1 . Most people can't wait for spring to arrive. It means flowers and warmer weather, all welcome changes from the dark winter days. Now we know that spring is arriving sooner in the Northern Hemisphere (北半球）than it was in the past, thanks to a study published in Scientific Reports.
For example, Los Angeles may experience spring only a day earlier than it did 10 years ago, but further north, in Seattle or Chicago, spring will arrive four days earlier. If you lived in the Arctic, spring could arrive 16 days earlier than it used to.
To determine how springtime is starting earlier, researchers looked at temperature records and 743 earlier studies over 86 years. These studies were about various biological indicators of spring, including birds migrating, plants flowering and amphibians（两栖动物）sounding their mating calls. Researchers then studied these data to see if they were occurring earlier. The result showed that not only is spring making itself known sooner but it's warmer, too.
Before you go out in a happy springtime hike, spring arriving sooner isn't so good. The livelihood of migratory birds, for instance, may be concerned.
“The food that birds rely on when they move to the north might not be reliable if the beginning of spring at these higher latitudes（维度）is expanded by future warming." said Eric Post. He is a fellow of the John Muir Institute and a polar ecologist.
Animals relying on Arctic sea ice, like polar bears, probably aren't crazy about things warming up sooner, either, because it impacts on their ability to hunt. Spring's early arrival could cause disorder in the delicate balance of various ecosystems~~not to mention how soon you'll need to buy allergy medicine.
1. We learn from the study published in Scientific Reports that.| A．spring comes earliest in Los Angeles |
| B．Los Angeles is further north than Seattle |
| C．spring comes 12 days earlier in Arctic than in Chicago |
| D．the further north a place lies, the sooner spring comes than before |
| A．comparing related data available |
| B．conducting research and test |
| C．calculating the exact length of each spring |
| D．observing animal's behavior all year round |
| A．Concerns over spring's early arrival. |
| B．Springtime emergence of creatures. |
| C．Early springtime's impacts on humans. |
| D．Disorder in the balance of ecosystems. |
| A．Medical Report. | B．Survival Stories. |
| C．Scientific Discoveries. | D．Natural environment |
2 .
Compass High School Student Information | |
| Student ID’s | Compass High School offers Student IDs for our students to use at school and in everyday life. The IDs keep track of student ID numbers, current year, name, and picture. Students can get their ID from the front office after they have enrolled and had their picture taken. Having an ID card from the school gives the students access to local discounts around Tucson. Such as movie theaters, some restaurants, retail stores, and anywhere that offers student discounts. IDs from Compass High School can also be used as an ID for students who don’t have a driver’s license or other form of government identification. |
| Transportation | For students who primarily use the bus, Compass High School offers free city bus passes to get to and from the school. The passes last for 30 days and can be renewed when the student returns their old pass and makes up any missed days. Making up days is easy! Students can attend a different session than their own for 2 hours for every day they miss. Students who are a part of Compass High School’s dual enrollment program can also use the free bus pass to go to and from their PCC classes. |
1. Which of the following is an advantage of having a Student ID?
| A．They can use it both at school and in town. |
| B．They can enroll and have their picture taken. |
| C．They can get discounts at some local stores. |
| D．They can drive a car without a driving license. |
| A．make up the days they missed | B．take a free bus to and from school |
| C．attend the dual enrollment program | D．attend a different session for 2 hours |
| A．a bus company | B．the local newspaper |
| C．a travel magazine | D．the school website |
3 . Welcome to SummerCamps.com; find and book the very best summer camps. Your children are precious so we offer the highest quality of camps that will meet each child’s needs and interests.
Catalina Sea Camp
Sea Camp offers three one-week sessions to boys and girls aged 8-13 and two three-week sessions to teens aged 12-17. Our hand-picked instructors create an atmosphere of fun and excitement while leading campers to a host of ocean adventures, marine(海洋的) biology, and social summer camp activities.
