1 . 选择括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。

Important information for the Regional Sports Competition next Saturday

·Departure time is 8:30. You     1     (can, must) be on time. The bus won’t wait for latecomers.

· You will need a lot of energy, so you     2     (should, may) eat a healthy breakfast.

· You    3     (dare to, have to) wear your name badge (名牌) at all times, so everyone knows who you are.

· Bring extra sportswear. It     4     (could, will) rain and you might get wet.

· You don’t have to bring lunch, but you       5     (can, must) bring a snack if you want.

· You shouldn’t bring any valuable items because you       6     (may, should) lose them.

· Remember you are representing your school, so you must not behave badly.

2 . 从方框内选择合适的单词并用其正确形式完成下列短文。（每个单词限用一次）

compromise, decline, perceive, disagree, resolve, withdraw

Many students don’t understand how to get along with their classmates. When students don’t get along, the potential for success in the classroom     1    . Not only are the students involved often unable to concentrate on their work, but teachers must spend valuable classroom time dealing with those in conflict.

There are many different classroom conflicts, and not all can be dealt with in the same manner; however, there are four key conflict     2     strategies which can help create a better classroom environment for learning when used appropriately.

Negotiating. When both the goal and the relationship are highly important to the students, problem-solving negotiations are started to solve the     3    , which ensure both students fully achieve their goals and that any tensions or negative (消极的) feelings between the two die away.

Smoothing. When the goal is of little importance, but the relationship is of high importance, one person gives up his goal so that the other person can achieve his. This is done to maintain the highest-quality relationship possible. If the teacher     4     that relationships between two students in conflict are very important, he can facilitate a smoothing of the conflict. Smoothing should be done with good humor!

    5    . When both the goal and the relationship are important, and it appears that neither person can have his way, the students will need to give up part of their goals in order to reach an agreement. This strategy is often used when students wish to engage in problem-solving negotiations but do not have the time to do so.

    6    . When the goal is not important to the students and neither is the relationship, a student may wish to give up his goal completely. Sometimes it is good for both students to do so until they have calmed down and are in control of their feelings.

3 . 从方框内选择合适的单词并用其正确形式完成下列短文。（每个单词限用一次）

harm, literally, annoy, edge, tolerate

According to Jerry Deffenbacher, PhD, a psychologist who specializes in anger management, some people are     1     more “hotheaded” than others are; they get angry more easily and more intensely than the average person does.

Generally, it is much harder for people who are easily angered to     2     frustration. (令人懊丧的事) What makes these people this way? A number of things. One cause may be genetic or physiological: There is evidence that some children are easily     3     from birth. Another may be sociocultural. Anger is often regarded as negative (负面的); we’re taught that it’s all right to express anxiety, depression, or other emotions but not to express anger. As a result, we don’t learn how to handle it. Research has also found that family background plays a role. Typically, people who are easily angered come from families that are not skilled at emotional communications.

Some people use these findings as a license to     4     others. Research has found that letting anger be actually intensifies it. It’s best to find out what it is that makes you angry, and then to develop strategies to keep those triggers from pushing you over the       5    .

4 . 选词填空

BBC Young Reporter is an exciting program,     1     (where, which) young people can get involved with the BBC.

If you are 11 to 18 years old then this is a chance for you to tell the stories    2     (who, that) matter to you. BBC Young Reporter works in partnership with schools, colleges, youth organisations and charities,     3     (that, which) aims to provide young people with the skills     4     (whose, that) they need to create and understand the media.

Schools and organisations     5     (where, that) take part will benefit from access to special events, training and resources, as well as instruction and career talks from BBC staff and journalists. Schools, colleges, home schools, youth organisations and community groups based in the United Kingdom     6     (where, that) work with young people aged 11-18 can register (注册) their details with us.

We’ll then send you all the information you need about the events, resources and opportunities that will take place throughout the year. Please visit our website,     7     (which, where) you can get answers to some of the most common questions.

5 . 选词填空

Charles Darwin is known as the father of evolution (进化). When he     1     (was, had been) a young man, Darwin set out on a trip on the HMS Beagle. The ship made it to South America in a few short months, after a brief stop in the Canary Islands. The next celebrated stop was the Galapagos Islands, where he collected the best known of his species now called “Darwin Finches (雀)”.

Back in England he worked with John Gould, a celebrated expert on birds. Gould was surprised to see the differences in the beaks ( 鸟 喙 ) of the birds Darwin brought back and    2     (identified, has identified) the 14 different specimens as different species — 12 of which were new. He    3     (did not see, had not seen) these species anywhere else before and       4     (thought, had thought) they were unique to the Galapagos Islands. Other similar birds Darwin     5     (has brought, had brought) back from the South American mainland were much more common but different than the new Galapagos species.

Charles Darwin    6     (did not come, had not come) up with his Theory of Evolution on this trip. As a matter of fact, his grandfather Erasmus Darwin     7     (has told, had told) Charles Darwin more than once that species changed through time. However, the Galapagos finches helped Darwin confirm his ideas on natural selection.

