1 . Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and some human activities. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.

Create wildlife-friendly areas in your backyard.

When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution.

Besides, bird or bat houses in your yard or garden can attract and shelter more species.

Avoid harming the natural ecosystem (生态系统) in your backyard.

Some plants from other places can kill or harm the native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife.

Have a greener lifestyle.

By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you're not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter.

Buy products that are friendly to wildlife.

Don't buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, or hunters who are eager to earn money with them.

Donate money to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats.

You can give money to organizations of groups that protect wildlife in your neighborhood, thus promoting their work.

1. The purpose of this passage is to _______.

A．tell us why protecting wildlife is extremely important now

B．suggest that we protect wildlife through words

C．explain why protecting wildlife is not as hard as people think

D．give us some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions

2. What behaviour do you think the author would disagree with?

A．Planting proper trees in gardens.

B．Buying a sweater that is made from antelope fur as a gift.

C．Donating some money to WWF.

D．Reading books about wildlife.

3. In which section of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?

A．Environment.	B．Teaching.
C．Business.	D．Geography.

2 . People are making more and more demands on the world’s natural resources. If babies born in 1991 live for eighty years, the human population of the world may be anything from twice to three times the present total by 2070. In other words, they will have to share what is left of the earth’s resources with 15 billion other people. But hopefully there will be a significant decrease in the growth of population. What if this does not happen? The answer is that by the time before the babies born in 1991 reach the age of 40 they could be sharing resources with as many as 10 billion other people.

Limiting the pollution of water and the atmosphere, controlling the output of the chemicals that may be causing the global warming and climate change, and eating less meat may go some way to help, but can anyone seriously imagine that these are going to solve the problems of the“baby class”of 1991?

There is no getting away from the fact that people are responsible for the present state of the world, and only people can solve the problems. The decisions have to be taken by people as members of national and local governments, as leaders and decision-makers in industry; as scientists and technologists; as professional engineers and designers; as religious leaders and individual citizens.

1. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A．Making More Demands on the Natural Resources.

B．Limiting the Pollution of Air and Water

C．Reducing the World Population

D．Saving the Babies of 1991

2. What is meant by“the problems of the ‘baby class’of 1991”?

A．A large number of babies will be born after 1991.

B．Babies born in 1991 won’t live a long life.

C．The children of 1991 are not given good education.

D．The problems caused by babies born in 1991.

3. This short passage is probably taken from

A．a news report

B．a science fiction

C．an article by a medical worker

D．a government report

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the last paragraph as people responsible for the present state of the world?

A．Officials.	B．Industrialists.
C．Businessmen.	D．Scientists.

3 . Even though a lot of art galleries and museums are free in the UK, many people seldom visit them for fear that they won’t understand the art on display. They are afraid that other visitors may be more knowledgeable and that everyone else there understands what the artworks mean. But this simply isn’t true. Everyone is equal in front of an artwork and there are no wrong answers.

Modern art can be particularly difficult to understand and appreciate but enjoying an artwork is a natural gift. Do you like it or not? Do you want to find out more or not? It really is that simple.

A very well-respected art historian, Ernst Gombrich believed that a viewer completed the artwork, and that part of an artwork’s meaning came from the person viewing it. So, you see—even if you don’t have an art history degree, there really are no wrong answers, as the viewer is completing the artwork.

But there are things you can do to understand and appreciate art a little bit more. When I look at an artwork, I undertake a visual analysis. I look at the formal elements—color, texture, size. Imagine we’re viewing a painting. I look at the color; I look at the brushstrokes; I look at what is being described. If you’re looking at artworks in a gallery, read the wall text at the side of the artwork. If staff are present, ask questions. Ask your fellow visitors what they think. Asking questions is the key to understanding more. But above all, have confidence in front of an artwork. If you are appreciating an artwork, then you are the intended viewer and what you think matters. You are the only critic that counts.

1. According to the text, why do people seldom visit museums?

A．Many art museums are free in the UK.

B．They aren’t confident in front of artworks.

C．The artworks there are not completed.

D．They are not interested in artworks.

2. What is Ernst Gombrich’s opinion about artworks?

A．Their meanings vary from person to person.

B．Asking questions is the key to understanding them.

C．It takes an art history degree to appreciate them.

D．They need an analysis of color, texture and size.

3. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A diary.	B．An art magazine.
C．A novel.	D．A science report.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．How to understand art	B．The power of artworks
C．The road to modern art	D．How to open an art gallery

4 . For underwater photographer Brian Skerry, there are good days. The sun shines, the water's clear. But most days aren't like that. The whales don't show up, or there are particles (颗粒)in the water, or wind brings the waves, or the sun dips behind a cloud at the worst moment.

A National Geographic photography fellow and the 2017, Rolex National Geographic Explorer of the Year, Skerry free dives — which means no scuba tanks, no equipment except his fins, mask, and camera. Over the past two years he's spent nine weeks off the eastern Caribbean island of Dominica in a 30-Foot boat running after sperm whales around their warm-water habitat.

