1 . Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed, but according to a study of Russian readers, it doesn’t
“Overall, previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency and
One of the language processing theories examined was the noisy channel model, which proposes that our brain deals with noise by looking at the meaning of
The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding. By focusing less on the precise words, our brains can
To see how reading was affected by noise
“In both experiments, we observed that longer total reading time was
There’s a lot going on in this study, but overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory and an indication that auditory and visual noise doesn’t make us
With so many variables to measure in terms of what’s being read and what the
A.reinforce | B.estimate | C.affect | D.interpret |
A.First of all | B.For example | C.Above all | D.To start with |
A.context | B.efficiency | C.comprehension | D.device |
A.evaluated | B.identified | C.established | D.employed |
A.individual | B.different | C.new | D.unfamiliar |
A.confirm | B.imply | C.refer | D.infer |
A.exploit | B.spare | C.commit | D.consume |
A.on account of | B.regardless of | C.in regard to | D.in contrast to |
A.make up for | B.live up to | C.catch up with | D.put up with |
A.declined | B.shrank | C.expanded | D.increased |
A.embarrassing | B.depressing | C.puzzling | D.annoying |
A.associated | B.compared | C.replaced | D.mixed |
A.take | B.set | C.rely | D.base |
A.accompanying | B.strange | C.deafening | D.distant |
A.Therefore | B.However | C.Instead | D.Otherwise |
2 . Scientific discovery is popularly believed to result from the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. Our view of such unique contributions to science often
Consider one
What are we to make of this story? We propose that science is constantly
Plenty of other stories show that fresh advances can arise from error, misadventure, and also pure serendipity — a happy
A.overlooks | B.enriches | C.questions | D.reflects |
A.Aiming at | B.Longing for | C.Holding back | D.Setting aside |
A.native | B.creative | C.subjective | D.sensitive |
A.stressed | B.unrecognized | C.celebrated | D.respected |
A.suspicious | B.concerned | C.wrong | D.guilty |
A.tested | B.rejected | C.accepted | D.proposed |
A.got rid of | B.made room for | C.jumped off from | D.put up with |
A.struggling | B.reversing | C.evolving | D.shrinking |
A.result from | B.contribute to | C.depart from | D.relate to |
A.priorities | B.trials | C.advances | D.obstacles |
A.If | B.Until | C.While | D.Unless |
A.Responsibility | B.Prejudice | C.Dislike | D.Support |
A.doubted | B.neglected | C.foreseen | D.exceeded |
A.motivation | B.modification | C.dedication | D.publication |
A.occasion | B.life | C.accident | D.ending |
3 . On a bright sunny day, I stared my day off by volunteering at the L. A. Food Bank. My reason for volunteering at the food bank was to satisfy my need to help others and leave a
By helping pack food items. I was able to make as significant impact on my community by helping people fight
A.change | B.message | C.blank | D.chance |
A.established | B.examined | C.entered | D.equipped |
A.shabby | B.steady | C.tidy | D.noisy |
A.check in | B.give up | C.show off | D.move out |
A.aid | B.duties | C.awards | D.test |
A.appointed | B.begged | C.forced | D.persuaded |
A.consumed | B.inspected | C.searched | D.replaced |
A.abandoned | B.delivered | C.packed | D.explored |
A.represent | B.shelter | C.deserve | D.contain |
A.studio | B.factory | C.museum | D.theatre |
A.bank | B.list | C.step | D.row |
A.quickly | B.secretly | C.casually | D.anxiously |
A.burden | B.thought | C.regret | D.interest |
A.recognize | B.welcome | C.help | D.visit |
A.focus | B.respect | C.wisdom | D.ambition |
A.understood | B.counted | C.led | D.heard |
A.leadership | B.technical | C.social | D.business |
A.prove | B.discover | C.stress | D.guarantee |
A.fear | B.loneliness | C.hunger | D.doubt |
A.direction | B.identity | C.belonging | D.satisfaction |
4 . Biology is making it clearer that a man’s health and well-being have a measurable impact on his future children’s health and happiness. This is not because a strong, responsible man has a greater
Doctors have been telling men for years that smoking, drinking and recreational drugs can lower the
Lately scientists have been obsessed with(着迷于)a means of
In the past decade or so, the study of epigenetics has become so
A.passion | B.likelihood | C.opportunity | D.value |
A.lifestyle | B.genetic | C.habitual | D.parental |
A.long before | B.long after | C.as long as | D.shortly after |
