1 . When tragedy strikes, some people fall into deep depression (抑郁) sometimes losing hope and even the will to carry on. They may worry continuously about the disaster and suffer nightmares. Other people, however, react differently. Instead of becoming depressed and unable to cope, they are able to deal with painful experiences and move on.
Boris Cyrulnik is interested in this difference of reaction. To find out why some people are so deeply affected, while others are seemingly able to recover, he has devoted his career to the study of psychological resilience (复原力).
Cyrulnik found resilience is a quality that builds through a natural process. He says that alone, a child has no resilience. We build resilience from developing relationships.
Positive emotions and humour are key factors in resilience. Cyrulnik's research has shown that people who are better able to deal with life's difficulties or traumas (创伤)are able to find meaning in hardship, seeing it as a useful and inspiring experience, and even to find ways to laugh. Resilient people always remain able to see how things may turn out for the better in the future, even if the present is painful.
It had previously been thought that people who show more resilience are less emotional in general, but Cyrulnik believed that the pain is no less for resilient people than it is for others; it is a matter of how they choose to use it. The pain may continue, even over a whole lifetime, but for these people it raises a challenge that they decide to meet. The challenge is to overcome what has happened, to find strength in the experience instead of letting it defeat them, and to use the strength to move forward. Given the right support, children are especially able to complete recovery from trauma. Cyrulnik has shown that the human brain is easily influenced and will recover if allowed. If a child is well supported and loved after the trauma, his brain is able to return to normal within a year.
Cyrulnik thinks it important not to label (贴标) children who have suffered a trauma, misleading them to a hopeless future. Trauma consists of two things: the injury and the repeated description of that injury. Often the most damaging post-traumatic experience for children is experiencing embarrassing adult descriptions of events. Labels, he says, can be more damaging than the experience.
1. According to Cyrulnik's research, resilient people are________| A．patient and forgiving. | B．sensitive and controlling. |
| C．optimistic and humorous. | D．considerate and committed. |
| A．They should be treated differently. | B．They should be labeled as poor little ones. |
| C．They should be given the right support. | D．They should be helped to accept the reality. |
| A．Resilience is a person's ability to grow in the face of terrible problems. |
| B．Resilience is found in less emotional people in general. |
| C．Resilience is built either by being alone or communicating with others. |
| D．Resilience is a person's power to avoid painful experiences. |
| A．A biology textbook. | B．A travel guidebook. |
| C．A psychology book. | D．A sports magazine. |
2 . From this issue, we explore why the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute hasn't turned up anything since its founding in the 1980s. (See page 30 for more.) We asked our Facebook followers: Do you think that astronomers will find evidence of alien life in your lifetime?
Loran McCormick: 1 think they already have it. Judging by the sudden industrialization, I figure they found something that's probably been here since before humans walked the Earth.
Jens Avery: We may find life, but it may not want anything to do with us. We are not very advanced and can't even get along with each other.
Steven Buhrow: I think the more important question is — will any government ever publicly admit it in our lifetime? I fully believe that we could discover alien life today and the government would simply say the public is not ready for this information.
Jenna Walsh: I think we already see it, but just don't realize what it is. Intelligent alien life probably doesn't want anything to do with the disaster that is Earth at this point, so no doubt they're playing it safe and observing from a safe distance.
Christopher Harvey: By alien life, do you mean intelligent alien life? Then no. It would be extremely hard to find, short of them coming down to Earth. But if you mean unintelligent alien life, like bacteria or single cell, we might.
1. Why did we ask the Facebook followers the question?| A．To question the efficiency of SETI. |
| B．To confirm the appearance of aliens on earth. |
| C．To ensure the existence of aliens. |
| D．To complain about the failure to find aliens. |
| A．Loran McCormick. | B．Steven Buhrow. |
| C．Jenna Walsh. | D．Christopher Harvey. |
| A．An album. | B．A science fiction. |
| C．A magazine. | D．A travel guide. |
3 . Next time you watch videos in high resolution, pause for thought. Your decision may be having an unnecessary impact on the environment.
