1 . Scientists have figured out how COVID-19 causes many people to lose their sense of smell. And they have good news: The loss of their smell appears to be temporary because the actual cells in the nose that recognize smell aren’t harmed.
Temporary loss of smell is called anosmia by doctors. It’s one of the earliest and most commonly reported indicators of COVID-19. In fact, studies suggest it can better predict whether someone likely suffers from the disease than fever and cough.
But to be exact, why people with COVID-19 stop being able to smell was unclear. It was thought that damage or inflammation (炎症) of the sensory nerve cells that detect and send the sense of smell to the brain caused the problem. That turned out to be wrong.
In a paper published on Friday, researchers found that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, attacks the cells that support those smell-detecting neurons (神经元) but not the neurons themselves.
“The novel coronavirus changes the sense of smell in patients not by directly infecting neurons but by affecting the function of those supporting cells,” said Sandeep Robert Datta, a professor at Harvard Medical School.
That’s good news because it means the infection isn’t likely to permanently damage COVID-19 patients’ smell nerves. “Once the infection disappears, smell neurons don’t appear to need to be replaced or rebuilt from scratch,” he said. “But we need more data and a better understanding of the hidden theory to confirm this conclusion.”
COVID-19 patients typically recover their sense of smell over the course of several weeks. In other infections caused by a virus patients can take months to regain their sense of smell.
1. Which can better predict the infection of COVID-19?A.Loss of smell. | B.Constant cough. |
C.High fever. | D.Temporary unconsciousness. |
A.The novel coronavirus changes the sense of smell. |
B.The virus that causes COVID-19 will kill smell nerves. |
C.The virus of COVID-19 doesn’t attack those smell-detecting neurons. |
D.The infection of COVID-19 permanently damages patients’ smell nerves. |
A.To share his or her relevant knowledge. |
B.To prove shorter smell loss of COVID-19 patients. |
C.To introduce the next hot topic about virus infection. |
D.To conclude the bad results of different infections. |
A.Patients living with COVID-19 will soon recover |
B.COVID-19 is easy to predict by several symptoms |
C.Will COVID-19 destroy your nerve system? |
D.Will COVID-19 patients’ smell loss last long? |
In January 2020, my life wasn’t just great. I was the youngest in my amazing group of best friends, I had managed to secure 8 spot on the swim team. Then when February began, I had the best Sweet Sixteen a girl could ask for. Shortly after my birthday, my team traveled for week in Hawaii.
Little did we know we would return to chaos and a complete change of our way of life. It was March 13 and there was talk of school shutting down for two weeks. We were all excited, but on top of the news of the day, some students pulled the fire alarm and we found ourselves in the pouring rain on the wet, muddy field. About to be dismissed for what was only supposed to be a long spring break, my best friends, who I had seen practically every day, made promises to each other about how we would stay close during the lockdown.
Shortly into quarantine(隔离期), I found myself taking up hobbies like learning French, catching up on TV shows, learning piano, and doing anything I could to keep myself busy. At the time, online school was a complete joke. It was all homework because the teachers didn’t know how to teach online yet. Looking back on March 13th, I felt like a fool for thinking two weeks would be a solution to a pandemic(流行病). Months went by and the new school year began. I couldn’t wrap my head around the fact that I went from training in the pool for fifteen hours a week to zero. My desire to catch up on hobbies went away, and the pain of missing my friends came. I was in a battle for my mental and physical health.
注意:1续写词数应为150左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Still, all the same, I felt ever so determined to climb out of the darkness.
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I made a New Year’s resolution to become more devoted to my studies.
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We are deeply saddened by the passing of Dr. Li Wenliang.
Dr. Li Wenliang, one of the eight “whistle-blowers”, who tried
May God bless (保佑) all the courageous
4 . After persuading most of his patients, his wife and son to go back to France following the lockdown of Wuhan, Philippe Klein, a French doctor, decided to stay in the epicenter during the COVID-19 outbreak.
“I am a doctor, so I have to do my job and do my
Before authorities in Wuhan
Following the outbreak, he closed his
But while he continued to see his patients, Klein found some had fever and he might be
“When I came back home after seeing patients, I didn’t feel very comfortable. I really did not want to put my family
In addition to his sense of duty as a doctor, he said he also chose to stay because of his deep
“People in Wuhan are very friendly to French, and here I feel like a star sometimes,” he said.