A.quantity | B.quality | C.value | D.size |
A.release | B.produce | C.absorb | D.consume |
A.Moreover | B.On the contrary | C.In other words | D.On the other hand |
A.vital | B.potential | C.distinct | D.biological |
A.inheritance | B.growth | C.development | D.breeding |
A.where | B.why | C.when | D.how |
A.regulating | B.determining | C.defining | D.testing |
A.serious | B.popular | C.significant | D.sensitive |
A.at the most | B.at the least | C.in general | D.to some degree |
A.intelligence | B.culture | C.environment | D.psychology |
A.shocks | B.strikes | C.discourages | D.inspires |
A.experience | B.suffer | C.support | D.comprehend |
5 . With advances in electronics and neuroscience, researchers have been able to achieve remarkable things with brain implant devices. In addition to restoring physical senses, scientists are also seeking innovative ways to
For years, scientists have been trying to control and use neutral inputs to give a voice back to people whose neurological damage prevents them from talking. Until now, many of these brain-computer interfaces have
The brain is undamaged in these patients, but the neurons - the pathways that
The researchers started with high-resolution brain activity data collected from five volunteers over several years. These participants - all of whom had normal speech function - were already undergoing a
From there, the UCSF team worked out a two-stage process to recreate the spoken sentences. First, they created a decoder to
Other research has tried to decode words and sounds directly from neural signals,
Using this method, the researchers successfully reverse-engineered words and sentences from brain activity that
A.offer | B.facilitate | C.initiate | D.influence |
A.signs | B.consciousness | C.signals | D.waves |
A.featured | B.neglected | C.rejected | D.missed |
A.expressions | B.muscles | C.languages | D.masks |
A.contribute to | B.communicate with | C.match with | D.lead to |
A.daily | B.delicate | C.repetitive | D.tough |
A.growing | B.producing | C.checking | D.monitoring |
A.track | B.map | C.organize | D.design |
A.copy | B.transform | C.follow | D.interpret |
A.physical | B.virtual | C.individual | D.external |
A.considering | B.creating | C.skipping | D.moving |
A.other than | B.aside from | C.regardless of | D.rather than |
A.roughly | B.barely | C.similarly | D.formally |
A.spell | B.identify | C.parallel | D.invent |
A.version | B.fluency | C.pronunciation | D.accuracy |
6 . There aren’t enough resources to identify and cure the factors that are causing populations of animals around the world to decline. Artificial intelligence might have the power to change that.
When an endangered seabird hits a power line, it
His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Preservation Metrics, a company that assists preservation efforts with AI
In science fiction stories such as The Matrix, AI-powered machines take over the world and end life on the planet as we know it. But
By many
Humans,
In large national parks and wildlife reserves,
We still face many challenges to
A.makes a sound | B.catches fire | C.keeps the distance | D.takes chances |
A.affected | B.preserved | C.recorded | D.attracted |
A.unlawfully | B.instantly | C.frequently | D.deliberately |
A.fiction | B.significance | C.factors | D.resources |
A.deceiving | B.doubtful | C.desirable | D.disturbing |
A.Engaged in | B.Qualified for | C.Armed with | D.Exposed to |
A.in addition | B.in reality | C.in return | D.in fact |
A.measures | B.programs | C.services | D.species |
A.biodiversity | B.production | C.population | D.economy |
A.distribute | B.pool | C.lack | D.exploit |
A.meanwhile | B.however | C.otherwise | D.besides |
A.big-game | B.professional | C.local | D.illegal |
A.impossible | B.dangerous | C.urgent | D.thankless |
A.disproved | B.explained | C.predicted | D.ignored |
A.estimate | B.reverse | C.experience | D.sustain |
7 . Looking on the Bright Side with Moon Worship
According to Cheshire psychic Claire Stone, a growing number of women are looking to the moon to increase their health, power and wealth. Daily Mail reporter Samantha Brick recently
“There is drumming and chanting,” wrote Ms. Brick, “then
Ms. Stone said that wishing on the moon helped her move into her
Ms. Stone was initially attracted to complementary sources of
They have been a(n)
The report ended with veterinary nurse Victoria Twist, who
A.witnessed | B.covered | C.attended | D.broadcast |
A.discussion | B.silence | C.dance | D.ceremony |
A.convince | B.share | C.visualize | D.pray |
A.imagination | B.intention | C.impression | D.illustration |
