1 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock     1     can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down     2     1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is     3     (extreme) accurate as well.

2 . 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Alexander Fleming was born     1     August 6, 1881, on a farm near Darvel, Scotland. When he was twenty, Fleming took an entrance examination for medical school and scored the highest of all students in the UK. Offered his choices of schools, Fleming     2     (choose) the one at St Mary's Hospital in London. In the fall of 1928, the penicillin (青霉素)     3     (discover) by Fleming. He received the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945 because the penicillin saved the     4     (life) of thousands of wounded people during World War Ⅱ.

3 . 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Nowadays, there exists a common scene. A man     1    (walk) on the sidewalk, a smartphone in hand and fully absorbed in the digital world. Just as     2     computers achieved before, smartphones     3     (change) our life now.

7 . People from East Asia tend to have more difficulties than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.

Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.

“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.”

According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.

The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion. Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”

In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.

1. What does the discovery show about Westerners?

A．They pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth.

B．They consider facial expressions universally reliable.

C．They observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways.

D．They have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions.

2. What were the people asked to do in the study?

A．To get their faces impressive.	B．To make a face at each other.
C．To classify some face pictures.	D．To observe the researchers’ faces.

3. In companion with Westerners, what are Easterners likely to do?

A．They do translation more successfully.	B．They study the mouth more frequently.
C．They examine the eyes more attentively.	D．They read facial expressions more correctly.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul	B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills	D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

8 . Painting

The art of creating pictures using colors, shapes and lines is called painting. Museums and galleries show the paintings of professional artists. But painting is also a popular form of entertainment and creative expression.

    1     Experienced painters usually use a brush to apply oil paints to a canvas cloth surface. Young painters usually use watercolors on pieces of paper. Very young children may use finger-paints to create paintings.

Painters can use their art to express devotion to a religion, to tell a story, to express feelings and ideas, or simply to present a pleasing picture. Religious paintings often show a god or a scene from a sacred text. Other common subjects have been famous legends and events in history, as well as scenes from daily life. Artists also paint portraits (肖像), or pictures of people.     2     All of these types of paintings show the human figure in some way.

Some kinds of paintings do not focus on people. In landscape (风景) paintings, the focus is on scenes from nature. Artists also paint still objects such as fruit and vegetables.     3     Some artists communicate their ideas through pictures that do not represent any objects.

    4     Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.

    5     Samples of painted pottery (陶器) from at least 5,000 years ago have been found in China and Iran. The ancient Egyptians decorated their temples with beautiful paintings. People in ancient Greece painted on decorative objects such as vases in addition to the walls of temples.

A．These works are called still lives.

B．These works can communicate a special feeling.

C．Humans have been making paintings for thousands of years.

D．People of all ages create pictures using a variety of materials.

E．Cave paintings generally show animals that early humans hunted.

F．The design of a painting is the plan of its lines, shapes and colors.

G．Sometimes artists make portraits of themselves, which are called self-portraits.

9 . Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature

Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure.

The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame.     1     They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.

The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind.     2     Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies.     3     The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.

    4     Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.

These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise.     5    

A．Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.

B．In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.

C．In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.

D．The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.

E．The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.

F．Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.

G．They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.