“The last month was the craziest month in my
A.share | B.duty | C.thing | D.bit |
A.sealed | B.decorated | C.damaged | D.saved |
A.contain | B.decrease | C.fuel | D.cancel |
A.healed | B.recovered | C.served | D.cured |
A.studio | B.clinic | C.agency | D.firm |
A.finance | B.analyses | C.relief | D.diagnoses |
A.tested | B.influenced | C.infected | D.detected |
A.in trouble | B.in danger | C.in anxiety | D.in progress |
A.departed | B.left | C.flew | D.parted |
A.love | B.influence | C.attitude | D.association |
A.Sensing | B.Witnessing | C.Smiling | D.Hearing |
A.contribution | B.point | C.effect | D.difference |
A.offer | B.promise | C.risk | D.sacrifice |
A.handy | B.professional | C.productive | D.adequate |
A.meet with | B.come back | C.take off | D.pay off |
President Xi Jinping signed a presidential order on Tuesday
Zhong Nanshan, 84,
Three others were also awarded the “People's Hero" national honorary title for helping fight against the novel corona-virus (新冠病毒).They are Zhang Boli, a
Zhong also has long been devoted to the research, prevention and
6 . COVID herd immunity (群体免疫) will not happen in 2021
World Health Organization (WHO) chief scientist Soumya Swaminathan said Monday that herd immunity to coronavirus would not be achieved in 2021, despite the growing availability of vaccines (疫苗产量).
Factors that delay herd immunity include limited access to vaccines in developing countries, skepticism (怀疑) over vaccination, and the potential for virus mutations (变异), according to health experts.
A growing number of countries around the world, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Germany and other European Union countries, are in the first stages of mass-vaccination campaigns.
Herd immunity occurs when enough people in a population have immunity to an infection (感染) so that it prevents the disease from spreading.
“We are not going to achieve any levels of population immunity or herd immunity in 2021,” Swaminathan said, while emphasizing that measures like physical distancing, hand washing and mask wearing continue to be necessary in controlling COVID’s spread for the rest of the year.
However, Swaminathan praised the “incredible progress” made by vaccine researchers to develop several safe and effective vaccines at unprecedented (空前的) speed. Countries are currently administering vaccines developed by BioNTech-Pfizer, Oxford University AstraZeneca and Moderna.
“The vaccines are going to come,” she said. “They are going to go to all countries, but meanwhile we mustn’t forget that there are measures that work,” she added, referring to hygiene (卫生) and social distancing.
“We won’t get back to normal quickly,” Dale Fisher, chairman of the WHO’s Outbreak Alert and Response Network, told a conference hosted by Reuters news agency. “We know we need to get to herd immunity and we need that in a majority of countries, but we are not going to see that in 2021,” Fisher said. “There might be some countries that might achieve it but even then that will not create normal especially in terms of border controls,” he added.
1. Which of the following are not the factors that delay herd immunity?A.People are skeptical about vaccination. |
B.Access to vaccines in developing countries is limited. |
C.A growing number of countries begin mass-vaccination campaigns. |
D.Virus mutations are likely to happen. |
A.Vietnam. | B.Germany. | C.Singapore. | D.the United Kingdom. |
A.In many countries in 2021, people will live a normal life in terms of border controls. |
B.If some countries might achieve herd immunity, people will live a “normal” life. |
C.In terms of good border controls, we can achieve herd immunity. |
D.There maybe a long way to get to herd immunity all over the world. |
A.Positive. | B.Negative. | C.Critical. | D.neutral. |
7 . Jamin Crow waited silently for the bull moose (麋鹿) to turn and face him. In the cold, the teen stood with his gun resting on a branch. He waited and waited. Then the moose turned, and his brother started to yell, "Shoot!” If Crow didn't shoot, his brother would. So Crow took a deep breath and pulled the trigger. "I look at my brother and he's giving me the happiest look I've ever seen," he says.