Watching videos on a smartphone in high resolution produces eight times as much carbon as viewing in standard definition, according to a report from the Royal Society. It adds that the difference in resolution is unlikely to be noticed on small screens anyway and suggests that the users should make a sensible choice in some circumstances.
“Avoiding streaming in unnecessarily high resolution will help reduce emissions,” the report says. “Platforms and regulators should consider limiting streaming resolution.” It recommends that, as part of a move “responsible streaming”, video should be turned off for many YouTube users who are only listening to the content. A previous study found that such a move could save between 1 per cent and 5 per cent of YouTube’s total emissions.
The authors do not calculate how much a person’s carbon footprint would be reduced by watching videos in lower resolution. However, they admitted that digital technology also plays a significant role in reducing emissions, such as by enabling people to communicate virtually rather than travel to meet face to face. “Digital technology lets us do things differently and it has huge potential to help reducing emissions—if used responsibly,” said Adrian Friday, professor from the University of Lancaster, who is a member of the working group for the report.
Using laptops, tablets, smart TVs and other devices for longer before upgrading will also reduce emissions, the report says. “Protecting and repairing phones is good practice to help keep them longer. Getting a phone or other device second-hand, or passing it on, and sharing equipment are other good ways.”
1. What’s the disadvantage of the high-resolution device according to this passage?| A．It can’t be upgraded in time. | B．It requires a larger screen. |
| C．It may not benefit the environment. | D．It functions rather slowly. |
| A．Replacing old laptops frequently. | B．Travelling to meet face to face. |
| C．Sharing equipment with others. | D．Streaming in high resolution. |
| A．communicating virtually is totally impractical. |
| B．YouTube is a popular platform around the word. |
| C．digital technology has more disadvantages than advantages. |
| D．digital technology should be used reasonably. |
| A．Art & Culture | B．Science & Tech | C．Entertainment | D．Economy |
4 . Enjoying tasty food is as important as preparing good food. Read the following ways that will help you enjoy food better.
The right way to eat cupcakes
Although cupcakes don't require a knife or a spoon, taking the first bite of a cupcake can lead to a top-heavy cupcake with an uneven(不均匀的) ratio of icing(糖霜). But according to Foodbeast, if you eat a cupcake, break off the bottom first, and place it over the icing, you‘ll end up with a cupcake-icing sandwich that offers you both cake and icing in every bite.
The proper order for hot lobsters(龙虾)
James Cornwall, head cook at a London seafood restaurant J Sheekey, told British GQ that, when eating hot lobsters, you should eat the tail first because it gets cold the fastest. Cornwall also advised eating the claws last because they usually stay warm longer and can be hard to break into. Plus, eating lobster in this order can be cleaner when it comes to clearing up the lobster's shell.
The easy method to remove seeds
Pomegranate(石榴) seeds are widely used to make fruit salads and many dishes. However, they can also be difficult to take out and just a little too much pressure will cause them to jump out and dirty your fingers. Here is an easy way to take out pomegranate seeds. We will show you the way by a video. Please click the link to our website to watch the video.
1. What's the first step to eat a cupcake according to the text?| A．Taking the first bite from the bottom. |
| B．Cutting up the top with a knife. |
| C．Removing the icing on the top. |
| D．Breaking off the bottom. |
| A．It has the unforgettable taste. |
| B．It is the most delicious part. |
| C．It gets cold the fastest. |
| D．It is the hardest part of the lobster. |
| A．On the Internet | B．In a magazine. |
| C．In a textbook. | D．In a newspaper. |
5 . Wherever we humans go, we leave behind a mess. That goes for space, too. An estimated 500,000 pieces of debris (碎片) litter the Earth’s orbit as a result of man’s explorations of space. Some satellites have been hit by fast-moving pieces of junk. The remains of old rockets can be the size of a bus, while other debris pieces are simply tiny spots of paint.
Today, our species is responsible for the junk dashing around Earth at high speeds, and if we don’t start actively removing the largest pieces, the risk of collisions will only grow worse. “Imagine how dangerous sailing the high seas would be, if all the ships ever lost in history were still floating on top of the water,” says Jan Wörner, ESA director general. “That is the current situation in orbit, and it cannot be allowed to continue.”
