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1 . The history of microbiology begins with Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s. Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses(放大镜)he used to examine cloth, built some of the first-microscopes. He developed technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”.

His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes(微生物). Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.

Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhock’s discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek’s original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.

In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way: “My work, which I’ve done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore; whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed thereof.”

1. Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?
A.trained researcher with an interest in microbiology
B.A curious amateur who made pioneer studies of microbes
C.A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease
D.A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery
2. The underlined phrase “this legacy” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A.the discovery of microbes
B.Pasteur’s theory of disease
C.Leeuwenhoek’s contribution
D.the origin of the tiny organism
3. What does the quote from Leeuwenhock’s letter suggest?
A.He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.
B.He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.
C.He was greatly concerned with improving people’s living conditions.
D.He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress
4. What is the correct order for the following events?
a. Magnifying lenses were built.
b. The “theory of disease” was put forward
c. Microbes were discovered in samples of waters.
d. Leeuwenhoek’s first microscopes were successfully developed.
e. Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.
A.a-d-c-e-bB.d-a-c-e-bC.a-c-d-b-eD.d-a-e-b-c
2021-05-09更新 | 1160次组卷 | 8卷引用:浙江省柯桥中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中检测英语试题
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2 . Wine and beaches, fireworks and music... our readers recommend some fantastic festivals.


Festa delTUva e del Vino, Italy

Set on the beautiful shores of Lake Garda, this grapes and wine festival takes over the small town of Bardolino for four days every October. With local wines, food, art projections, fireworks and live music. people come from miles around to celebrate. First and foremost,it’s about great wine,but it’s worth visiting to soak up the great atmosphere.

Free,1-5 October


Quest festival, Vietnam

This is a weekend camping festival held just a 40-minute drive from Hanoi, bringing together locals and visitors in a celebration of underground live and electronic music culture. Held in the beautiful Son Tinh campsite, there are usually about 30 local and international DJs and 10 bands. There are also workshops, pop-up cafes, fire performances, dancing and much more.

Weekend tickets about £25, 6-8 November


Estiv al Switzerland

This is a free festival of jazz which takes place in the first weekend in July in the pretty squares and lakeside beaches and parks around the southern Swiss town of Lugano. The palm trees and summer air to see some of Europe’s up and coming jazz bands and enjoy Swiss

Free, every July


Irish Redhead Convention, County Cork

A friendly gathering for all red-haired people is held in the small seaside village of Crosshaven where redheads from all over the world take part in light hearted events. There’s live music, art exhibitions, lectures and of course the traditional Parade of Redheads through the village led by the newly crowned Redhead King and Queen.

Free, Every August

1. Jennifer, a girl with red hair, may be interested in ________.
A.Estival.B.Quest festival.
C.Festa deirtlva e del Vino.D.Irish Redhead Convention.
2. What do these four festivals have in common?
A.They offer local food.
B.They have fireworks.
C.They are free of charge.
D.They have music activities.
3. Where can you probably find the text?
A.In a textbook.
B.In a magazine.
C.In a news report.
D.In a research paper.
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3 . Ian McKenna was in third grade when he learned that many kids at his Austin school weren't getting enough to eat at home. He wanted to help, but local volunteer organizations turned him away, saying he was too young. So he decided to find his own solution. For years, he had been gardening with his mother, and they often distributed their extra vegetables to the neighbors. “Why not give the produce to a soup kitchen? Then I thought, I'm good at gardening," says McKenna, now 16. “Why not plant a garden at school, so that kids in need could take food home?"

McKenna persuaded his school to set aside space for a garden; then he asked the community for donations of seeds and equipment. Other students donated their time. Within months, McKenna's garden was producing lettuces, tomatoes, cucumbers and squash for students and their families. Now, seven years later, McKenna's Giving Garden project has expanded to five area schools in addition to his own backyard garden, and he has provided organic produce, enough for 25,000 meals, to Austin families.

For most of his gardening activities, McKenna wears the same T-shirt in different colors, with his personal motto on it: BE A GOOD HUMAN. To him, that means helping in any way you can, no matter what your age. "Even a smile might change someone's life," he says. “It lets them know that they are important. It can make their day."

