1 . Going green seems to be fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My life and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyle. We now shop at organic stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
1. It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because_________.| A．they were expected to follow the green fad | B．they didn’t know how to educate other people |
| C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy | D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks |
| A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits. | B．They ignored others’ ungreen behavior. |
| C．They chose better chemical cleaners. | D．They sold their home-made food. |
| A．The government will give support to the green people. |
| B．The couple may continue their project in the future. |
| C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas. |
| D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign. |
| A．They never bought meat. |
| B．They cleaned their home by using chemical cleaners. |
| C．They tried to make some food for themselves. |
| D．They sold the things they don’t need on the Internet. |
2 . The United States has about 475,000 school buses ---all painted yellow. Each day they carry more than 25,000,000 children, half of all schoolchildren in the country. But these buses, on average, use four liters of diesel （柴油） fuel to travel less than sixteen kilometers. When the school year began last fall, diesel averaged 55 cents a liter nationally. The price nearly doubled, to a dollar and 8 cents, by the end of school in June.
Bob Riley speaks for the American School Bus Council. He says fuel prices for schools are not much lower than others have to pay. As a result, schools are looking for ways to reduce transportation costs. Bus routes are being redrawn or, in some cases, canceled. Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels. Other steps include fewer field trips and less travel by sports teams. And some school districts may end any bus service not required by law.
Studies show that school buses are the safest form of transportation to and from school. The American School Bus Council says cuts in bus service are bad for children and possibly the environment. It says removing buses from the road will mean an increase in other vehicles transporting students. Spokesman Bob Riley says another concern is that reducing bus services might reduce attendance.
But it could also get more children to walk or bicycle to school. And that would surely make people happy at the National Center for Safe Routes to School. More kids walking or biking safely to school is the aim of a three-year-old federal program, part of an international movement. The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. The United States will celebrate Walk to School Day on October eighth this year. But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walk-to-school day.
1. What does this passage mainly tell us?| A．High fuel prices’ influences on school buses. |
| B．New measures to transport school students. |
| C．The safest form of student transportation. |
| D．The origin of Walk to School Day. |
| A．Cuts in bus service will have negative results. |
| B．The US government is encouraging cuts in bus services. |
| C．The US schools are searching for the safest transportation means. |
| D．Reducing bus service will do a lot of good to the environment. |
| A．changing some bus routes |
| B．stopping some bus routes |
| C．asking parents to drive children to and from school |
| D．using other types of fuels |
| A．save more fuels and diesel for the country |
| B．keep the children safe on their way to school |
| C．make the children live a simple life |
| D．keep the children healthy and the environment clean |
3 . The Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院) fire has been put out, but its wooden roof have been largely damaged. The terrible accident causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world, “What a pity that we cannot see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore.”
But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them, namely via a video game called Assassin's Creed: Unity. In this game, the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality, and see Notre Dame as it was before the fire. In addition, with VR technology, which is already quite mature, one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it is still there. Maybe digital technology could help to better protect architectural cultural heritage.
The idea of digitizing ancient buildings, making digital models of them so their data can be saved, dates back to the 1990s and the necessary technology has continued to advance since then. By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers, building 3D models with hundreds of images, as well as measuring everything precisely, engineers can make a copy as “same” as the real one.
As computers and smartphones are hugely popular，the digital replica or digital copy has great pratical value. First, it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics without touching them, which helps protect them. The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example of this as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them. Furthermore, it can make the digitized cultural relics more famous by spreading awareness about them via the Internet. In 2000, a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo, which increased the number of foreign tourists visiting it in the following years. Above all, it preserves all the information of the cultural relics. Even if the original ones are damaged one day, people can still know what they were like and can build a replica if desired.
Time is the biggest problem to architectural heritage. Maybe we will have better technologies in the future，but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.
1. Which of the following statement is true?| A．The big fire has damaged the whole Notre Dame. |
| B．Only people in Paris felt pain for losing Notre Dame. |
| C．The damaged parts of Notre Dame have already been repaired. |
| D．A video game can help people see the original look of Notre Dame. |
| A．Scan the photos of the buildings | B．Build 3D models of full size. |
| C．Improve the technology needed. | D．Measure all the parts exactly. |
| A．By comparison. | B．By listing data. |
| C．By giving examples. | D．By classification. |
| A．The Damage of Notre Dame |
| B．The Value of Digital Replica |
| C．VR Technology Helps Repair the Cultural Relics |
| D．Digital Technology Helps Protect Ancient Buildings |
4 . Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Most Chinese hotels often provide guests with things like disposable (一次性的) toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo and slippers.
Many guests like the idea because they don't have to bring their own. But, if you travel to Beijing, remember to bring your own things. Starting from June, some hotels in Beijing will no longer provide guests with these disposables. They want to ask people to use less disposable things.
