1 . Happiness is not a warm phone, according to a new study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).
To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.
On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions.
"The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."
Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness in U. S. teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep.
1. Which method did Twenge's team use for the study?A.Calculating students' happiness. |
B.Asking students certain questions. |
C.Analyzing data from a survey. |
D.Doing experiments on screen time. |
A.By making a comparison. |
B.By giving an example. |
C.By making an argument. |
D.By introducing a concept. |
A.To draw a conclusion from the study. |
B.To offer some advice to the readers. |
C.To prove social activities' importance. |
D.To support the researchers' finding. |
A.Quitting Phones Equals Happiness |
B.Screen Time Should Be Banned |
C.Teens' Lives Have Changed Sharply |
D.Screen-addicted Teens Are Unhappier |
2 . Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.
In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.
It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. What’s more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what’s happening with the infection, if there’s an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDT.
We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science — like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.
The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound, the better. Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.
1. What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do?A.Avoid the use of antibiotics. | B.Clear out harmful bacteria. |
C.Detect bacterial infections. | D.Increase treatment options. |
A.It saves much time and cost. | B.It removes the risk of infection. |
C.It prevents the bacterial resistance. | D.It improves doctor-patient relationship. |
A.Traditional bandages are out of use now. |
B.More smart bandages will be developed. |
C.Progress in science calls for more research. |
D.People are urged to study medical science. |
A.A successful test on mice. | B.A colour-changing bandage. |
C.Sensing drug-resistant bacteria. | D.Preventing abuse of antibiotics. |
3 . Do you know that some people have memories that are completely wrong? They remember things that never happened. Sometimes, many people have the same wrong memory. When this happens, it’s believed that it is because of the Mandela Effect.
People first noticed the Mandela Effect in 2013. That year, Nelson Mandela passed away. However, thousands of people remembered him dying in the 1980s. They described watching his funeral on TV. But in fact, Mandela lived to be 95 years old. How could that be? How could so many people have the same wrong memory?
Most experts explain the Mandela Effect using brain science. When we make memories our brains keep them in groups. Each group includes memories that are similar to each other. Sometimes, our brains mess up. They mix two similar memories together. That’s why people thought Nelson Mandela died in the 1980s. They knew he was imprisoned (坐牢) during the 1980s. For some reason, they mixed his imprisonment with his death.
That would explain why so many people in 2013 thought Nelson Mandela was already dead. But would it explain why all those people gave similar descriptions of his funeral? Could all those people have mixed up the same two memories?
Another theory about the basis for the Mandela effect originates from quantum physics (量子物理学) and relates to the idea that rather than one timeline of events, it is possible that alternate realities or universes are taking place and mixing with our timeline. In theory, this would result in groups of people having the same memories because the timeline has been changed as we shift between these different realities. You aren’t alone if you think this sounds a little unrealistic.
There are many other examples of the Mandela Effect. Have you ever seen the Mona Lisa? Many people remember the woman in the painting with a frown or was straight-faced. If you look at the Mona Lisa today, you'll find she’s smiling. Do you know where New Zealand is in relation to Australia? However, there is a community of people who claim to remember New Zealand being northeast instead of southeast.
Are these wrong memories the result of mixed memories, or is there another explanation? Without further science research, we can’t say for sure!
1. The Mandela Effect refers to a phenomenon ________.A.created by the former South African president Nelson Mandela |
B.describing how some people have worse memory than others |
C.about a large number of people watching Mandela's funeral on TV |
D.where many people have the same wrong memory about something |
A.By making comparison. | B.By listing figures. |
C.By giving examples. | D.By drawing conclusions. |
A.Our brains may mix similar memories together sometimes. |
B.People might make up stories with imagination sometimes. |
C.Things from other universes might be mixing with our timeline. |
D.All the explanations don’t sound reasonable or realistic. |
A.science journal | B.advertisement |
C.book review | D.magazine article |
4 . “Good Night Lights” began as a game,with the effort of Steve Brosnihan, a cartoonist volunteering at Hasbro Children’s Hospital. He
As he left, Brosnihan told the
Brosnihan made it a(an)
Good Night Lights has been such a simple,
“It would be very hard not to do this
Brosnihan hopes it
A.rushes | B.moves | C.checks | D.marches |
A.put | B.turn | C.cheer | D.bring |
A.visit | B.show | C.experience | D.journey |
A.strange | B.exciting | C.similar | D.different |
A.colleague | B.teenager | C.doctor | D.friend |
A.biked | B.ran | C.fled | D.walked |
A.park | B.hospital | C.road | D.bike |
A.in return | B.in order | C.in response | D.in place |
A.ceremony | B.activity | C.habit | D.routine |
A.logical | B.unique | C.fun | D.important |
A.local | B.generous | C.native | D.distant |
A.fires | B.forks | C.plates | D.lights |
A.hit | B.wonder | C.start | D.tradition |
A.and | B.yet | C.or | D.so |
A.given | B.crowded | C.involved | D.participated |
A.once | B.whether | C.while | D.as |
A.waste | B.enjoy | C.spend | D.suffer |
A.grows | B.spreads | C.discovers | D.deepens |
A.give up | B.set up | C.pick up | D.build up |
A.design | B.invite | C.open | D.create |