Address: Toyon Way, San Bruno, California 94066
Phone: 800-645-1423
Camp Cayuga
Camp Cayuga is a private summer camp for children aged 6 to 16. The camp is on a 350-acre land in the Pocono Mountains of Northeast Pennsylvania, just outside the village of Honesdale. It’s a 3-hour drive from New York City to Philadelphia.
Address: 321 Niles Pond Road-Suite ISC, Honesdale, Pennsylvania 18431
Phone: 908-470-1224
Camp Rockmont
Camp Rockmont is a Christian summer camp for boys, aged 6-16, in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. Rockmont’s duty of developing boys into healthy young men is accomplished through age-appropriate skills, activities, and challenges that help campers to know themselves better.
Address: 375 Lake Eden Road, Black Mountain, North Carolina 28711
Phone: 828-686-3885
Primitive Pursuits Overnight Camps
Primitive Pursuits Overnight Camps offer week-long Summer Adventure Overnight Camps in New York’s Finger Lakes to your children aged 11-15. Campers experience a week of nature-based skills training, inspiring challenges, and fun activities under the guidance of skilled instructors.
Address: 611 County Rd 13, Van Etten, New York 14889
Phone: 607-272-2292
1. If a boy is curious about sea creatures, which camp should he go to?| A．Catalina Sea Camp |
| B．Camp Cayuga |
| C．Camp Rockmont |
| D．Primitive Pursuits Overnight Camps |
| A．Toyon Way, San Bruno. |
| B．611 County Rd 13, Van Etten. |
| C．375 Lake Eden Road, Black Mountain. |
| D．321 Niles Pond Road- Suite ISC, Honesdale. |
| A．a magazine | B．the Internet |
| C．a textbook | D．a newspaper |
4 . NOT that long ago, the world wondered whether clean energy could survive without government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles. which was about 1 million in 2015, last year reached 2 million. In electricity generation, too, trend is with the greens. In the first half of this year wind, solar and hydro generated a record 35% of Germany's power.
Greater success is breeding greater ambition. California is proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030: 176 countries have clean-energy goals. Hawaii, America's most oil-dependent state, has promised to be 100% renewable by the middle of the century. So have 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. This week the number of multinationals making a commitment to running their operations on 100% renewable energy rose to 100.
But not every target is helpful. To see why, consider that goal of 100% renewable energy. It makes solving climate change seem easy. In fact, though wind and solar can generate the whole country's electricity some day, renewables still account for less than 8% of the world's total power output. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part of the battle. Even though gas-fired heating and cooking can be at least as big a source of greenhouse-gas emissions, renewable heating gets little attention. Transport policy is unpredictable, too. Carmakers may hit their goal of annual sales of 10 million electric vehicles in a decade, but battery-powered road transport, shipping and aviation are dreams. A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and hydro alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.
Most importantly, a 100% renewables target confuses means with ends. The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions（净排放量）of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind, solar and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. After decades of investment, it is wrong to leave nuclear power off the table. Carbon emissions in Germany actually rose because it chose to phase out nuclear power gradually and so burned more coal. New technologies, such as "direct air capture" systems designed to separate carbon dioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that .| A．the problem of climate change will be solved by using 100% renewable energy |
| B．with new technologies, Germany successfully cut down carbon emissions |
| C．it is probable that ships will one day be powered by battery |
| D．America is not likely to completely rely on wind, solar and hydro energy one day |
| A．promoting energy efficiency |
| B．blocking off carbon-reduction paths |
| C．using non-renewable heating |
| D．abandoning electric vehicles |
| A．ignore | B．reduce | C．use | D．invent |
| A．Fashion | B．Politics | C．Economy | D．Education |
5 . Drinking tea at least three times a week could reduce the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease(心管疾病) and is linked with a longer and healthier life, at least in China, a new study suggests. Chinese researchers found the health benefits associated with tea were more obvious for drinkers of green, rather than black tea, and for those who had been drinking tea regularly over a longer period of time. The benefits were also clearer among men, the study indicated.
Researchers looked at data from 100 902 Chinese people with no history of heart attack or cancer and divided them into two groups: habitual drinkers who drank tea three or more times a week,those who never drank tea, and those who drank it less regularly. They followed up with them after a seven-year period.
