1 . On the way to his home the child turned many times and beat the dog,declaring with childish gestures that he held him in contempt(茂视）as an unimportant dog.the dog apologized for being this quality of animal and expressed regret in fine form,but he continued stealthily to follow the child.
When the child reached his door-step,the dog was a few yards behind,moving slowly toward him.He became so anxious with shame when ho again faced the child that he forgot the dragging rope . He tripped(绊倒） upon it and fell forward.
The child sat down on the step and the two had another interview. During it the dog greatly exerted himself to please the child. He performed a few playful jumps with such abandon(尽情地） that the child suddenly saw him to be a valuable thing. He made a swift,greedy charge(猛冲）and seized the rope.
He dragged his captive(俘虏） into a hall and up many long stairways in a dark building. The dog made willing efforts, but he could not walk very skillfully up the stairs because he was very small and soft,and at last the pace of the child grew so energetic that the dog became panic-stricken. In his mind he was being dragged toward somewhere unknown. His ayes grew wild with the terror of it. He began to wiggle his head wildly and to brace his legs.
The child redoubled his efforts.They had a battle on the stairs.The child was victorious because he was completely absorbed in his purpose,and because the dog was very small.He dragged his acquirement to the door of his home,and finally with victory across the doorway.
No family member was in.The child sat down on the floor and made overtures to(向....示好） the dog.These the dog instantly accepted.He smiled with affection upon his new friend.In a short time they were firm and abiding(矢志不渝的）comrades.
1. What might have happened before the first paragraph?| A．The child had wanted to own the dog for a long time. |
| B．The dog had been someone else' s pet but lost his way. |
| C．The child had been looking for the lost dog for a long time. |
| D．The dog had been driven out of home by the child's family. |
| A．The dog's apology. |
| B．His first interview with the dog. |
| C．His pity on the dog. |
| D．The dog's pleasing performance. |
| A．The boy was naughty. |
| B．The dog was foolish. |
| C．The boy was a devoted friend. |
| D．The dog was a faithful friend. |
| A．Frightened-relieved-anxious-happy. |
| B．Worried-angry-scared-delighted. |
| C．Guilty-anxious-nervous-pleased. |
| D．Angry-regretted-scared-puzzled. |
2 . Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares, but many publishers are too cautious about piracy（盗版） and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and Harper Collins license e-books with most libraries.
Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers（电子阅读器） are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money. If these people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, book files can be downloaded at home. The files disappear from the device when they are due.
E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible（不兼容的）e-book formats devices and licenses. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, which secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive’s global market dominance the company can control fees and conditions. Publishers were annoyed when OverDrive cooperated with Amazon, the world’s biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon’s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon’s website, where they must use their Amazon account to secure a loan.
According to Pew, an opinion researcher library users are a perfect for market for Amazon. Late last year Amazon introduced its Kindle Owners’ Lending Library, which lets its best customers borrow free one of thousands of popular books each month.
Library supporters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new work. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey, which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books.
So publishers keep adjusting their lending arrangements in search of the right balance.
Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and Harper Collins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times.
1. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that __________.| A．libraries and publishers face the same problem of e-books’ piracy |
| B．libraries are eager to keep strong relationship with publishers |
| C．most publishers are hesitant to cooperate with libraries |
| D．several big publishers have sold e-books to libraries |
| A．Book sales may drop sharply because of convenient electronic borrowing. |
| B．There are lots of different and incompatible e-book formats available |
| C．There is no time limit for the book files downloaded on the device. |
| D．E-books must be checked out and returned to libraries regularly. |
| A．e-books can be lent at libraries as many times as you like |
| B．OverDrive distributes e-books and audio files to publishers |
| C．over half of Americans are borrowing e-books from libraries |
| D．Amazon is adopting measures to win more customers |
| A．The Hopeful Future of Publishing Business |
| B．The Uncertain Economics of Lending E-books |
| C．The Dull Relationship between Libraries and Publishers |
| D．The Close Cooperation between Over and Amazon |
3 . In the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater of to to a video store to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact om the environment.You were hopping into your war, driving across town and coughing out emissions（排放）and using gas all the way.