Many disposable things are made of plastic. People throw them away after only using them once. It is a waste of natural resources (资源) and is very bad for the environment. Do you know, one Chinese person makes as much as 400kg of waste a year! Most of that waste comes from disposable things. In Beijing, people throw away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of plastic lunch bowls every year! Plastic can take between 100 and 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw out, the better. So, wherever you travel, bring your own things and use them again and again.
Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these things in your daily life: Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones. After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then you can use it over and over again. Do not use paper cups. At your school canteen（食堂）, use your own bowl and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.
1. Why do many hotels provide guests with some disposable things?| A．Let their guests be convenient during their travelling. |
| B．Hope their guests use less disposable things. |
| C．Wish their guests to save money. |
| D．Want their guests to use more disposable things. |
| A．cheap food and drink | B．disposable things |
| C．good service | D．free TV programmes. |
| A．Many disposable things are made of plastic. |
| B．Throwing disposable things away is a waste of natural resources. |
| C．Plastic is very bad for the environment. |
| D．Plastic breaks down easily. |
| A．Use shopping bags made of plastic. |
| B．Do not throw away paper cups. |
| C．Use disposable plates, bowls and chopsticks. |
| D．Do not forget to reuse daily necessities（日用品）. |
5 . Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Some places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in1964. It happened in Alaska.
Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2,000 people died.
In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.
One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 830, 000 people were killed. This earthquake happened in 1556.
Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for them.
1. We can infer from the passage that .| A．people are not afraid of earthquakes |
| B．only strong earthquakes kill a large number of people |
| C．earthquakes happen only in a few places along the coast |
| D．a large number of earthquakes often happen next to mountains |
| A．500. | B．About 2,000. |
| C．830,000. | D．140,000. |
| A．1964 ; Alaska. | B．1923; Japan. |
| C．1556; China. | D．1976; China. |
| A．Earthquakes can cause fires. |
| B．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly. |
| C．The stronger the earthquake is, the more are killed. |
| D．People still don’t know when an earthquake will come. |
6 . Phrases like “good sharing!” and “great job on the slide!” echo across American playgrounds. Coaches pass out ribbons to every participant. Scholar publishes a series called “I’m Special!” assuring readers that the ability to play with friends and sing songs makes them special indeed.
We’ve been told that high self-esteem is the key to children’s happiness and success, and we’ve been praising and protecting them ever since. But has the self-esteem movement gone too far? Many experts argue that instead of raising healthy high achievers, maybe we’re raising a generation of narcissists(自我陶醉者). “Our old concepts of self-esteem(自尊) are old-fashioned, and parents need to send the concept to the trash heap of all things outdated and useless,” says Aaron Cooper, co-author of I Just Want My Kids to be Happy.
While experts used to blame low self-esteem for everything from bad grades to criminal behavior, research has shown that inflated (膨胀的)self-esteem is more often the criminal. An article called “Rethinking Self-Esteem” by Roy made a stir when he supposed that criminals and drug abusers actually had higher self-esteem than the general population. Martin and Ervin found that the modern habit of constant praise was turning kids skeptical and unmotivated. And esteemed child development expert T. Barry recently wrote in The New York Times that the phrase “self-esteem” had lost its meaning. Parents just want their children to have a positive self-image. And while it’s easy to make fun of the extremes of the self-esteem movement, it’s difficult to walk the fine line between acquiring self-respect and self-centeredness.
Anyway, make it clear that while you have expectations for their behavior, you love and accept them unconditionally. True self-esteem isn’t about a steady stream of applause; it develops when children know their limits and responsibilities, are given enough opportunities to challenge themselves, and feel secure that they’re loved even when they fail.
1. What’s the purpose of using phrases like “good sharing!” and “great job on the slide!”?| A．To attract readers’ attention. | B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To give the author’s opinion. | D．To tell readers the key to happiness and success. |
| A．Children with high esteem are likely to be high achievers. |
| B．In children’s development high self-esteem plays a positive role. |
| C．High self-esteem makes kids motivated nowadays. |
| D．High self-esteem does harm to kids in a way. |
| A．give them constant praise unconditionally. |
| B．let them shoulder all their responsibilities. |
| C．offer them support even though they fail. |
| D．have high expectations for their behavior. |
| A．Subjective. | B．Positive. |
| C．Objective. | D．Negative |
7 . The Healthy Habits Survey (调查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
● Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
● Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
● Finding: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.
● Step: We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day—often inviting germs (病菌) to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
● Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
● Step: Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
1. What is found out about American seniors?| A．Most of them have good habits. |
| B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week. |
| C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected. |
| D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day. |
| A．twice a day | B．three times a day |
| C．four times a day | D．eight times a day |
| A．We should keep from touching our faces. |
| B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth. |
| C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet. |
| D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle. |
8 . Residents(居民) in the poorest areas in the U.S. face a life expectancy(平均寿命) up to decade shorter than those in the wealthiest areas, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health.