Their analysis found that regular tea drinkers had a 20%lower risk of having heart disease and stroke,and a 22%lower risk of dying from heart disease and stroke. Specifically, they found that regular tea drinkers could expect to live 1.26 years longer at age 50 than those who did not regularly enjoy a cup of tea.
“We found that the protective effects of habitual tea consumption were very obvious and robust across different outcomes for men, but only mild for women,”Dr.Dongfeng Gu from China’s National Center for Cardiovascular Disease.
“One reason might be that the proportion of habitual tea consumers among men was approximately two and a half times as high as that among women,” Gu said. Some 48%of the men in the study were regular tea drinkers, compared with 20%of women.
1. What can be learned about the research from Paragraph 1?| A．Drinking tea regularly benefits people’s health. |
| B．Drinking black tea brings more health benefits. |
| C．Men always live longer than women by drinking tea. |
| D．People can prevent all diseases by drinking tea. |
| A．Protective. | B．Strong. | C．Gentle. | D．Beneficial |
| A．Fewer men like drinking tea. | B．Men spend more money on tea. |
| C．Men drink more tea than women. | D．Fewer women may live no more than 50. |
| A．An advertisement. | B．A poster. | C．A guidebook. | D．A magazine. |
6 . Wherever we humans go, we leave behind a mess. That goes for space, too. An estimated 500,000 pieces of debris (碎片) litter the Earth’s orbit as a result of man’s explorations of space. Some satellites have been hit by fast-moving pieces of junk. The remains of old rockets can be the size of a bus, while other debris pieces are simply tiny spots of paint.
Today, our species is responsible for the junk dashing around Earth at high speeds, and if we don’t start actively removing the largest pieces, the risk of collisions will only grow worse. “Imagine how dangerous sailing the high seas would be, if all the ships ever lost in history were still floating on top of the water,” says Jan Wörner, ESA director general. “That is the current situation in orbit, and it cannot be allowed to continue.”
It’s almost as if we need a truck to remove all of failed satellites from our orbit. By 2025, the agency plans on launching the world’s first orbiting junk collector, a four-armed robot that tracks down space waste. The first-of-its-kind task, known as ClearSpace-1, will start collecting only a single piece of space junk to prove the concept works. The target in this case is called Vespa, a leftover from ESA’s Vega rocket launch in 2013. This piece of junk weighs roughly the same as a small satellitle and has a simple shape that should make it easy to grab with four robotic arms. Once it’s safely in the arms of the garbage collector, it will then be dragged out of orbit and allowed to burn up in the atmosphere.
In addition, an Australian company, Electro Optic Systems, has received a $ 3.5 million government fund to develop the world’s first laser tracking (激光跟踪) technology. It would replace existing radar (雷达) networks that currently monitor that part of space. The goal is to track small objects with great accuracy.
1. Why does Jan Wörner refer to ships on the high seas?| A．To explain the danger of space debris. | B．To describe the universe’s huge space. |
| C．To praise man’s explorations of space. | D．To compare the oceans with the universe. |
| A．ClearSpace-1 and Vespa |
| B．ESA’s Vega rocket launch and radar networks |
| C．the orbiting junk collector and the first laser tracking technology |
| D．truck to remove all of failed satellites and track small objects |
| A．Dangerous Space Exploration | B．Cleaning up Space Junk Pieces |
| C．Developing Space Technology | D．Launching A Four-armed Robot |
| A．An astronomy report. | B．A travel guidebook. |
| C．A science fiction. | D．An environmental magazine. |
7 . On your journey, there are some healthy active transport options, for example cycling.
Active transport benefits
* It’s a convenient and practical way to incorporate (并入) regular exercise into your day.
* Cycling to your stop or station helps to reduce your carbon footprint.
* The cost of buying and maintaining a bicycle is around 1% of the cost of buying and maintaining a car.
* It provides an opportunity to socialize with people in your local community.
* Cycling provides commuters (通勤者) with economical and efficient access to public transport services. On average, 10 times more households are within cycling distance of public transport than they are within walking distance.