When COVID-19 hit the U.S., McKenna redoubled his efforts, cooking up to 100 meals to distribute to the hungry on the weekends. When social distancing meant that volunteers couldn't work on community garden plots, he started offering online classes and a gardening hotline so families could grow at home. While gardening is his core focus, McKenna says he is always looking for new ways to help the hungry.

1. What caused Ian's decision to help the kids in his own way?
A.Being rejected by volunteer groups.B.Being good at gardening.
C.A soup kitchen's support.D.His mother's suggestions.
2. What do we know about the Giving Garden project?
A.It helps students only.B.It was started with joint efforts.
C.It is funded by schools.D.It earns great profits every year.
3. Which of the following can best explain Ian's personal motto?
A.Where there is a will, there is a way.B.A small gesture makes a difference.
C.One good turn deserves another.D.Love can break all the barriers.
4. What is the best title of the passage?
A.Ian McKenna, Growing a Food Bank
B.Ian Mckenna, an Experienced Gardener
C.Giving Garden Project, an Impossible Mission
D.Giving Garden Project, a Universal Solution
2021-05-07更新 | 218次组卷 | 5卷引用:福建省龙岩市永定区城关中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题
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4 . My brother, Michael and I are crazy about houses. On Aug 1, 2016, I was driving through the Northern Neck of Virginia with him. We had found an abandoned Italianate farmhouse with weeds up to our waist. When admiring the property my brother rolled up the unlocked garage   door. “Holy smokes!” There sat this Mercedes. Seeing the number 6.9 on its back, I immediately recognized this to be a rare and unique find.

The car’s door was unlocked and in the glovebox, I found insurance papers. It turned out that the owner was a dead country doctor.It took me a year to find his widow’s(寡妇的) address, in Richmond. Twice I made the two-hour drive just to knock on her door, striking out both times. On the third try her neighbor was outside and I was able to get the widow’s phone number.

I logged approximately 25 voice mails,and still nothing.It was, I thought, just bad luck. I called one last time and heard a voice: “Hello?” From that point on, we struck up a friendship.

In July 2018, two years after finding the car, I was ready to buy it from her. We met in the middle — somewhere around what a new Toyota might cost. Still,the night before, I called my brother and said, “I am getting cold feet.” What was I doing buying an old Mercedes? He said, “You are buying that great car. And I promise you, the friendship you will make as a result will make this car worth every penny.” And he was right.

1. Why did the author go to the Northern Neck?
A.To visit his brother.B.To check the house.
C.To buy the unique car.D.To enjoy the beautiful sights.
2. What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs?
A.The author had trouble finding the car owner.
B.The car was the doctor’s only possession.
C.The widow was unwilling to sell the car.
D.The car was in bad conditions.
3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A.He was shocked by the price.
B.He was hesitating to make the decision.
C.He cared about money more than the car.
D.The weather that day was quite cold.
4. What did Michael think of buying the car?
A.It was a waste of money.
B.It would cost a great deal.
C.Buying the car brought good friendship.
D.His brother made a good bargain buying it.
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5 . Located in the southeast of Canada and with a population of approximately 6 million, Toronto is a big and beautiful city, which has developed from a relatively unknown place over the past half century to the center of culture, trade and communication in Canada.

With its colorful ethnic mix, rich history and breathtaking buildings. Toronto offers non-stop adventures to the tourists. To get a sense of how big, various and magical Toronto is, the best place to start is the CN Tower. From this point, visitors can get a bird's-eye view of the city's amazing scenery and unique geography.

In addition to being an important center of culture, trade and communication in Canada, Toronto is also a major muti-ethnic city. It is the most populous city in Canada and its citizens come from countries around the world and from different kinds of ethnic backgrounds. Every day, in most places of the city, a hundred different languages can be heard on the streets, from Hindi to Greek to French. This, perhaps, explains why former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau once said that Canada is a mosaic(嵌合体)of cultures and languages rather than a melting pot.