Sperm whales are intelligent, and mad, escaping to ocean depths when pursued. Still, their ranks have been thinned by whaling, overfishing, and other contact with humans, to the point that the world's conservationists assess them as either vulnerable or endangered. Skerry wants his photos to inform the scientific research and education efforts that will bring whales more attention and potentially some relief. “I feel a sense of responsibility and urgency to make people care about the marine giants,” he says. “I want to give them, for lack of a better word, some humanity.”

Scientists know sperm whales as the ocean's largest toothed animals that kills other animals. They have the biggest brains of any known animal, can weigh up to 45 tons, and have been observed displaying humanlike qualities, such as curiosity and playfulness. But despite their size and their expressiveness, sperm whales remain one of the ocean's biggest mysteries. Do they share complex ideas?

1. What is "free dives"?

A．Diving without charge.	B．Diving without sponsors.
C．Diving with little equipment.	D．Diving with few regulations.

2. What does the underlined word "vulnerable" probably mean?

A．Easily attacked.	B．Strongly built.
C．Desperately driven.	D．Distantly removed.

3. What can we learn about the sperm whales from the text?

A．Sperm whales are the largest fish in the sea.

B．Sperm whales are as clever as the human being.

C．Sperm whales enjoy being photographed by photographers.

D．Sperm whales' population has declined due to illegal fishing.

4. Where is the text probably taken from?

A．Technology magazine.	B．Tourism advertisement.
C．National geography.	D．Entertainment report.

5 . Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and language problems later in life.

According to the study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, there is a unique antioxidant (抗氧化物质) present in mushrooms that helps protect certain brain functions.

Researchers observed 663 Chinese adults aged over 60 whose diets and lifestyles were tracked from 2011 to 2017. In the study, the participants were asked how often they ate six different types of mushrooms: oyster, shiitake, white button, dried, golden and tinned. The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCi) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share.

MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space. Changes in behavior can be not very noticeable and not serious enough to be known as dementia (痴呆).

Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed. The advantage was reportedly more apparent in those who ate more than two shares a week or more than 300 grams.

The scientists pointed out, however, that they have yet to put up a direct link between the fungi and brain function.

The researchers also acknowledged that since this study mainly relied on self-reported information on mushroom intake and other dietary factors (因素), further studies may be required.

Still, the lead study author Lei Feng is encouraged by their findings.

“This correlation is surprising and encouraging,” Lei said.

Mushrooms are one of the richest dietary sources of ergothioneine — a matter which humans can’t make on our own.

1. What are the findings in paragraph 3 about?

A．Diets and lifestyles.	B．The percent of MCI.
C．The types of mushrooms.	D．The benefit of eating mushrooms.

2. What can we know about MCI?

A．It can strengthen memory.	B．It can result in language problems.
C．It can make people get lost.	D．It can lessen the chance of forgetfulness.

3. What is the result if students often eat more mushrooms?

A．They will take the exams much more easily

B．Their academic performance improves greatly

C．Their thinking ability is better than the majority

D．They will love communicating with others.

4. Where does the text most probably appear?

A．Scientific fiction.	B．An advertisement.
C．A science report.	D．Adult literature.

6 . Festivals in India are the special occasions when the country holds many celebrations. Socially, the whole nation becomes active in celebrations. This is the main reason why festivals in India are celebrated by the whole society. On such occasions, families will get together, exchange gifts and greetings, and take part in a lot of celebrations and even special fairs. All these are done to keep the festive spirit alive in modern times.

What is special about these celebrations in India is that people celebrate their common culture in their communities. There is a wide variety of festivals in India because of the presence(存在)of many different religions, beliefs, ideas and cultures. It is even said that some places in the country celebrate festivals 365 days a year. They are mainly religious festivals, cultural festivals and tourist festivals that are organized to keep the traditions, values and heritage of the region.

Religious festivals are celebrated as part of the Indian belief system. They are organized to honor spiritual personalities and events related to the journey of a religion. Cultural festivals in India are organized to provide a platform for different forms of music, dance and other art. To keep their artistic traditions alive and even make them become more popular in the future, many cities in India are active in cultural events. The rich cultural heritage of India attracts the Western world during the celebration of important festivals such as Onam, Holi and Durga Puja. Tourist festivals in the country are organized to celebrate the heritage of the land for tourism purposes. These celebrations every year bring good results and attract a large number of tourists, both within the country and abroad.

These festivals in India focus on enriching people’s "Indian" experience in the most real way. For this purpose, foreigners are very interested in attending the festivals, which are organized to show the rich and colorful side of the country.

1. In India，the whole nation often celebrates festivals actively to      .

A．have much fun on special occasions	B．exchange special gifts and greetings
C．keep the traditions of their festivals	D．meet all their family members and relatives

2. Why does India have so many festivals?

A．Because the Indians like singing and dancing.

B．Because the Indians want to attract more tourists.

C．Because there are a great number of old attractions.

D．Because there are many different religions, ideas and cultures.

3. The cultural festivals are usually celebrated by      .

A．performing different art forms

B．visiting the famous old buildings

C．having a journey of honoring spiritual personalities

D．getting together and attending fairs

4. In which part of the website can we read this passage?

A．Travel.	B．Culture.
C．Economy.	D．Technology.