Taking your bike on the train
You can take your bike on the train on weekdays, except during the following peak times:
* 7 a.m.-9:30 a.m. towards the CBD (Central Business District);
* 3 p.m.-6:30 p. m. outwards from the CBD;
* at any time during weekends and public holidays.
Note: You can travel in the opposite direction during the specified peak times above.
To avoid travelling during peak times, you must complete your morning journey by 7 a.m. towards the CBD and afternoon journey by 3 p.m. outwards from the CBD.
During peak hours, bikes cannot be brought through Fortitude Valley, Central or Roma Street stations. If you travel with a bike during peak times, you may be asked to leave the train until peak time ends.
Bike storage facilities
Bike facilities offer greater flexibility as you can cycle to a station and securely park your bike before continuing your journey on public transport. Queensland Rail and the City of Gold Coast also offer a number of bicycle storage facilities across our network. You can book a bike locker by emailing us at bikelockerqueries@ translink. com. au.
1. What is mentioned about cycling in the text?| A．It is environmentally-friendly. | B．It is convenient to get around. |
| C．It is helpful to reduce your weight. | D．It is much faster than walking. |
| A．7 a.m. on Christmas. | B．3 p.m. towards CBD. |
| C．6 p.m. during weekends. | D．4 p.m. outwards from CBD. |
| A．A guide book. | B．A health journal. |
| C．A sports magazine. | D．A Travel website. |
8 . When a running event is longer than 26.2 miles, it is called an ultramarathon.There are two kinds of ultramarathons. In the first kind of ultramarathon, runners have to cover a specific distance—50 miles, for example. In the second kind of ultramarathon, runners have a limited amount of time, such as 24 hours, to cover as much distance as they can. Some ultramarathons are run as loops around a track or course. Others are run on trails through forests, deserts, or mountains. Many ultramarathons that are run on trails include natural obstacles that a runner will have to overcome, such as rocky paths or bad weather. Ultramarathons are run all over the world, even on Antarctica. The most famous race across Antarctica is called The Last Desert Race. Runners pay over $14,000 to compete in this race. Besides,they must also buy special equipment to protect themselves against the extreme cold.
People who want to train to run in an ultramarathon should first gain experience running regular marathons. Once you have completed a few marathons, you can add more and more distance every time you run.
Besides practicing, there are a few other things you can do to help you prepare to run an ultramarathon. First, pick a location that is close to home,which is safer because you will be more familiar with the area. Next, make sure to bring snacks, sunscreen, and extra shoes. You should also remember to drink eight ounces of water or a sports drink every 15 to 20 minutes. Your pace is also very important. When you are running an ultramarathon, you should start running more slowly than you do when you run a regular marathon.
Finally, many people who run ultramarathons say that it is easier and more fun to train with friends than it is to train alone. So if you are interested in running an ultramarathon, you should also try to get one of your friends interested in it too.
1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To provide basic information about ultramarathons. |
| B．To help people train to run an ultramarathon. |
| C．To compare ultramarathons to regular marathons. |
| D．To share his or her personal experience with ultramarathons. |
I. It is very expensive to travel to Antarctica.
II. The weather in Antarctica is very cold.
III. It is much longer than other ultramarathons.
| A．I only. |
| B．I and II only. |
| C．II and III only. |
| D．I, II, and III. |
| A．Because it is safer to run ultramarathon with friends. |
| B．Because you can split the cost of a trip to Antarctica with a friend. |
| C．Because you typically train harder in the presence of others. |
| D．Because friends make training more enjoyable. |
| A．A diary. | B．A novel. | C．A magazine. | D．A guidebook. |
9 . Delivery Robots May Soon Be Knocking at Your Door
With self-driving vehicle technology rapidly advancing, many companies are turning to autonomous robots for the final leg—the so-called last mile—of the delivery process, from the store or local distribution center to the customer. The latest to join the trend is Amazon. Following a successful eight-month test run in Snohomish County, Washington, the company’s Scout robots have been making the rounds of Irvine, California, since August 6, 2019.