Street signs in Toronto are mostly in English. Weekly and daily newspapers are published in various languages, and the city hosts the successful international film festival each September. It is also home to a popular baseball team the Toronto Blue Jays. Toronto has something for everyone.

Moreover, Toronto has been rated one of the most livable cities in the world by United Nations Human Settlements Programme for many years. At the same time, Toronto is one of the safest, richest cities in the world with the highest standard of living.

1. What's the purpose of the text?
A.To draw more tourists to Toronto.
B.To introduce something about Canada.
C.To introduce some famous sights of Toronto.
D.To tell us how Toronto develops from the past.
2. What can we know about Toronto from the text?
A.Toronto is in the center of Canada.
B.Toronto is a city with a history of half a century.
C.The street signs in Toronto are all written in English.
D.From the top of the CN Tower we can see the whole Toronto.
3. How does the author like Toronto?
A.It's worth visiting.
B.It's just a common city in Canada.
C.There are too many foreigners in the city.
D.There aren't many places of interest to visit.
4. Where is this text most likely from?
A.A personal diary.B.A news report.
C.A tourist handbook.D.A student's notebook.

6 . I have learned something about myself since I moved from Long Island to Florida three years ago. Even though I own a home in Port St. Lucie just minutes from the ocean, every winter an uncontrollable urge(冲动) wells up to fly back to Long Island even as others make their way south. I guess I am a snowbird stuck in reverse(反向).

Dulled by Florida's mild winters, I willingly suffer the cold weather on Long Island, the place I called home for 65 years. I'm like a bird that has lost its sense of timing and direction, my wings moving against routine.

So what makes me fly against the habits of snowbirds? The answer has a lot to do with my unwillingness to give up the things that define(给...下定义) who I am. Once I hear that the temperature on Long Island has fallen into the range of 40 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit, I begin to long for the sight and sound of a wood fire. I also long for the display of colours—first in the fall trees, and then in the lights around homes and at Rockefeller Center. Floridians decorate, too, but can't create the special feel of a New England winter. Moreover, when I return I can celebrate the holidays with people I haven't seen in months. What could be better than sitting with family and friends for a Thanksgiving turkey dinner, or watching neighbours' children excitedly open gifts on Christmas? Even the first snowfall seems special.

While these simple pleasures are not unique to Long Island, they are some of the reasons I comeback. Who says you can't go home? I know I will be ordering a ticket this very night and cured of homesick(思乡病) tomorrow.

1. What does the author think of his life in Florida?
A.Exciting.B.Relaxing.C.Painful.D.Boring.
2. Why does the author compare himself to a snowbird stuck in reverse?
A.He has lost his sense of direction.
B.He'd rather go north in winter.
C.He hates travelling by plane.
D.He likes snow very much.
3. The author uses Paragraph 3 to      .
A.describe his hometown's fall scenes.
B.show how he loves family gatherings.
C.explain why he wants to return to his hometown.
D.compare the difference between Florida and Long Island.
4. What is the author going to do tonight?
A.Book a flight.B.Go to the doctor's.C.Eat with his family.D.Check into a hotel.

7 . If you're British or live in a Commonwealth nation, Christmas doesn't end on December 25.The day after Christmas is known as Boxing Day, and the relaxing holiday is a chance to allow the celebration for one more restful day.

But its name has nothing to do with the sport of boxing, and unlike the popular idea, did not appear from a need to return unwanted gifts or clean up trash produced by Christmas gifting.

There are several theories as to how that charitable tradition became known as "boxing".Some historians link the use of the term to boxes of donations that were laid in churches during the pre-Christmas season of Advent in the early days of Christianity during the second and third centuries A.D.The day after Christmas, the boxes were opened and the money was given away to the poor.

Another possible story for Boxing Day has to do with a tradition that formed in 19th century Victorian England, where servants sacrificed(牺牲)time with their own families to cater to their employers on Christmas.On the day after Christmas, employers would give the servants a rare day off and send them home with leftovers from the family's Christmas feast for their service.

