1 . Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently. The device, which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball, may outperform human eyes.
The human eye owes its wide field of view and clear eyesight to the retina (视网膜) — an area at the back of the eyeball covered in light-detecting cells. The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball, an artificial retina is lined with Nan scale light sensors (纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens (晶状体) at the front of the eye. Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor, similar to the way nerve networks connect the eyeball to the brain.
“In the future, we can use this to replace damaged human eyes,” says the lead designer. In theory, this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye, because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter. Besides, the artificial eyeball records changes in lighting faster than human eyes can — within about 30 to 40 milliseconds, rather than 40 to 150 milliseconds. Although its 100-degree field of view isn’t as broad as the150 degrees a human eye can take in, the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light.
Hongrui Jiang, an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin, though, thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight, which is super hard to achieve.
1. Why does Zhiyong Fan develop the artificial eye?A.To replace people’s real eyeballs. | B.To gain a sharper vision. |
C.To help the blind regain their eyesight. | D.To help normal eyes perform better. |
A.The design of the artificial eye. | B.The structure of the human eye. |
C.The advantages of the artificial eye. | D.The material used for the artificial eye. |
A.They have the same structure. |
B.The artificial eye may see more clearly. |
C.The human eye sees better in weak light. |
D.The artificial eye takes in a broader view. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Favorable. | C.Unconcerned. | D.Satisfied. |
2 . I like joking. I was always the joker, the one who could make people laugh by some jokes. I was
However, it all changed when I changed schools. I used to make fun of everybody with my
I was never your normal high school mean girl. I never understood why what I said could hurt others. I
One day, while looking for my earphone in my room, I found a long lost video
At night in my room I started crying, tears of
A.never | B.really | C.always | D.often |
A.old | B.real | C.bad | D.young |
A.loudly | B.purposely | C.happily | D.slowly |
A.even if | B.as if | C.only if | D.what if |
A.However | B.Therefore | C.Otherwise | D.Furthermore |
A.quiet | B.noisy | C.sad | D.excited |
A.discouraged | B.made | C.asked | D.gave |
A.please | B.describe | C.interest | D.attract |
A.hated | B.missed | C.encouraged | D.understood |
A.home | B.school | C.church | D.farm |
A.Confused | B.Surprised | C.Interested | D.Frightened |
A.stricter | B.meaner | C.better | D.happier |
A.box | B.earphone | C.TV | D.camera |
A.realize | B.think | C.doubt | D.imagine |
A.books | B.videos | C.photos | D.films |
A.saw | B.recalled | C.dreamed | D.thought |
A.loneliness | B.sadness | C.kindness | D.happiness |
A.to | B.on | C.off | D.with |
A.mattered | B.puzzled | C.happened | D.took |
A.floor | B.sweat | C.tears | D.dust |
3 . Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie, says the Italian health ministry. It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.
“Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade,” the ministry said in a statement. “Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment.”
It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heatwaves like the one that has brought Africa-like temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.
The move reacts to a similar action from Italy’s biggest oil group, ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work. The tie makers, however, were left hot under the collar.
“Italy confirms (证实) that it is a strange country,” Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily IL Sole~24ORE under the headline: “I, tie maker, am responsible for global warming.”
“We can now happily continue with our lifestyle, using cars, consuming fuel, heating and cooling our homes at leisure. On one condition: we should not wear a tie while we do so,” he wrote.
“I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead.”
Italy is one of the European Union’s worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed (超出) their greenhouse gas emission (排放) targets.
1. What’s the purpose of the move of taking off ties?A.To dress casually. | B.To fight global warming. |
C.To keep the body temperature. | D.To improve working conditions. |
A.ENI. | B.Flavio Cima. |
C.A financial daily. | D.The Italian health ministry. |
A.Angry. | B.Speechless. |
C.Delighted. | D.Puzzled. |
A.He stands by the oil group. | B.He agrees with the ministry. |
C.He admits his responsibility. | D.He argues against taking off ties. |
The computer is widely used in our daily life. It is a machine that
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Alex对你校下周将举行的校园汉服节(the Hanfu Festival)很感兴趣。请给他写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.活动时间、地点;
2.活动内容;
3.邀请参加。
注意:1.写作词数应为100-120左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答;
3.可适当增加细节,使行文连贯。
Dear Alex,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
6 . How many friends do you have? Not counting the hundreds on Facebook or the names gathering dust in your address book. But real friends, the ones cast in stone. The kind who would lend you $100 without asking why, or put you up if you were kicked out of your house.
Anthropologist Prof Robin Dunbar feels he can put a number on it: five. No matter how much of a social butterfly you are, you can count your real pals on one hand, he says. To that he says you can add an ideal number of 15 “good friends”, the kind of people you would see in a group and would join for a drink if you bumped into them in the pub, and up to 150 “meaningful contacts”.
Prof Dunbar’s latest research is an exact formula(公式) for friendship: new friendships take 34 hours of one-on-one time to form, in which you’d spend an ideal duration of three hours and four minutes per interaction together over the course of six months. Note that this is to turn an acquaintance into a friend, not one of the close friends that makes up your inner circle of five—to do that, you’d have to devote 90 hours, according to a 2018 University of Kansas study.
According to the experts, the pandemic years have changed the number and nature of our friendship. It gave people more grounds for disagreement: over adherence(遵守) to social-distancing rules, for example. Plenty of people lost relationships in the cracks. “We are always on the outlook for new and better friends, but lockdown has had a big effect in making people reevaluate,” says Dunbar. “Perhaps they’ve decided the time has come to part with some and therefore there’s an empty space to fill.”
The forecast for British friendship was already gloomy before the pandemic. Three million people said they feel lonely “often or always”, according to the Government’s 2019 community life survey. But the average British adult lost four friends over the course of the pandemic, according to the poll.