The six-wheeled Scout is about the size of a large cooler with the ability to carry small or medium-sized packages. The battery-powered vehicle, which moves at a regular walking pace, has been programmed to avoid pedestrians, animals, and unexpected obstacles（障碍）, such as garbage cans. Its powerful sensors（传感器）can also detect the movement of a car backing out of a driveway.
While Amazon is focusing on home deliveries, San Francisco-based Starship Technologies has its eyes set on universities. On August 20, 2019, the company announced plans to use thousands of robots to deliver food and other things to students at college campuses across the country. Unlike Scout, Starship’s robots are seasoned workers. They have been tested in over 100 cities in 20 different countries and successfully completed over 100, 000 deliveries.
Meanwhile, food and grocery delivery company Postmates’ robots are currently making their rounds along the busy San Francisco streets. Also in testing, the robots can carry up to 50 pounds and travel 30 miles on a single battery charge.
Though the eco-friendly robots will help free our streets of bicycles and large delivery trucks that typically send packages, they have some limitations. They are unable to climb stairs or open gates, which means that they can only reach consumers who live on the ground level. Additionally, the robots are unable to leave packages at the front door if the customers are not home. Whether these problems get solved remains to be seen. For now, it appears that humans will still be needed to meet the ever-growing demand for home and office deliveries.
1. What does the underlined part in para l mean?| A．much more help | B．very close distance |
| C．substitute for human | D．the last section |
| A．Powerful robots sensors are gaining popularity in delivery. |
| B．The Postmates’ robots focus on students' food and grocery delivery. |
| C．The Scout can avoid obstacles because it moves at a regular pace. |
| D．Delivery robots have turned up in universities to serve students. |
| A．Objective | B．Optimistic |
| C．Pessimistic | D．Cautious |
| A．a biology textbook | B．a health magazine |
| C．a newspaper | D．a travel brochure |
10 . Bullied(受欺凌的) kids face a high risk of mental health problems as teens and as young adults. Indeed, kids troubled by bullying may be worse off than those who had suffered physical abuse(虐待) or neglect, as the study found.
Until recently, most studies of child victims focused not on bullying but on maltreatment(虐待), Dieter Wolke says. Maltreatment includes physical or emotional abuse, neglect or other behaviors that can harm a child.
Wolke’s team wanted to better understand bullying’s long-term effects compared to those due to maltreatment. They focused on 4,026 children in the United Kingdom and 1,420 more in the United States. Information about bullying and maltreatment was collected for American children to age 13. They collected the same information for British youth up to age 16. The researchers also gathered data on each individuals’ mental health as a young adult.
Among the Americans, 36 percent of bullied kids had mental problems later. Those problems included anxiety, which is a state of excessive worry. They also included depression. That is a feeling of hopelessness that can last a long time. Among kids who had been maltreated by adults, 17 percent later suffered mental health problems. That was less than half the rate seen in people who had been bullied as school kids.
In the U.K. group, the difference was less dramatic. Roughly 25 percent of the bullied kids reported mental health problems later, compared with about 17 percent who had been maltreated. But however you look at it, the findings are disturbing. And that’s why Wolke says schools,health services and other agencies must work together to end bullying.
Studies like this are important, says Corinna Jenkins Tucker. They bring attention to the lasting impacts of bullying. Tucker does, however, question the value of comparing bullying to other types of abuse. Such an approach can make it seem like one type of bad experience is worse than the other, she says. In fact, both types have short-term and long-term effects on health. She’d like to see researchers study the big picture. They should try to understand how all of these negative experiences together shape children—and sometimes harm them.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.| A．researchers should pay less attention to maltreatment |
| B．more bullied kids have mental problems in the USA |
| C．a similar number of children are maltreated in America and Britain |
| D．either bullying or maltreatment has negative effects on children’s health |
| A．advertise | B．inform |
| C．Compare | D．Entertain |
| A．a news section | B．a science section |
| C．a culture section | D．an entertainment section |
| A．disappointing | B．Improvable |
| C．satisfactory | D．nonsense |
