1 . As a basic food in the Asian diet， soybeans（大豆） have been used to make tofu and soy milk for hundreds of years． But now， they are also being turned into an alternative to plastic wrap．
William Chen， a professor of food science and technology at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University， invented the environmentally﹣friendly food wrap． It's made of cellulose（纤维素），a form of fiber， obtained from the waste generated by soy bean product producers． The beans are pressed to squeeze out juice that's used to make tofu and soy milk． And what's left is usually thrown away， but Chen takes the waste and puts it through a fermentation（发酵） process， during which cellulose is produced．
Cellulose﹣based plastic wraps have been on the market for a few years， but Chen says that most are made from wood or corn， grown for that purpose． By contrast， his wrap is made from a waste product， which doesn't compete with other crops for land and is more sustainable． Chen's technology could help to solve two problems at once： cutting plastic production and reducing the amount of food waste．"In Singapore， the amount of food waste generated every year could fill up 15，000 Olympic﹣sized swimming pools，" Chen says．
F&N， a soy﹣based drinks producer， has partnered with Chen's lab and provides the product， straight from the factory． The company is conducting a study to assess whether the food wrap could complete commercially with conventional products． Chen adds，"The soy﹣based wrap costs almost nothing to make in the lab because the raw materials are free． Commercial production would involve additional expenses， such as storage and quality control， however， we have not calculated those costs yet．"
Chen hopes neighboring soy﹣loving countries will be inspired by Singapore to adopt his innovation． "My dream is that our technology， which is cheap and simple， will cut plastic and food waste and create a cleaner environment，" Chen says．
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about？| A．The introduction to William Chen． |
| B．The process of producing soy milk． |
| C．The way to make soy﹣based wrap． |
| D．The benefit of eating soy products． |
| A．It saves land for industry． |
| B．It's more easily broken down． |
| C．It is made from the food waste． |
| D．It has been put into practice for many years． |
| A．A lack of competitiveness． |
| B．Poor quality of the wraps． |
| C．A shortage of raw material． |
| D．An increase in production costs． |
| A．A personal diary． |
| B．A travel guide． |
| C．A book review． |
| D．A scientific magazine． |
2 . We know that reading is good for children. Now, a new study suggests that just being around books has its benefits. A team of researchers in Australia finds that growing up with a large library at home improves literacy (读写能力)，number-sense, and even technological skills in later life. It appeared in the journal Social Science Research.
The researchers were exploring the advantages of scholarly culture. They were interested in a curious observation that some call the “radiation effect”. “Radiation effect is a situation where children grow up around books, but they don't read books. But somehow books benefit them, even though they don't read them as much as their parents wish them to.” Joanna Sikora, a sociologist in Australia. Joana and her colleagues analysed data collected between 2011 and 2015 by the Organization for Economic Development. The survey assessed the literacy, numeracy(计算能力), and technological competency of more than 160 ,000 adults from 31 countries. And it included a question about how many books participants had in their homes during adolescence. “What we were able to make clear was that people growing up around books had better literacy, numeracy and digital problem-solving skills than people who had fewer books growing up but had similar education levels, similar jobs, and even similar adult habits in terms of reading or working at various numeracy-improving activities.”
In fact, teens who only made it through high school but were raised in a bookish environment did as well in adulthood as college graduates who grew up in a house without books. Now, how might mere exposure lead to intellectual improvement? “If we grow up in a house, in a home where parents enjoy books，where books are given as birthday presents and valued, this is something that becomes a part of our identity and gives us this lifelong urge to always come close to books and read more than we would.”
So keep shelves piled with books. Your kids will not only be grateful, they’ll be more likely to be able to spell grateful correctly as well.
1. What's “radiation effect” according to the passage?| A．The terrible effect of radiation on the persons and things. |
| B．The good influence of bookish environment on adolescents. |
| C．The beneficial effect of reading books on adolescents. |
| D．The bad effect of the environment without books on adolescents. |
| A．Books bring a sense of identity and eagerness to read more. |
| B．Books helps to provide a chance to come close to the society. |
| C．Books are always given to adolescents as valuable presents. |
| D．Books will offer the teens an urge to make great achievements. |
| A．opposed. | B．neutral. |
| C．unclear. | D．supportive. |
| A．A travel brochure. | B．A biology textbook. |
| C．A science magazine. | D．A history discovery. |
3 . Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing （冲洗）off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.
The do — not — wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.
But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it's not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.
The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli （大肠杆菌）and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.
To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.
1. People don't accept USDA's advice because____.| A．the advice is relatively new |
| B．cleaning seems more trustworthy |
| C．cooks clean the turkey before cooking it |
| D．heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food |
| A．Food packages carry germs. |
| B．Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli. |
| C．Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not. |
| D．Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs. |
| A．Rinse off the turkey before it is heated. |
| B．Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator. |
| C．Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey. |
| D．Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey. |
| A．Culture. | B．Science. |
| C．Education. | D．Medicine. |
4 . Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football.
Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport network's studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（诽谤）.
"I have to prove myself to the world that you can run fast without it," Bolt said.
Bolt cited the speeds he and countryman Asafa Powell and American Tyson Gay have achieved without positive doping tests.
"We just （have to） continue to run fast," Bolt said．"In a couple of years everyone will continue to watch again and have less doubts."
Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last year's Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble.
"I want to be a legend in the sport．For me it's all a focus on winning championships after championships," Bolt said.
"I don't consider myself a legend．When I defend my titles I will consider myself a legend."
Bolt's defending of World and Olympic gold should be the feature attraction of the 2011 IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Korea, and the 2012 London Olympics.
1. Why does Usain Bolt say that he has no plans to play American football?| A．Because he wants to ease doping doubts in athletics. |
| B．Because he wants to show his fast feats. |
| C．Because he is doubted by some people. |
| D．Because he runs fastest in the world． |
| A．three times． | B．four times． |
| C．five times． | D．eight times． |
| A．Usain Bolt plans years of fast feats to ease doping doubts. |
| B．Usain Bolt is doubted for his athletics. |
| C．Usain Bolt set world records again in Berlin last month. |
| D．Usain Bolt wants to a legend in the sport. |
| A．on TV | B．on the Internet |
| C．in a book | D．in a newspaper. |