7 . Although onions taste delicious, watering eyes come with the process when you cut them up. Thankfully, Good Housekeeping has suggested some tips to prevent yourself from crying while trying to cut up an onion．

According to the findings from the Institute, putting onions in a fridge 30 minutes before cutting can prevent the annoying hurt, as the cold stops tear-jerking (催泪的) gas from being produced.

Another way to reduce the gas released by the onion is to put it in water for a while. Good Housekeeping recommends:“ Cut the end off the onion and then put it straight into a bowl of water. The water will draw out the acid making you tear up less when you cut it.”

When an onion grows, it mixes with sulfur (硫) in the soil to create a special mineral acid. When the onion is cut into pieces, it reacts and creates a gas. As it reaches your face, this annoying gas causes the eyes to produce tears．

The root is where the gases are most concentrated, so it is recommended that this part of the onion be left on as you cut it to avoid uncomfortable eyes. Do this by cutting the vegetable in half down the middle to create a flat surface. Then, place the onion with its flat surface down and cut it towards the root．

Also, to reduce the gas’s effect on your eyes, cut it next to a window or near a fan so the gas is blown away from your face. And take care to use a sharp knife; this will make it easier to move through the vegetable, causing fewer cells to be broken and less gas to be released as a result．

1. Refrigerating the onion before cutting can      ．

A．change its taste

B．make it easier to cut up

C．avoid the appearing of the gas

D．help the gases mix more quickly

2. From the fourth paragraph, what happens when the onion is cut up？

A．Some acid mineral is lost．

B．The tear mixture is created．

C．The sulfur inside it pours out．

D．A chemical reaction produces a gas．

3. Where is this passage most probably taken from？

A．Health Column．

B．Science Journal.

C．Fashion Magazine．

D．Food Guidebook．

4. The main purpose of the text is to      ．

A．advise and explain

B．examine and analyze(分析)

C．argue and discuss

D．present and compare

8 . Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been catching global headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change and threaten biodiversity(生物多样性).

As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is   often called “the lungs of   the world”. It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and 1 million local people. The vast lands of rainforest play an important role in the world’s ecosystem because they take in heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere. They also store carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)and produce oxygen, making sure that less carbon is given off, mitigating the effects of climate change.

“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity,” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. “The shocking threat is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere,” he stressed. “Facing the global climate change, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected,” U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres said.

Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year from a year ago. A total of 71,497 forest fires were recorded in the country in the first eight months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018, INPE said. “It’s reported that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months,” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.

Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose drop could have severe results for global climate and rainfall. The size of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has transcended(超出）Brazil’s borders, reaching Peruvian, Paraguayan and Bolivian areas.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly talking about?

A．The effects of climate change.

B．The role of the Amazon rainforest.

C．The results of the Amazon rainforest fires.

D．The causes of the decreasing biodiversity.

2. Which of the following best explains “mitigating” underlined in Paragraph2?

A．Easing.	B．Causing.
C．Worsening.	D．Benefiting

3. What can we learn from Thomas’s and Antonio’s words?

A．The biodiversity makes the rainforests unique.

B．The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.

C．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.

D．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.

4. Which section of a magazine is this text probably taken from?

A．Sports and music.	B．Science and technology.
C．Nature and geography.	D．Business and culture.

9 .

	Prague is cracking! My sister was right. It really is one of Europe’s most popular tourist attractions, which has beautiful old buildings. So far, my favorite place is Prague Castle. I think it’s the largest ancient castle in the world. Prague also has a lot of cultural events, like the World Dance Festival. I went to a ballet（芭蕾舞剧）just last night. Lilly
	I’ve come to Shanghai at the right time. Summer has begun, but it is not too hot yet. Yesterday was the Dragon Boat Festival. It was exciting! If you come to Shanghai, you should see the Bund — a street with very nice shops, nightclubs, and hotels. There are many tourists there. It has some wonderful buildings from the 1930s. I went on a night cruise（乘船游览）of the Huangpu River last night. I met some great people on the boat, mostly foreigners, like me. Stan
	Buenos Aires is a fun city, but six days is not enough time for a visit! I’m staying near the mile-long shopping street called Calle Florida. It’s a great place to meet people and watch dancers perform the tango. Buenos Aires is the birthplace of the tango. I also spent a day in the suburb of Tigre. It’s about30 km from the capital, but you can get there quickly by train. We set off on the canals（运河）of the Paraná Delta. Melinda

1. What does the underlined word “cracking” mean?

A．Wonderful.	B．Dangerous
C．Tiring.	D．Ancient.

2. It can be learned that Stan _______.

A．had a good time in Shanghai

B．bought many goods at the Bund

C．didn't like the Dragon Boat Festival

D．should have come to Shanghai in another season

3. Both Stan and Melinda ______.

A．saw a lot of old buildings	B．were interested in Chinese culture
C．traveled by train	D．took a boat trip

4. The passage is probably taken out of ______.

A．a history book	B．a news report
C．a personal diary	D．a travel website