1 . 根据前后文语境,选择适当的词进行填空。每空一词;答案必须和课文原文一样。

factor       when       come       why       become       where       date       major       make       base        matter   variety       carve       despite       communicate

China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times,     1    the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons     2     this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 

At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It     3     back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were     4     by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. 

By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had     5     a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time    6    people were divided geographically leading to many    7    of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207BCE). 

Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven     8    states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no    9    where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still     10     in writing.

2 . 从方框中选出适当的单词填入空格处。每一个单词只能用一次，其中一个为多余选项。

fit     search     tradition     opportunities     ingredients     respect observe     exchange     behavior     surroundings     stuck

The Origin of Trick-or-treat

On October 31, hordes of children armed with Jack-o’-lantern-shaped buckets and pillow cases will take to the streets in     1     of sugar. Trick-or-treating for candy is equivalent to Halloween, but the     2     had to go through a centuries-long evolution (发展) to arrive at the place it is today. So how did the holiday become a chance for kids to get free sweets? You can blame pagans (异教徒), Catholics, and candy companies.

Historians agree that a Celtic autumn festival called Samhain (萨温节) was the origin of modern Halloween. Samhain was a time to     3     the day symbolizing the last harvest of the year and the approach of the winter season. It was also a festival showing     4     to the dead. One way Celtics may have appeased (安抚) the spirits they believed still walked the Earth was by leaving treats on their doorsteps. When Catholics invaded Ireland in the 1st century CE, they rebranded (重塑) many pagan holidays to     5     their religion. November 1st became the “feasts of All Saints and All Souls,” and the day before it was dubbed “All-Hallows-Eve.” The new holidays looked a lot different from the original Celtic festival, but many traditions     6     around, including the practice of offering food to the dead. The food of choice for Christians became “soul cakes,” small pastries usually baked with expensive     7     and spices like currants and saffron.

Instead of leaving them outside for passing ghosts, soul cakes were given to beggars who went door-to-door promising to pray for souls of the deceased (已故的) in     8     for something to eat. Sometimes they wore costumes to honour the saints — something pagans originally did to avoid being disturbed by evil spirits. The ritual, known as “souling”, is believed to have planted the seeds for modern-day trick-or-treating.

It wasn’t until the 1950s that trick-or-treat gained popularity in the US. Following the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ, the suburbs were booming, and people were looking for more     9     to have fun and get to know their neighbours. The old practice of souling made a comeback and gave kids a chance to dress up in costumes and walk around their     10    . Common trick-or-treat offerings included nuts, coins, and homemade baked goods (“treats” that most kids would turn their noses up at today).

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

A. rather     B. comments       C. distant       D fiction     E. blank       F. suffered G. stared     H. absolutely   I. reflect       J. comfort     K. published

When Michael was young, he was sensitive and shy. It was a huge task for him to talk to a stranger or go downstairs to the shops. But the boy who lived in a     1     village 30 kilometers away from the city center found great pleasure in writing. He often drank a cup of coffee on a Saturday afternoon, starting with a     2     sheet of paper. “I’m interested in many kinds of writing,” he said, “from detective story to science     3     from love story to youth novel. It’s really a pleasure to use what you write     4     than what you say to express yourself.”

Michael found his talent for writing when he was 15. At that time, he was disliked by teachers for his bad academic performance and     5     from peer pressure. He liked to express himself in his diary. “No one was willing to talk to me then,” he recalled. “Sometimes they just     6     at if I had done something wrong. Actually I was at a What to do.” Then he quitted school and started writing. The young teenager wrote 10 pieces of writing in one year, most of which were     7     on the Internet. Soon his works were recognized by a lot of Internet critics and received many positive     8     from the netizens. Two years later, he was awarded the most popular webwriter by Sina. Some readers say Michael’s novels     9     his outstanding ability to explore the emotions of contemporary people, and his novels are a great     10     to people who are struggling in the society.

7 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. impose B. moral C. tolerated D. anger E. ingredient F. contain G. internal H. attitudes I. punish J. disadvantaged K. excuses

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the victory of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to    1    an epidemic of crimes. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A significant     2    is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together — honesty, kindness, and so on — accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law —   and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to     3     accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to oblige themselves to do so. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than     4     restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately there are still communities — smaller towns, usually — where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that declare: “In this family certain things are not     5     — they simply are not done!” Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosing. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you     6     him.

The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in     7    . Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with     8     guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.

I don’t believe it. Many others in equally     9     circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless     10     where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A   drilling     B. effective       C. removal          D. demand        E. ignore        F. improved G. storage       H. efficient        I. withdrawing     J. proposed       K. invest

Is Deep-Sea Exploration Worth the Money?

People are generally more enthusiastic about space, but the oceans hold the solutions to some of the biggest problems of the twenty-first century. We must continue to     1     in exploration of the deep sea so that we can take advantage of its benefits.

The deep seas contain resources that could bring improvements in the field of medicine. Antibiotics(抗生素) are becoming less     2     in the treatment of illnesses, and scientists think that the plant life in the deep oceans may provide a solution. They hope to develop new medicines that will make it possible to fight disease for years to come. Some substances produced from deep-sea plants are already being used in     3     medical testing procedures. Recognizing the importance of this research, the 2008 Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to scientists in this area.

At a time when existing forms of fuel are limited the deep oceans could provide new sources of fuel. For more than 50 years, oil companies have been     4     in areas like the North Sea. Realizing that these offshore resources will not last forever, oil companies are now considering other sources including the huge amounts of oil beneath the ocean bed. However,     5     it safely will require major advancements in technology. Another possible deep-sea fuel source on the ocean floor in the form of ice crystals, scientists believe, could be a fuel source for the future.

Finally, using the deep sea for the     6     of nuclear waste is a controversial issue that needs to be explored further. Some organizations have     7     dropping nuclear waste into the deepest parts of the ocean and sealing it into the ocean floor. Many scientists claim that this process would involve less danger to the environment than current     8     methods.

These are just three of the many ways in which leaning about the deep ocean may change our lives for the better. Such advances in our knowledge justify the expense of carrying out deep-sea research. The       9     for land is only continuing to grow. The time has come when 70% of our planet covered by water is just too big to     10    .

10 . 阅读短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框里所给的10个单词中选出正确的单词填写在相对应的答案区域内，使短文意思通顺、完整。

its          an          about            what          which          greatly will realize            to abandon               thinking             foreigners

China is a big old country,     1     has a history of more than five thousand years. We are proud of     2    culture and part of the culture even influences the world     3    , for example, the thought of Confucius. As Chinese economy develops very fast and plays     4    important role in the world, more and more     5    learn Mandarin (普通话) in Confucius institutions. The Chinese traditional culture can be tested by the time. It unites the whole nation and no matter     6    kind of disaster comes, we will fight together for the country’s future. Today, many young people lose faith in traditional culture and they are crazy     7    the western culture. They follow the western fashion,     8    we are the old style. But some day, they     9    it is wrong     10    traditional culture.