3 . 短文填空

While studying at home, I     1     (负责一个调查) on “self­discipline” .     2     (我发现我的大多数同学很难集中精力听课). Some were addicted to cellphone games; some     3     (喜爱网络小说), others just didn’t get used to online courses. To deal with the problem, I asked my parents for help. They recommended I     4     (hold) an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do     5     (以至于一切很顺利). Three months later, I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self­discipline.

4 . 语法填空

Like many other     1    (teenager), Li Hua is quite content     2    (have) his own room at home. So it is obvious that he prefers living alone to     3    (share) a room with others. Though he is addicted     4     maths, he finds it hard and confusing. He feels     5    (challenge), but he will not quit and will find a solution to     6    (improve) his maths. After he debated with his parents     7     whether he should take extra hours to learn it, his parents recommended him     8    (choose) a course about maths after school. To his joy, his friend volunteers     9    (help) him improve maths.

5 . 根据汉语提示补全短文

One day, I     1     (正在街上闲逛) when I saw an advertisement about adult education classes. As a 78­year­old man, I raised my head, wore a smile, and     2     (稳稳地走进了教师办公室 ).“    3     (很抱歉打扰您), but I want to sign up for the class,” I said. A woman teacher well past forty, widened her eyes, surprise written all over her face. “Of course, gentleman, welcome, ” she responded after a pause. “Come with me, please!” Entering the classroom, I sat down and felt a sense of pride. “    4     (对于一个真正的学习者来说，学习永远都不会太晚),” I whispered to myself.

9 . Recent experiments by psychologists at the University of Pittsburgh shed new light on how we learn and how we remember our real-world experiences. The research, described in the March 12, 2024 online edition of proceedings of the National Academy of Science, suggests that varying what we study and spacing out our learning over time can both be helpful for memory.

“Lots of prior research has shown that learning and memory benefit from spacing study sessions out,” said Benjamin, a director of the Causal Learning and Decision-Making Lab at Pitt. “For example, if you cram the night before a test, you might remember the information the next day for the test, but you will probably forget it fairly soon,” he added. “In contrast, if you study the material on different days leading up to the test, you will be more likely to recall it for a longer period of time.”

But “spacing effect” has been based on the idea that what you are trying to learn repeats identically each time. Yet that is rarely the case in real life, when some features of our experience s may stay the same,but others are likely to change. For example, imagine repeat trips to your local coffee shop. While many features may stay the same on each visit, a new barista (咖啡师) may be serving you. How does the spacing effect work in light of such variation across experiences?

In two experiments, researchers asked participants to repeatedly study pairs of items and scenes that were either identical on each repetition or in which the item stayed the same but the scene changed each time. Researchers found that spaced learning benefited item memory. But they also found that memory was better for the items that had been paired with different scenes compared with those shown with the same scene each time.

“It is hard to provide clear advice for things like studying for a test because the sort of material can be so different,” Benjamin said. “But in theory our findings should be broadly relevant to different sorts of tasks, like remembering someone’s name and things about them and learning new vocabulary in a foreign language.”

1. In what way is “spacing effect” challenged in reality?

A．The lack of sufficient learning time.

B．The misuse of the memory technique.

C．The repetition of the learning process.

D．The variability of real-life experiences.

2. Which behavior is least likely to contribute to long-term memory?

A．Integrating spaced repetition into learning.

B．Studying intensively the night before a test.

C．Linking new information with different tasks.

D．Learning materials against various backgrounds.

3. What will Benjamin suggest readers do to remember a new person's name?

A．Use the name in conversations shortly after meeting them.

B．Repeat the name by associating it with different information.

C．Practice item memory to create a mental image with the person.

D．Engage in active listening when they are introducing themselves.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The impact of constant spaced study.

B．The study of various and self-paced learning.

C．The role of varied learning and spaced study.

D．The significance of repeated learning sessions.