1. What does the underlined expression “cast in stone” probably mean?A.Firmly connected. | B.Interested in stones. |
C.Living nearby. | D.Extremely generous. |
A.34 hours of one-on-one time. |
B.90 hours of interaction. |
C.Six months of one-on-one time. |
D.Three hours and four minutes of interaction. |
A.The more sociable you are, the more real friends you can make. |
B.It’s much easier for people to make friends online. |
C.The more friends you make, the happier your life will be. |
D.There is a limit to the number of real friends in your life. |
A.Whether to part with some old friends. |
B.How to make better friends. |
C.Whether to obey social distancing. |
D.How to limit the number of friends. |
Dear Li Hua, How are you? A new law has been passed in my city. Smoking is banned in public places. I think it is a wise decision. Do you think so? Best wishes, Jenny |
1. 表明你的观点;
2. 给出理由(至少两点);
3. 得出结论。
注意:1. 词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数);2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Jenny,
I’m happy to receive your email.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
8 . Chongqing, a city of more than 32 million people, faced an unheard-of test this summer with a heat wave and drought causing a series of large wildfires since Aug 17.
Local residents have safeguarded their hometown in every way possible, with thousands of volunteers from all walks of life fighting the fires with professionals.
Under a very hot sun, some residents used chain saws(锯) to fell trees to make fire barriers. Others rode motorcycles on newly formed paths to take firefighters and supplies up a mountain, while some volunteers carried food and drinks on their backs by foot. Women and children helped organize supplies and clear the ground, and performed other essential tasks.
On Thursday night, as wildfires approached a man-made barrier on Jinyun Mountain in Beibei district, a total of more than 1000 firefighters and volunteers stood alongside the barrier with fire extinguishers. Seen from overhead, their lights formed a silver wall against the raging fire.
The residents’ stories have touched many people.
“Chongqing people are really amazing.“ said Du Hailang, head of the Beijing Emergency Rescue Association, an NGO founded in 2007 that has taken part in many overseas rescue operations. Du and 10 other members of the association joined the fire rescue team in Chongqing last week.
“The man-made wall was unbelievable, but shocking. It really showed Chinese people’s determination to defend their homeland.” Du said.
The outstanding work of the volunteers and the hospitality of local residents impressed the firefighters, too···
Bai Xueguang, from Gansu Forest Fire Brigade, said, “I never imagined that I would have ice cream and cold drinks at a fire rescue site.”
Zhou Hongyu, from Yunnan Forest Fire Brigade, said every volunteer he met at the scene asked him if he needed anything “It was the first time I had taken a motorcycle to reach a fire scene. We really appreciate the locals’ hospitality. Their support has been wonderful.” Zhou said.
1. What test that never had happened before did Chongqing face this summer?A.A heat wave. | B.Drought. | C.Wildfires | D.Flood. |
A.To show their enthusiasm. | B.To impress professional firefighters. |
C.To get paid from it. | D.To protect their homeland. |
A.Responsible and helpful | B.Enthusiastic and faithful |
C.Reliable and honest | D.Ambitious and determined |
A.No pains, no gains. | B.Hard work pays off. |
C.Love breaks down barriers. | D.Many hands make light work. |
9 . Much information can be conveyed, purely through our eyes, so the expression “eyes also talk” is often heard.
Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement? On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger, but not make eye contact. if he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.
It is the same in daily life. If you are started for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry about other’s staring at you that way. Eyes do convey information, right?
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. If a man looks at a woman for more than ten seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze, his intentions are obvious. That is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.
However, the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking,to tell him that he is attentive.
If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, as if he tries to control you, you will feel uneasy. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes the false ideas that to look straight in the eyes is a sign of honest communication.
In fact, continuous eye contact happens between lovers only, who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show love that words can’t express.
Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.
1. What may a person usually do on a bus?A.Glance at a stranger with eye contact. |
B.Use eyes to talk to a stranger politely. |
C.Glance at a stranger without eye contact. |
D.Talk to a stranger politely after a quick glance. |
A.He likes her eyes. | B.He admires her. |
C.He knows her well. | D.He makes contact with her. |
A.He thinks that he is honest. |
B.He wants to control the victim. |
C.He feels uneasy about other’s eye contact. |
D.He looks straight at the victim for too long a time. |
A.Environment | B.History |
C.Sport | D.Manner |
10 . British Museum
Located in Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3DG, the British Museum houses a vast collection of world art and artifacts and is free to all visitors. The British Museums surprising collection spans over two million years of human history and culture, and it has more than 7 million objects, so it would probably take a week to see everything.
Over 6 million visitors every year experience the collection, including world-famous objects such as the Rosetta Stone and Egyptian mummies.
Admission (入场费) and opening times
Free, open daily from 10:00 to 17:30.
Open until 20:30 on Fridays,except Good Friday.
Closed on 24, 25 and 26 December and 1 January.
Large luggage (行李), suitcases and cabin baggage
For everyone’s safety, all bags, packages and personal items may be searched before entry. Wheeled cases and large items of luggage are not allowed on British Museum for safety and security reasons. Storage for luggage is available at major rail stations, including Euston, Kings Cross and Charring Cross.
Membership
Membership allows you to discover two million years of human history with free unlimited entry to special exhibitions.
Individual (个人) membership: $74
Under 26 membership: $54
Young friends (ages 8—15):$25
Shops
The Museum has four shops where you can buy books, souvenirs, and family gifts.
1. When can you visit the British Museum?A.At 9:00 Friday. | B.On Christmas Day. |
C.At 12:00 Monday. | D.On Good Friday. |
A.At some crossings. | B.At major train stations. |
C.In the hall of the Museum. | D.At the entrance to the Museum. |
A.79. | B.99. | C.128. | D.148. |