’s OK to buy and it’s a good thing because that’s how the economy works.” She said.

1. What problem does a green materialist usually have to face?

A．The burden of ownership.	B．Worries about how to stay safe.
C．Stresses from average materialists.	D．The difficulty finding green products.

2. What can we know according to what Helm says in the last paragraph?

A．It’s natural to buy and sell things.	B．It’s important to be wise consumers.
C．It’s good to buy what is needed.	D．It’s not easy to make people buy less.

3. What is the difference between buying less and buying green?

A．Buying green brings more life satisfaction.

B．Buying less is based on materialistic values.

C．Buying less promotes personal well-being.

D．Buying green contributes more to the environment.

4. What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the text?

A．We need to change our consumer culture.

B．Buying less contributes to your happiness.

C．Green consumption is a choice for the planet.

D．Materialistic values affect consumer’s behaviors.

10 . Four years ago, we asked ourselves: what if we could create a shopping experience with no waiting in lines and no checkout? Or could we create a physical store where customers could simply take what they want and go? Our answer to those questions is Amazon Go, where you could experience the idea of “just walk out shopping”.

Amazon Go is a new kind of store with no checkout required. We created the world’s most advanced shopping technology, so you never have to wait in line. With our “just walk out shopping” experience, simply use the Amazon Go app to enter the store, take the products you want, and go! No lines, no checkout.

Our checkout-free shopping experience is made possible by the same types of technologies used in self-driving cars: computer vision, sensor fusion, and deep learning. Our “just walk out technology” automatically detects when products are taken from or returned to the shelves and keeps track of them in your virtual cart（虚拟购物车）. When you’ve done shopping, you can just leave the store. Shortly after, we’ll charge your Amazon account and send you a receipt.

We offer delicious ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack options made fresh every day by our on-site chefs and favorite local kitchens and bakeries. Our selection of foodstuff ranges from bread and milk to cheeses and locally made chocolates. You’ll find well-known brands we love, plus special finds we’re excited to introduce to customers. For a quick home-cooked dinner, pick up one of our chef-designed Amazon Meal Kits, and you can make a meal for two in about 30 minutes.

Our 1,800-square-foot shopping space is conveniently compact(紧凑的), so busy customers can get in and out fast. It is located at 2131, 7th Ave, Seattle, WA, on the corner of 7th Avenue and Blanchard Street. All you need is an Amazon account, a supported smartphone, and the free Amazon Go app.

Amazon Go is currently only open to Amazon employees in our testing program, and will be open to the public soon.

1. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To encourage people to shop online.	B．To tell people of a new concept store.
C．To advise people to work for Amazon.	D．To share a happy shopping experience.

2. How can customers take away the products in Amazon Go?

A．Ordering in advance.	B．Paying by their credit card.
C．Using the Amazon Go app.	D．Opening their own account.

3. In which field are the technologies similar to the one used in Amazon Go?

A．Smartphones.	B．Automatic door.
C．Electric bikes.	D．Self-driving cars.

4. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 4?

A．When Amazon Go opens.	B．Where Amazon Go lies.
C．What Amazon Go sells.	D．How Amazon Go works.