A.country | B.holiday | C.family | D.dream |
A.researching | B.studying | C.disturbing | D.healing |
A.call up | B.build up | C.meet up | D.line up |
A.normal | B.pleasant | C.magical | D.attractive |
A.obsessed | B.inspired | C.fascinated | D.affected |
A.astonishing | B.progressive | C.immediate | D.puzzling |
A.appeal | B.attempt | C.call | D.cater |
A.host | B.participate | C.favor | D.attend |
A.winds | B.nights | C.tides | D.temperatures |
A.celebrates | B.claims | C.concerns | D.credits |
A.apart from | B.regardless of | C.thanks to | D.instead of |
8 . “It will be marvelous. It will be spiritual.” This is the
Back on the ground, Sir Richard called the experience “magical”. He may have
The two tycoons (大亨) are among a growing number of
For now, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic will offer
Even this 4-minute suborbital travels have a(n)
Another challenge — and the industry’s biggest remaining uncertainty — relates to
A.modest | B.demanding | C.motivational | D.unclear |
A.obligation | B.commitment | C.requirement | D.survey |
A.felt ashamed of | B.kept an eye on | C.felt content with | D.got upset with |
A.optimists | B.opponents | C.experts | D.objectors |
A.thanks to | B.but for | C.apart from | D.in spite of |
A.impossible | B.undoubted | C.probable | D.favorable |
A.long-lasting | B.inexpensive | C.automatic | D.brief |
A.On the contrary | B.What’s more | C.In the long run | D.Above all |
A.shortcoming | B.limitation | C.advantage | D.appeal |
A.profitable | B.uneconomic | C.eco-friendly | D.globalized |
A.predictable | B.essential | C.irrelevant | D.uncertain |
A.development | B.security | C.stability | D.novelty |
A.particularly | B.critically | C.precisely | D.unforeseeably |
A.initiated | B.drafted | C.modified | D.suspended |
A.brave | B.abandon | C.steer | D.pause |
9 . Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of a(n)
Unfortunately, many young people, knowing
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for
Too many high-school students—or their parents for them-choose the professional field,
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants
A.academy | B.occupation | C.guidance | D.identification |
A.therefore | B.so | C.though | D.however |
A.in case of | B.for | C.because of | D.to |
A.enter | B.participate | C.involve | D.join |
A.leave | B.fit | C.require | D.fix |
A.careers | B.professions | C.prospects | D.work |
A.few | B.little | C.much | D.less |
A.with | B.by | C.on | D.at |
A.flow | B.wander | C.jump | D.drift |
A.stick | B.turn | C.adhere | D.subscribe |
A.to which | B.that | C.for which | D.what |
A.its | B.their | C./ | D.the |
A.to have disregarded | B.to disregard | C.disregarding | D.disregard |
A.preparations | B.requirements | C.specifications | D.preferences |
A.such | B.no | C.very | D.so |
A.Moreover | B.Otherwise | C.Nevertheless | D.Still |
A.priority | B.regulation | C.assessment | D.consideration |
A.out of | B.towards | C.for | D.from over |
A.advantage | B.patience | C.risks | D.turns |
A.awards | B.rewards | C.prizes | D.bonuses |
10 . Picture yourself driving down a city street. Suddenly you see something in the middle of the road ahead. A torn paper bag, a lost shoe, or something else? You'll quickly determine the actions that best fit the
However,
Today’s AI systems use neural networks, algorithms(算法) trained to spot patterns, based on data gathered from extensive collections of human-labeled examples.This
The history of planting common sense in AI systems has largely focused on cataloging human knowledge: manually programming and
A US AI research agency recently launched a programme. It challenges researchers to create an AI system that learns from “experience” in order to acquire the cognitive abilities of an 18-month-old baby. It might seem strange that
A.situation | B.environment | C.context | D.regulation |
A.inspecting | B.locating | C.tracking | D.spotting |
A.horizon | B.mind | C.knowledge | D.control |
A.casually | B.flexibly | C.routinely | D.mechanically |
A.as a result | B.in a word | C.for example | D.in the meantime |
A.perspective | B.conclusion | C.condition | D.inference |
A.diagnose | B.analyze | C.specify | D.capture |
A.prediction | B.foundation | C.definition | D.motivation |
A.process | B.experience | C.tendency | D.strategy |
A.content | B.confident | C.conscious | D.concerned |
A.approaches | B.procedures | C.skills | D.concepts |
A.registering | B.presenting | C.uncovering | D.reviewing |
A.obstacle | B.prejudice | C.consequence | D.error |
A.training | B.raising | C.delivering | D.matching |
A.burdened | B.rewarded | C.entrusted | D.honored |