It’s almost as if we need a truck to remove all of failed satellites from our orbit. By 2025, the agency plans on launching the world’s first orbiting junk collector, a four-armed robot that tracks down space waste. The first-of-its-kind task, known as ClearSpace-1, will start collecting only a single piece of space junk to prove the concept works. The target in this case is called Vespa, a leftover from ESA’s Vega rocket launch in 2013. This piece of junk weighs roughly the same as a small satellitle and has a simple shape that should make it easy to grab with four robotic arms. Once it’s safely in the arms of the garbage collector, it will then be dragged out of orbit and allowed to burn up in the atmosphere.
In addition, an Australian company, Electro Optic Systems, has received a $ 3.5 million government fund to develop the world’s first laser tracking (激光跟踪) technology. It would replace existing radar (雷达) networks that currently monitor that part of space. The goal is to track small objects with great accuracy.
1. Why does Jan Wörner refer to ships on the high seas?| A．To explain the danger of space debris. | B．To describe the universe’s huge space. |
| C．To praise man’s explorations of space. | D．To compare the oceans with the universe. |
| A．ClearSpace-1 and Vespa |
| B．ESA’s Vega rocket launch and radar networks |
| C．the orbiting junk collector and the first laser tracking technology |
| D．truck to remove all of failed satellites and track small objects |
| A．Dangerous Space Exploration | B．Cleaning up Space Junk Pieces |
| C．Developing Space Technology | D．Launching A Four-armed Robot |
| A．An astronomy report. | B．A travel guidebook. |
| C．A science fiction. | D．An environmental magazine. |
6 . Welcome to Shanghai Ocean Aquarium (水族馆)
Covering a total area of 22,400 square meters, Shanghai Ocean Aquarium (SOA) is located in Pudong New Area. With a theme of ‘“cross Continents — Through Worlds of Water,” the aquarium is divided into 8 zones, displaying more than 300 species and a total of more than 14,000 precious fish from five continents and four oceans.
What will you discover at the ocean aquarium?
Take an underwater journey that starts from China and continues throughout the major continents and regions of the world. Walk through a 200-meter-long undersea tunnel, one of the longest of its kind in the world, to have a close contact with the colorful ocean world. Admire the uniqueness of ocean life from the Polar Regions to the tropics, particularly rare and precious species from the famous Changjiang River.
Opening time
9:00-18:00
9:00-21:00 for Summer Holiday (July and August), National Day Holiday and Chinese New Year Holiday
Admission
Adult £10/ Child £6
Free guided tours run hourly from Monday to Saturday between 10 am and 3 pm.
On Sundays, service of a VR tour is offered, £5 for each person.
For groups with more than ten members, we offer free entry to 2 children (under 10) at most.
Since its opening in February, 2002, SOA has received more than 1 million tourists every year from within China and all over the world. For more information, visit https://www.trip.com/travel-euidc/shanghai/shanghai-ocean-aquarium-80473/, call (86-21) 58779988 or email us at Iearning@sh-soa.com.
1. In Shanghai Ocean Aquarium, visitors can do the following EXCEPT ________.| A．admiring precious fish | B．walking through underwater tunnel |
| C．swimming in the sea | D．increasing knowledge about sea life |
| A．£80 | B．£98 | C．£128 | D．£140 |
| A．A news report. | B．A science textbook. |
| C．A nature magazine. | D．A tourist guide. |
7 . The word”Kuitou”in Peking Opera is the technical term for various kinds of hats and headpieces worn by various characters in traditional Chinese opera.More than just meeting the requirements of acting,it also reveals an aspect of traditional Chinese culture.
In traditional Han Chinese culture,people believed that since,one’s whole body was a gift from one’s parents,it was important to avoid anything that might injure it,a principle that showed filial piety(孝道)。Based on this ideology,males were required to let their hair grow long, and wearing hats became a rule of social etiquette(礼仪)in ancient times.
Since ancient Chinese society was divided into various social classes,people in each class wore different styles of clothes,but only the nobility were permitted to wear formal hats for adornment(装饰)。People of lower classes could only wrap their head with a piece of cloth. Anyone under the age of 20 was also not allowed to wear formal hats and could only wear one after the performance of an official capping ceremony to mark their reaching of adulthood.As a result,various types of formal hats in ancient times,in addition to having value as a piece of personal adornment and social etiquette,also revealed the social classes of people and strict social divisions that existed between the nobility and common people.