Though the reasons are lost to history, Boxing Day charity eventually fell out of tradition---and was replaced with physical and material pleasures.Today, the holiday is linked with sports, with major football rugby, and cricket matches and horse races taking place on December 26.

December 26 is also a big shopping day throughout the UK and the Commonwealth.The holiday kicks off what is known as " Boxing Week" , during which retailers(零售商)try to move old stock and shoppers compete for one last bargain of the year.In recent years, though, the American tradition of Black Friday---massive sales that take place the day after Thanksgiving each November---has become popular in the United Kingdom and has largely overshadowed Boxing Week.

1. What kind of festival was Boxing Day probably in the beginning?
A.A charitable festival.B.A religious festival.
C.A sports festival.D.A business festival.
2. What does the underlined part "cater to" in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Take care of.B.Depend on.
C.Put up with.D.Pick up.
3. How is Boxing Week going in the United Kingdom recently?
A.It has become an online shopping day.
B.It has been replaced by Black Friday.
C.It only covers popular sports events.
D.It has become less important than before.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A.When Did Boxing Day Come into Being?B.Why Did People Celebrate Boxing Day?
C.How Is Black Friday Celebrated in the UK?D.Why Is Black Friday Popular in the UK?
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8 . It’s easy to assume that a vacation to Bali will cost a small fortune. There are plenty of accommodations, food and local transportation, and even the spas offer massages and treatments at value prices. However, you can easily spend a week or two in Bali for under $2,000, without having to sleep on the beach. Here are a few things to consider when planning Bali on a budget.

What is the best time to visit Bali on a budget?

If you’re on a budget, consider visiting Bali during the lower, wetter season, which runs from October through March. The crowds will be fewer, and both hotel rates and flights from abroad are often cheaper, except during the holiday period between mid-December and early January, when crowds swell. The only trade-off for the lower prices is the wet season. This time of year isn’t always ideal for sunbathing, and serious rainfall can make outdoor activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing. That said, even during rainy season, it doesn’t usually rain all day long. Expect bursts of sunshine between the storms.

What is the cheapest way to get around Bali?

The absolute cheapest way to get around Bali is by local bus, but it can take a long time. There are also tourist buses, including hop-on, hop-off options, that travel between different hubs across the island. Bali is well-served by taxis, both of the car and motorbike variety, and the prices tend to be affordable by international standards. Most drivers will offer you a fixed rate for full-day hires or to get from point A to point B, rather than using a meter.

Remember to bargain; doing so is particularly easy when a driver is on his own rather than at a taxi stand.

How much does food cost in Bali?

If you’re into fine dining, you can end up spending a large chunk of your budget on food. Eating at the average restaurant geared towards tourists is the best way to have a meal in Bali on a budget. A good meal should cost you around 100,000 rupiah (around $7), but if you’re willing to subsist mostly off of local specialties such as nasi goreng (fried rice) and eat at local restaurants, you can expect to pay around 30,000 rupiah ($2) to get fed. Best of all, most hotels and guesthouses in Bali come with free breakfast, and many offer heavier options of noodles and meat that may keep you full until lunch.

1. Which of the following situation can be best described by the underlined word trade-off in paragraph 2?
A.Jack got a reward after he returned the lost bag to its owner.
B.Lily spent much money buying some handicrafts at the local fair.
C.Wendy cancelled her trip in order to prevent the spread of the virus.
D.Sam was scolded by his parents for what he did in school last night.
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.It’s better for outdoor enthusiasts to visit Bali during the off season.
B.Passengers had better fix the price with drivers before the taxi pulls out from the station.
C.If on a tight budget, one is advised to visit Bali at the end of December every year.
D.It’s relatively economical to eat merely at average restaurants tailored to visitors.
3. In which column of a magazine can you most probably find this passage?
A.City and Transport.B.Travel and Recreation.
C.Nature and Environment.D.Food and Health.

9 . I was born with eye disease. At school I even couldn’t read the blackboard. By the time I got to university, I couldn’t really see images(图像) at all. I just can tell the difference between light and dark. In the first year of my PHD, I was almost 100% blind.

