2 . Newton's law of motion ( 运动定律）.where every action has a reaction, is appropriate not just to physics.     1     from the value of products and prices of produces to customer choices, advertising affects society and plays an important role in increasing business sales.

    2     When companies use advertising, sales increase, according to Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet, founder of a French advertising company. The increase in business sales also promotes the quality of life for consumers. Basically, advertising causes a chain reaction that increases the economy of the area where the product or service ad is.

    3     In the minds of consumers, advertising can add value to a product. The image or brand that advertising helps to create becomes a part of the product, which is what makes one product brand more valuable than the competitors. This is why a consumer may be willing to pay a higher price for a name brand product rather than buy a brand they are not familiar with at a lower cost.

Pricing.     4     It spurs （促进）a sense of competition. When one company advertises a product for its price, its competitors want to stay competitive. Then they may lower their prices to meet the competition.

Consumer choice. Advertising also has an influence on businesses because it leads to the creation of new products and improvement of existing products to meet consumers' needs.     5    However, when advertising introduces a new product that is better than the existing one. market share can quickly shift to the company offering the newly-advertised product.

A．Product value.

B．Product quantity.

C．Economic influence.

D．Advertising can be a form of price control.

E．An increase in competition has effects on the market.

F．One company may possess a larger share of the market for a time.

G．It is also true that advertising causes reactions that occur in society and business.

3 . 假定你是李华，你校将要参加市里举行的国际风筝节（the International Kite Festival），请你代表校学生会给你校全体交换生写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 活动时间、地点；
2. 自备自制的风筝；
3. 活动规则及目的。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Notice

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Student Union

4 . Most advertising in ancient times was word-of-mouth, that is, people liked something and told others about it. But even then, people advertised by putting inscriptions (题字) on walls, for example to display political slogans and to offer household goods for sale. Also, in Rome and Greece, in ancient times, it was common for people to use papyrus, a kind of paper, to advertise things they had lost or found. The tradition of wall or rock painting as a way of advertising goods is even more ancient.

Painting developed in the 15th and 16th centuries, and this increased the forms of advertising. Handbills — small printed notices and advertisements — became common. Then, by the 17th century, advertisements started appearing in weekly newspapers in England. In the 19th century mail order catalogues appeared, promoting all kinds of goods.

Finally, advertisements in the 1960s became more creative and more interesting. Also, they began to draw attention to the ‘unique selling points', the USPs of products. These are the qualities that make a product different from competitors' products.

These days, advertisers have come up with new ways of promoting their products. For example, product placement is now common. This is advertising in TV programmes or films by having a character, preferably played by a famous actor, use a particular product. For example, Tom Cruise's character in the movie, Minority Report, had a computer with the Nokia logo (商标) on it, and his watch was clearly made by Bulgari.

TV commercials are a very effective medium for advertisers, though these are very expensive. If an organization wants to have a 30-second TV advert during the annual Superbowl game in the United States, they have to pay about $2.5 million.

Perhaps the most interesting development is the use of famous personalities to endorse (代言)   a product. The basketball player, Michael Jordan, endorsed Nike products and wore them while playing.

Getting well-known personalities to endorse a product can be very expensive, but endorsements certainly increase a product's sales, especially if the personality has a positive image in the eyes of the public.

1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?

A．The influence of advertising.

B．The development of advertising.

C．Ways of advertising in ancient times.

D．Types of product advertising in ancient times.

2. Which of the following is TRUE about advertisements in the 1960s?

A．They were complicated and entertaining.

B．They contained quite a lot of information.

C．They were mainly shown in TV programmes.

D．They focused on the special features of products.

3. In product placement, advertisers tend to use          .

A．cartoon characters.	B．intelligent people.
C．fictional characters.	D．popular actors or actresses.

4. What is the benefit of endorsements?

A．They are not expensive.	B．They are fairly interesting.
C．They promote product sales.	D．They pass on positive messages.

5 . Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) Center

If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.

More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom.

For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of ＂downed＂ pilot.

With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.

All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.

Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!

For more details, please visit us online at www.sac.com.

1. Why do people come to SAC?

A．To experience adventures.

B．To look for jobs in aviation.

C．To get a degree in engineering.

D．To learn more about medicine.

2. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to           .

A．fly to space

B．get an Aviation badge first

C．study the principles of flight

D．build and fire model rockets

3. What is the most important for trainees?

A．Leadership.	B．Team spirit.
C．Task planning.	D．Survival skills.