But now that we’re used to staying at home and streaming movies, we might get a little cocky. After all ,we’re just picking up our phones or maybe turning on the TV. You’re welcome.Mother Nature.
Not so fast, says a recent report from the French-based Shit Project. Watching a half-hour show would lead to 3.5 pounds of CO2 emissions. That’s like driving 3.9 miles. According to "Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video," digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a year. Stored in data centers, videos are transferred to our terminals such as computers, smart phones, etc. via networks: all these processes require electricity whose production consumes resources and usually involves CO2 emissions.
In the European Union, the Eureca project lead scientist, Rabih Bashroush, calculated that 5 billion downloads and streams of the song "Despacito" consumed as much electricity as the countries of Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Somalia, Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic used in a single year.
Streaming is only expected to increase as we become more attached to our devices. Online video use is expected to account for 80%of all internet traffic by 2022 according to CISCO. By then, about 60% of the world's population will be online.
You're probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there are things you con do to help lessen the impact of your online use.
Here are some tips:
※Disable autoplay for video on social media.
※Stream over Wi-Fi, not mobile networks.
※Watch on the smallest screen you can.
※Don’t use high-definition（高清）video on devices.
1. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that people think .| A．they should welcome Mother Nature |
| B．watching movies at home is more fun |
| C．it is inconvenient to drive to a movie theater |
| D．streaming at home avoids possible emissions |
| A．3.9 miles may produce 3.5 pounds of CO2 |
| B．digital technologies account for 4% of electricity use |
| C．Online video use makes up 80% of all internet traffic |
| D．60% of the world’s population watch videos online |
| A．To praise their energy-efficient practice. |
| B．To prove the poverty of the five countries |
| C．To stress the popularity of the song “Despacito” |
| D．To show the high energy use of downloads and streams |
| A．Use high-definition videos. | B．Turn off video autoplay |
| C．Stream over mobile networks. | D．Watch movies on bigger screens. |
4 . When young, I loved going on trail（小路） runs. It was my favorite way to escape stress. So, when I was back in my hometown after a tough first year of my Ph. D. program, I thought a trail run was just what I needed. But instead of helping me relax, the run did just the opposite.
After I moved to the city for college, where my runs were on flat concrete paths instead of winding dirt trails, I used a GPS watch. When I went on trail runs again in the country, it constantly reminded me of the fact that I wasn’t keeping up with my usual pace. I turned my watch off, thinking that would allow me to enjoy my surroundings and find the peace I expected, but I worried I was underperforming. “Why can’ t I let go and just enjoy myself?” I wondered. But after some introspection（反省）, I realized why I was struggling—both on trail runs and in graduate school.
Going into my Ph. D. , I had thought that my solid undergraduate track record would set me up for instant success. To my surprise, I was wrong. I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow. Other students’ self-confidence and their excellent results made me feel insecure. Finally, one day I broke down in tears in my adviser’ s office.
Then came my visit home: I was having trouble because I hadn’ t properly adjusted my expectations to the differences between an urban run and a trail run.
A Ph. D. is like a trail run: Sometimes you can run fast. Sometimes you might find yourself climbing up a steep, winding trail at a snail’ s pace. And that’ s OK. Barriers are unavoidable, and success looks and feels different on a challenging trail than it does on a smooth, flat path. Sometimes it’ s best to take a deep breath and do your best to meet the challenge.
1. How did the author feel when he was on trail runs again?| A．Relaxed. | B．Tired. |
| C．Anxious. | D．Happy. |
| A．His lack of confidence. | B．His lack of hard work. |
| C．His poor research abilities. | D．His poor track record. |
| A．His desire for success. | B．His confidence of trail runs. |
| C．His expectations in his study. | D．His realization after the trail run. |
| A．Failure is the mother of success. |
| B．Working out regularly is beneficial. |
| C．It’ s important to make necessary adjustments. |
| D．It’ s vital to turn to others for help. |