When I was young I used to get very angry if I encountered something I found difficult or couldn’t do because of my eyes. But over time I learned that wasn’t a helpful response. There’s no point getting wound up by the fact that I can’t see, because it won’t change it.

I started climbing when I was young. My dad took me up my first rock route(路线) when I was two. All my early climbing was outdoor traditional climbing. My dad had been in the Mountain Rescue and was part of Mountaineering Club, so we would go for weekends away climbing throughout the UK.

He taught me everything I know and I led my first route outside when I was 11. At this time I could just about see well enough to place rock gear(齿轮), but not well enough to pick out the routes from the ground. People are usually amazed when they discover that not only do I climb, but I also lead climbs.

At university I joined the Mountaineering Club and was able to climb much more frequently. We had regular trips to indoor walls and weekends away outdoors. I developed a great circle of climbing friends and went on multiple trips to Europe. On these I started Alpine climbing and ice climbing too.

There was a time when I thought I might have to give up leading as my eyesight got worse. But I never thought I would stop climbing. I just learnt to adapt myself to the eye disease with the support of my friends. It’s quite possible that I wouldn’t be as good a climber if I weren’t blind — if I didn’t have these challenges. That concentration and determination is built through my disability.

1. How did the author eventually respond to his eye problem?
A.He ended up feeling annoyed.B.He accepted it and faced it bravely
C.He sought help from othersD.He quit his study at university.
2. What can we learn about the author’s father from Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A.He was a professional climber at university.
B.He ran his own mountaineering club.
C.He taught his son to do outdoor climbing.
D.He introduced his son to a love of rocks.
3. What does the author believe contributed to his success in climbing?
A.His disability.B.His university.
C.His father.D.The Mountaineering Club.
4. Which of the following can be the best title?
A.A Blind Man’s Life Struggle.B.Mountain Climbing Experience.
C.Courses on Rock Climbing.D.Determination and Experience.
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10 . European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from moon dust. The process could provide a major source of oxygen for humans taking part in moon exploration activities in the future.

Researchers from the European Space Agency, or ESA, carried out the experiments at a laboratory in the Netherlands. They reported their results in a study published in Planetary and Space Science.

The team says ESA’s experimental “plant” was able to successfully produce oxygen from simulated moon dust. The dust is part of a material known as regolith (月壤),a top layer of dirt and rock pieces that sit on the surface of the moon.

Samples of regolith from the moon have confirmed that the material contains about 45 percent oxygen by weight. However, the oxygen is chemically locked in the form of minerals or glass, so it is not easily available for use. Having real samples of regolith from the moon made it possible for the researchers to create the simulated moon dust material used during testing.

The oxygen extraction (提取)process is carried out using a method called molten salt electrolysis (熔盐电解). This involves first placing the regolith in a metal container. Calcium chloride salt is added to the mixture, which is then heated to 950 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the regolith remains solid. Next, an electrical current                                               is passed through the material. The researchers say it is this step that results in oxygen being extracted from the regolith. The study reported that up to 96 percent of oxygen in the simulated moon dust was extracted during                                               the experiments.

ESA’s long-term   goal is to design an oxygen -producing “pilot plant” to operate full-time on the moon. The first technology demonstration of the system is expected to take place in the middle of 2020s.

The researchers reported that “as a bonus”,the process also results in the production of usable metallic materials.

1. What can benefit from the process?
A.The treatment of some patients.B.The environment of the moon.
C.Future moon exploration activities.D.Future experiment in the laboratory.
2. Why is oxygen in the regolith hard to use?
A.It exists in the form of solid.
B.It only exists on the surface.
C.It is mixed with other materials.
D.It is locked in a metal container.
3. What step makes oxygen extracted from the regolith?
A.Adding calcium chloride salt to the mixture.
B.Placing the regolith in a metal container.
C.Passing an electrical current through the material.
D.Heating the metal container to 950 degrees Celsius.
4. What does the underlined word “simulated” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A.Mixed.B.Copied.C.Exposed.D.Abandoned.
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