In ancient times,people attached much importance to the kind of hat they wore.An old saying says,”A man of noble character would rather die than take off his hat.”The saying was based on the story of one of Confucius’s favorite students,Zi Lu,a man who was a brave warrior. Once while fighting in close hand-to-hand combat,his enemy opponent knocked off his hat. When he realized that his hat had been knocked off,Zi Lu placed down his weapon and said to the enemy soldier,”A nobleman can die,but my attire(服装)must be kept orderly.”But the. moment he bent down to pick up his hat,the enemy soldier seized the opportunity and killed him. According to Zi Lu,his proper appearance,which included his hat,represented his dignity(尊严)， and he would rather die than abandon his dignity.
The formal hat culture of the Han Chinese continued up until the Ming Dynasty.Later after the Manchurians entered the Central Plains(满人入关)，common people in society began to wear hats.
1. For Chinese males in the Han Dynasty,wearing headpieces or hats was.| A．a requirement of acting |
| B．a rule of social etiquette |
| C．a way to show filial piety |
| D．a representation of culture |
| A．the formal hat was a symbol of adulthood |
| B．headwear was nothing but a decoration |
| C．only noble people could afford to wear formal hats |
| D．there existed little distinction between social classes |
| A．how brave a person he was |
| B．how people valued their hats |
| C．how fierce an ancient war was |
| D．how people dealt with etiquette |
| A．society |
| B．technology |
| C．opera |
| D．culture |
8 . Scientists estimate that over 500 million species have died out throughout evolution. Here is a list of 4 incredible extinct animals.
Pinta Island Tortoise
| The giant tortoise of Pinta lived on the island Pinta of the Galapagos Islands,Ecuador. By the end of the nineteenth century,most of the Pinta Island tortoises had been wiped out due to hunting. The last known individual was a male named Lonesome George who died on 24 June 2012. In his later years,he was considered the rarest animal in the world. |
Falkland Islands Wolf
| The Falkland Islands wolf was the only native land mammal of the Falkland Islands. The animal was hunted for his beautiful fur,and the shepherds(牧羊人），considering it a threat to the sheep,poisoned him. On the islands,there were no forests in which the species could take shelter,and its lack of fear towards man made it easy prey to kill. The last known individual died in the late 19th century on the western island. |
Caucasian Wisent
| The Caucasian wisent which went extinct in 1926 inhabited(栖息）the Caucasus mountains. In 1910 their numbers were estimated in the hundreds. When state authority collapsed after the First World War,the remaining population fell victim to hunters. The decline can also be contributed to an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease that was introduced with cattle. |
Javan Tiger
| The Javan tiger is an extinct subspecies of the tiger that was native to the Indonesian island of Java. Very little data was gathered about their behavior before they were driven to extinction. The reduction of its two main prey species,and the modification of its habitat led to the extinction of the subspecies in the 1980s. |
1. According to the passage,which shows the correct order of the animals' extinction?
① Pinta Island tortoise ② Falkland Islands wolf
③ Caucasian wisent ④Javan tiger
| A．②③①④ | B．②③④① |
| C．③②④① | D．③④②① |
| A．Pollution. | B．Disease. |
| C．Hunting. | D．Habitat loss. |
| A．A travel brochure. | B．A news report. |
| C．A nature magazine. | D．A biology textbook. |
9 . The Hodgeheg
By now it was quite late. The rush hour was over. The shops were shut. All was quiet. I'll wait, thought Max, and then when a car or truck comes along, I'll cross in front of it.
Soon he saw something coming. It was a truck. He was halfway across when he suddenly realized that the truck hadn't slowed at all and was almost on top of him, blinding him with its brilliant lights, deafening him with its thunderous roar. It was not going to stop! Trucks stopped only for people-not hedgehogs!
The truck driver had been quite unaware of the tiny pedestrian. With no time to brake, he straddled the little animal. Looking back in his mirror, he saw that it was continuing on its way unhurt, and he grinned and drove on into the night.