Crow lives in Bethel, in the remote region of Alaska. For generations, his family has practiced subsistence (生存) hunting to get food on the table. The process hasn't changed much. The Crows use motor boats and snowmobiles to get to their moose camp which serves as a home base while they're on hunting trips. "Food is very expensive here. You have to ship everything up," Crow says. "We don't go out just for the antlers (鹿角).We're not looking for prize. We're not hunting for something big. We're looking for meat to feed our families. "
Crow is one of three Alaska Native students-along with Kaylee King and Ethan Lincoln — who recorded their hunting tradition before they graduated last spring. Their record was chosen as a finalist in this year's NPR Student Record Challenge. The three students say hunting helped them get through the isolation of the pandemic, when their schools and many other activities like sports were shut down because of COVIE-19. The students explain that, as time goes by, fewer and fewer people are practicing hunting.
"It makes me really sad because the way we used to do things is so different from how we do them now," Crow says. "Even our language is slowly fading away." For the students, the practice of hunting allows them to connect with older generations. "Whenever I go out hunting with my granny, I'm always hearing past stories about when my dad was a kid and he went hunting or my late grandpa how he would just take the family up." Crow says.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?A.To reach a conclusion. |
B.To summarize the essay. |
C.To provide background information. |
D.To introduce the major character in the essay. |
A.It is popular with the youth. |
B.It is hard to give up the tradition. |
C.It is tough to keep this tradition alive. |
D.It is vital to share the tradition with friends. |
A.Sympathetic. | B.Tolerant. | C.Conservative. | D.Ambitious. |
A.Hunting in the wild is banned |
B.Students do hunting for fun |
C.Schools were shut down |
D.Students went traditional hunting |
My fiancé (未婚夫) and I were engaged in December 2019 and
9 . Many workers have had no choice but to adapt to working from home in recent months since offices shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情). And the noisy situation and endless housework may result in a terrible emotion. A new option is waiting for you. That is WFH: work from a hotel.
Hotel Figuero
A special program titled Work Perks aims to reposition some of 94-year-old Hotel Figuero’s 268 rooms as day-use offices.
According to Managing Director Connie Wang, the set-up launched in June and is a great opportunity to get out of their houses with high-speed Wi-Fi, unlimited printing privileges and free parking. The 350-square-foot rooms sell for $ 139 per day, with an option to extend to an overnight stay for an additional $ 30.
The Wythe
A boutique hotel in Brooklyn. The hotel recently announced a partnership with co-working office space company Industrious through which it is recycling 13 second-story guest rooms to serve as offices for up to four people.
The Sawyer
The Sawyer, in Sacramento, California, is offering pool cabanas (更衣室) for use as outdoor offices, complete with fast Wi-Fi, free parking and catered lunch for $ 150 per day.
Each of the rooms has a small outdoor platform, and dogs are welcome. Pricing starts at $ 200 and goes up to $ 275, depending on how many people use the space.
Hotels By Day
Yannis Moati founded Hotels By Day back in 2015. That company has grown to include more than 1,500 hotels, and has seen a significant increase in the number of inquiries for day-use bookings lately.
Moati said the current situation will force hotels to upgrade themselves to stay alive, and he predicted that offering rooms for day-use only is one of the directions they will go.
1. How much should one pay for a 24-hour stay in Hotel Figuero?A.$ 129. | B.$ 150. |
C.$ 169. | D.$ 200. |
A.The Wythe | B.The Sawyer. |
C.Hotels By Day. | D.Hotel Figuero. |
A.He started a program titled Work Perks. |
B.He has upgraded at least 1,500 rooms. |
C.He usually predicts everything correctly. |
D.He is optimistic about the WFH trend. |
10 . As workers return to the office, friends meet up and religious services move from online to in person, people are asking the question: to shake hands or not to shake hands? When the coronavirus (新冠病毒) crisis first began, an event planning business in Kansas City began selling “I Shake Hands” stickers.
Diane Gottsman is a national etiquette (礼仪) expert. She said though the country is entering a time similar to the start of the pandemic, when people wanted to know if others were socially distancing before getting close to them, she does not think the handshake will go away because of the pandemic.
At the beginning of the pandemic, some companies offered to create new workplace rules, such as a no-handshake policy. But there was not enough interest for people.
A.You'd better avoid shaking hands. |
B.The handshake has been around for centuries. |
C.The words were meant to make social situations easier. |
D.Anyway, people long for human interaction and human touch. |
E.Etiquette means the rules making up the correct way to behave in society. |
F.He thinks people are overthinking the question of whether to shake hands or not. |
G.It's a really hard greeting to deny as it has been deep-rooted since we were young. |