Researchers from East Tennessee State University wanted to better understand how socioeconomic status was associated with health outcomes. To find out, they divided the country’s 3,141 areas into 50 new “states” (with 2 percent of the areas in each) based on household income rather than on geography.
The researchers broke down the data by county（郡，县） since they found state-level data may hide some “effect of socioeconomic differences on both the best-off and worst-off counties.” They then examined health data from the wealthiest and poorest “states” (top and bottom 2 percent) to see how residents differed on factors like smoking, clinical care and excessive(过多的) drinking. Researchers found that there was nearly a 10-year gap in the life expectancy of men with an average of 79.3 years in the wealthy counties compared to 69.8 years in the poorest. For women, the difference was slightly less：83 years in the wealthiest counties and 76 years in the poorest.
The study authors were cautious that while they found a connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, they did not analyze cause and effect. But they suggest that the data shows how policy makers should not just focus on state-wide initiatives (主动性) but more targeted efforts to help those most at risk. “With limited resources, methods of knowing the poorest areas exactly can be quite significant in the equal distribution (分配)of resources and programs to those communities that are in the greatest need,’’ the study authors wrote.
1. How did Researchers divide the areas?| A．By social status | B．By income |
| C．By health | D．By living places |
| A．The women difference is less than the man in life expectancy. |
| B．The wealthiest “state” like hiding their wealth. |
| C．Most health data is unbelievable. |
| D．Most poorest “state” smoke and drink a lot. |
| A．The researchers think their study is perfect. |
| B．People still don’t know the cause of life expectancy. |
| C．The government should learn something from the study. |
| D．The American resources distribution is not fair at all. |
| A．Ways to have a long life expectancy |
| B．Great income differences in the USA |
| C．The health problem in the USA |
| D．Men in richest 10 years longer in poorest |
9 . Healthy Habits，Healthy Body
Feel tired lately？ Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you？ Perhaps he sent you to a hospital，but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then，consider this： you might be in a state of subhealth(亚健康).
Subhealth，also called the third state or gray state，is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.
According to the investigation by the National Health Organization，over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middleaged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam weeks.
Symptoms(症状) include a lack of energy，depression (压抑)，slow reactions，insomnia (失眠)，agitation，and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath，sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth，according to some medical experts， is to form good living habits，alternate work and rest，exercise regularly，and take part in openair activities.
As for meals，people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables， fruit and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements－vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body.
Nutrition(营养) experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化系统).They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.
1. According to this passage，which of the following is RIGHT？| A．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should stay home and keep silent. |
| B．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine. |
| C．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should have yourself examined in foreign countries. |
| D．When you are in a state of subhealth，you should find out the reasons and relax yourself. |
| A．they have used up their energy |
| B．they have lost their living hopes |
| C．they have more pressure in life and work |
| D．they begin to get older |
| A．work hard |
| B．sleep more |
| C．form good living habits |
| D．take more medicine |
| A．we should never eat meat |
| B．we should have a variety of food |
| C．we should eat less than usual |
| D．we should have meals without salt and sugar |
10 . It is 2018; e-books are loved by many people. Do you read them?
An e-book is an electronic book, which can be made from common books and loaded onto an e-reader. The e-reader is a mini-device, just like a cell-phone. It has a touch pad screen and can hold a few hundred e-books. People can read e-books on it just like they do a book. So it is possible for people to read anywhere with an e-reader. This is perfect news for people who love to read books but can’t carry many.
Another great thing is that people can read books on it quickly and there’s no need for two hands to hold the book and turn pages. Most e-readers also have a nightlight, so you can read at night and don’t wake your partner with a big light on.
Not all book authors agree to make their books into e-books. The creator of Harry Potter says that her books will never be e-books. However, lots of authors absolutely love the idea and feel it’s the next step to keep books alive.
Nowadays e-books are sold in many websites, from where you can buy and load them onto your e-reader. Those websites look just like ordinary online bookstores and have a list of best sellers and a new book section. There is also a clear price on each e-book to make sure people can buy them like buying common books.
1. According to the passage, we know ________.| A．an e-book can be read through an e-reader |
| B．some e-readers don’t have a touch pad and a nightlight |
| C．an e-reader is a certain book for people to read |
| D．e-books will replace common books |
| A．People can read e-books anywhere if carrying an e-reader. |
| B．An e-reader can hold many e-books. |
| C．It is convenient for people to read on e-readers. |
| D．E-books are popular in class now. |
| A．there are many e-books | B．e-books are cheap |
| C．not all author love e-books | D．many authors love e-books |
| A．buy e-books from some websites | B．download e-books from any websites |
| C．get e-books from book authors | D．buy e-books from ordinary bookstores |