6 . 选词填空

influence, decade, worthwhile, determine

Born to poor Irish parents in 1835 and growing up in the United States, Andrew Carnegie shared one-bedroom homes with his relatives.     1     not to follow the same path as his father, who was forced to beg for work at some points during his life, Carnegie made the best of the work he found by becoming indispensable (不可或缺的) and making friends with the     2     people in his town.

In the 1860s, Carnegie co-founded his first steel company, near Pittsburgh. Over the next few     3    , he created a steel empire. In 1901, banker John Pierpont Morgan purchased Carnegie Steel for some $480 million, making Andrew Carnegie one of the world’s richest men. His subsequent (随后的) reputation, however, rests not on the wealth he gradually got during his life, but on the wealth he distributed to charities and     4     causes, especially educational ones.

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

A. appearances B. imitating C. distinguish D. isolate E. advantageous F. diverse G. identical H. criterion I. markings J. poisonous K. threatening

Why different species start looking exactly the same

Is it better to stand out from the crowd or be similar to the background? For birds, the answer is complicated. While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者), other birds find it     1     to hide themselves by imitating the looks of other birds.

Groups of birds flying together often come from the same species, making it hard to     2     one from another. However, some groups of birds including two or more species take on similar     3    , which is an uncommon phenomenon. “They all share random features, like feathers on head or yellow bellies(腹部), which makes them almost     4    . You can’t really tell them apart without looking at their     5    .” says Scott Robinson, a famous scholar. His new study suggests     6     another bird’s appearance is not a coincidence(巧合) but rather an evolutionary method to increase their chances of survival. Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members and appear more     7     to potential predators.

“In imitation, you often want to look like something because there’s an advantage to being that other thing. You want species to think you’re     8     or low-profitable target.” says Rebecca Kimball, a professor of biology. “In grouping birds, one idea is that this has more to do with a predator’s ability to     9     a target. When there are a group of birds moving around, it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern.”

While it may not seem like it at first, imitating other birds is helping to create more     10     species. Not only do birds imitate more than one species as they grow up, but their appearance varies over time.

9 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. comprehensive	B. spread	C. impact	D. incredible	E. observed
F. compared	G. success	H. firmly	I. combination	J. heavily	K. motivate

A new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that around one in a hundred deaths worldwide is due to passive smoking, which kills an estimated 600,000 people a year.

In the first study to assess the global     1     of second-hand smoke, WHO experts find that children are more     2     exposed to second-hand smoke than any other age-group, and around 165,000 of them a year die because of it.

Children’s exposure to second-hand smoke is most likely to happen at home, and the double blow of infectious diseases and tobacco seems to be a deadly     3     for children in these regions. Commenting on the findings, Heather Wipfli and Jonathan Samet from the University of Southern California, said policymakers try to     4     families to stop smoking in the home.

While deaths due to passive smoking in children were skewed (曲解) toward poor and middle-income countries, deaths in adults were     5     across countries at all income levels.

In Europe’s high-income countries, only 71 child deaths occurred, while 35,388 deaths were in adults. Yet in the countries like Africa, an estimated 43,375 deaths due to passive smoking were in children     6     with 9,514 in adults.

Only 7.4 percent of the world population currently lives in places with     7     smoke-free laws, and those laws are not always     8     enforced (施行). In places where smoke-free rules are     9    , research shows that exposure to second-hand smoke in high-risk places like bars and restaurants can be cut by 90 percent, and in general by 60 percent, the researchers said.

Studies also show such laws help to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers and lead to higher     10     rates in those trying to quit.

10 . Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word that you do not need.

A. influence                 B. majority                 C. moderate               D. rushing          E. rose          F. average     G. consumed               H. preferring                 I. consumption             J. portions            K. decreased

As for what is driving America’s chronic weight problem, there are no definite answers. But a lot of evidence points to the two causes most people already suspect: too much food and too little exercise.

Bigger    1    

The US Department of Agriculture(USDA)reports that the average American ate almost 20% more calories in the year 2000 than they did in 1983, thanks, in part, to a boom in meat     2    . Today, each American puts away an     3    of 195 Ibs of meat every year, compared to just 138 Ibs in the 1950s. Consumption of added fats also shot up by around two-thirds over the same period, and grain consumption     4    by 45% since1970.

Inactivity is the new normal

Lack of exercise is also a major culprit in the obesity epidemic. It’s been decades since most Americans worked in fields and on factory floors. A far greater     5    of us are sitting throughout our working day. This means less exercise each day. According to one study, only 20% of today’s jobs require at least     6    physical activity, as opposed to 50% of jobs in 1960. Other research suggests Americans burn 120 to 140 fewer calories a day than they did 50 years ago. Add this to the higher amount of calories we are packing in, and we get a perfect recipe for weight gain.

But lethargy goes well beyond the workplace. It is also how we get to work and what we do after. Americans walk less than people in any other industrialized country,     7    to sit in cars to get around. And at the end of the day, 80% of Americans don’t get enough exercise, according to the CDC.

In the end, though, we can’t lose sight of the big picture. Over the past years, diet fads have come and gone, with people     8    to blame red meat, dairy, wheat, fat, sugar, etc. for making them fat, but in reality, the problem is much simpler. Genetics and age do strongly     9    metabolism, but as the CDC points out, weight gain and loss is primarily a formula of total calories     10    versus total calories used.