1 . Unselfish behavior was considered more morally right than selfish, but both behaviors were judged to be more moral and less deserving of punishment if the majority exhibited them than if they were uncommon. The commonness of the selfish behavior also affected the participants’ willingness to themselves pay to punish selfishness.
It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished if ________.
| A．they can’t play “public goods game” |
| B．invest the money to benefit group members |
| C．they behave differently from the majority |
| D．they keep the money for themselves |
2 . Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.
What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
| A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. |
| B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. |
| C．The work on health is the most valuable experience. |
| D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. |
3 . Travel with Your Pet to Whistler , Canada !
Pet Friendly Whistler !
We want to help you bring your cat or dog on vacation to Whistler!
Check out our Store! These are innovative, healthy ideas for your pet!
There are so many beautiful parks in Whistler to go hiking in with your dog! What a destination! Check the fun page! How about a beauty treatment? But first you need a place to stay! This area is a wonderland of fun. Now bringing your dog up requires some thought and planning. Please check out the hotels page for pet friendly hotels!
Who might be interested in this webpage?
| A．People who adopt animals as pets. | B．People who would like to travel with pets. |
| C．People who train pets to do some work. | D．People who are animal lovers. |
4 . Unfortunately, there isn’t a single gadget or app that can take care of backing up for you. But what I recommend is that you should aim to have two different sorts of back-up: one online, and one offline.
Which statement is the author most likely to agree with?
| A．It is advisable to keep two copies of data online. |
| B．There is no once-and-for-all data back-up strategy. |
| C．Storing data online is not as trustworthy as storing offline. |
| D．Online data storage runs a risk of a breakdown in digital devices. |
The condition is simple. Learn something new, and within a short period of time you’ll forget much of it. Repeat a learning session a day later, and you’ll remember more. Repeat a session two days after that, and you’ll remember even more. The key is to steadily increase the time intervals between relearning sessions.
Forgetting is an essential part of learning. Relearning strengthens earlier memories. Relearning creates different context and connections. According to Carey, “‘Some breakdown’ must occur for us to strengthen learning when we revisit the material. Without a little forgetting
According to Ebbinghaus’ chart, we conclude that ________.
| A．the best time to avoid forgetting is the sixth day after learning |
| B．we usually forget most of what we’ve learned on the sixth day |
| C．forgetting really exists almost in the whole process of learning |
| D．what has been learned will be forgotten completely in any case |
6 . A study was conducted with people who wanted to purchase a car to determine their ability to assess the opportunity cost of that purchase. When asked “If you buy this car today, what will you not be able to do in the future as a result?”, the majority said, “If I buy this SUV today, I will not be able to buy a sports car tomorrow.”
According to the passage, the opportunity cost in consumption field refers to ________.
| A．the cost to pay for various opportunities |
| B．what a person is willing to give up if he buys a specific item |
| C．the opportunities to invest in costly items |
| D．the comparison of prices of the same item from different sources |
7 . It is hard to imagine that many people are stupid enough to want children because it looks so fantastic — most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it is interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting a part of the way celebrities live might make us look just a little bit like them.
Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
| A．Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms. |
| B．Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child raising. |
| C．Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life. |
| D．We sometimes neglect the happiness from child raising. |
8 . Lucy M. Calkins, a professor at Columbia University’s Teachers College and a much-respected expert on how to teach reading, has drawn attention with an eight-page essay. Here is part of her argument: “The important thing is to teach kids that they needn’t freeze when they come to a hard word, nor skip past it. The important thing is to teach them that they have resources to draw upon, and to use those resources to develop endurance.”
Both sides agree that children need to acquire the vocabulary and background information that gives meaning to words. But first, they have to pronounce them correctly to connect the words they have learned to speak.
Calkins said in her essay: “Much of what the phonics people are saying is praiseworthy,” but it would be a mistake to teach phonics “at the expense of reading and writing.”
The two sides appear to agree with her on that.
It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
| A．phonics approach has been proved to be successful |
| B．children don’t shy away from difficulties in reading |
| C．the two reading approaches might integrate with each other |
| D．reading and writing are much more important than phonics |
9 . Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
| A．Comfort. | B．Security. |
| C．Price. | D．Location. |
10 . Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a straight-A student knows, but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child, “You’re so smart!” may be counterproductive. Why? According to a 2017 study, children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back（重新振作）from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.
In the study, researchers looked at 123 children. The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a “growth mindset”(believing that you can work harder to get smarter), or a “fixed mindset” (believing that your intelligence is unable to change). They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded. During the recording, researchers noted that brain activity stopped within a half-second after making a mistake, as children became aware of their mistake and paid closer attention to what went wrong. The larger the brain response was, the more the child focused on the mistake. Based on the data, they concluded that children with a “growth mindset” were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake. While children with a “fixed mindset” were able to “bounce back”, only if they gave their full attention to the mistake.
For parents, the lessons are clear. Don’t pay your children compliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed. If your child hands you an A+ score, don’t say, “You’re so smart!” Instead, say, “Wow, that studying really paid off!” or “You clearly mastered this material-way to go!” Note the effort, not the intelligence.
Besides, many parent shy away from addressing a child’s mistakes, telling them “It’s OK. ”You’ll get it next time. ” without offering them the chances to figure out what goes wrong. Instead, it’s better to reassure your children that mistakes happen, and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.
1. Which of the following best explains “counterproductive” underlined in paragraph 1?| A．Opposite | B．Competitive |
| C．Successful | D．Unknown |
| A．They made fewer mistakes. | B．They tried to avoid mistakes |
| C．They had smaller brain response | D．They focused more on the mistake. |
| A．You are so careless |
| B．Paying compliments to children |
| C．You’ll get it the next time |
| D．Let’s find out how you made it. |
| A．Overstressing the intelligence. |
| B．Pay compliment to children. |
| C．Addressing children’s mistakes. |
| D．Offering chances to find mistakes. |