The horror of this great monster passing above with its huge wheels on either side of him threw Max into a blind panic, and he made for the end of the crossing as fast as his legs would carry him. He did not see the cyclist and the cyclist, who did not see him until the last moment, caught Max on the bottom and threw him headfirst into the roadside.
The next thing that Max recalled was crawling painfully. Somehow he had managed to come back. He had known nothing of the concern of the cyclist, who had stared at what looked like a small dead hedgehog, sighed, and rode sadly away. He remembered nothing of his journey home, guided only by his sense of smell. All he knew was that he had an awful headache.
The family crowded around him on his return, all talking at once.
“Where have you been all this time?” asked Ma.
“Are you all right, son?” asked Pa.
“Did you cross the road?” they both said, and Peony, Pansy, and Petunia echoed, “Did you? Did you? Did you?”
For a while, Max did not reply. His thoughts were muddled(混乱的), and when he did speak, his words were disordered, too.
“I've got a head on the bump,” he said slowly.
The family looked at one another.
“Something bot me on the hittom,” said Max, “and then I headed my bang. My ache bads headly.”
“But did you cross the road?” cried his sisters.
“Yes,” said Max. “I hound where the humans cross over, but…”
“But the traffic only stops if you're a human?” interrupted Pa.
“Yes,” said Max. “Not if you're a hodgeheg.”
1. What's the correct order of the events that happened?① Max got hit on the bottom and bumped the head.
② Max explained what led him to such a situation.
③ Max was surrounded by the family who were curious and concerned.
④ Max waited for the chance to cross the street.
⑤ Max narrowly escaped being hit by the truck.
⑥ Max managed to return home.
| A．④⑤①⑥②③ | B．④⑤①⑥③② | C．④①⑤⑥②③ | D．④①⑤⑥③② |
| A．Max wanted to find out how to cross the road safely when a vehicle came along. |
| B．Max was seriously injured, so he hurried to the end of the crossing. |
| C．The cyclist sighed sadly because he believed the truck driver had killed Max. |
| D．Peony, Pansy, and Petunia,who echoed “Did you?” were Max's brothers. |
| A．The writer intends to convey some moral ideas to his readers. |
| B．Readers may wonder what is special about the writer's writing techniques. |
| C．It is typical of writers to be creative and try unique ideas. |
| D．Readers' curiosity can be aroused and they will continue reading. |
| A．Serious. | B．Concerned. | C．Casual. | D．Humorous. |
| A．Science fiction. | B．Travel brochure. |
| C．Children's tales. | D．Traffic guidebook. |
10 . Medical Practices in Ancient Egypt
Learning from the Dead
To find out why people have died,today’s medical examiners perform autopsies(尸体解剖).They cut open the body and study its parts.Ancient Egyptians also performed autopsies to help understand causes of death.In addition,autopsies helped ancient Egyptians study the human body.By comparing the hearts of people who were different ages,for example,Egyptians could determine what a young,healthy heart was supposed to look like.
Keeping a Written Record
The Egyptians not only studied the human body,but they also kept detailed records of what they discovered.They wrote and drew their observations on papyrus,a form of paper.The papyrus records became the medical textbooks of that time.Their observations allowed Egyptian doctors to share their knowledge,including how to treat various diseases.
Edwin Smith Papyrus
In 1862,an American named Edwin Smith purchased a medical papyrus in Luxor,Egypt. Smith was not a medical expert,but he knew a lot about old documents.He knew that what he had found was valuable.The papyrus turned out to be an ancient textbook on surgery.The papyrus was probably written around 1600 BC,but it was based on information from a thousand years before that.The papyrus presents the information as case studies,including an analysis of how patients survived or died.
1. By performing autopsies,ancient Egyptians could____| A．determine the causes of illnesses |
| B．learn about different body parts |
| C．keep detailed records on textbooks |
| D．share what they had discovered |
| A．originally written on papyrus |
| B．an ancient medical textbook |
| C．discovered by a medical expert |
| D．written a thousand years before |
| A．a story book |
| B．a health leaflet |
| C．a medical magazine |
| D．a biology textbook |
