1 . Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking

“The greatest scientists are artists as well,” said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist.

For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics.     1     As he told one friend, “When I examine myself and my methods of thought. I find that the gift of imagination has meant more to me than any talent for absorbing absolute knowledge. All great achievements of science must start from intuitive knowledge. Imagination is more important than knowledge.”

But how did art differ from science for Einstein? Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed. If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art.     2     That's why he said that great scientists were also artists. Einstein first described his intuitive thought processes at a physics conference in Kyoto in 1922 when he indicated that he used images and feelings to solve his problems and found words, logical symbols or mathematical equations later.

    3     “If I were not a physicist,” he once said, “I would probably be a musician. I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music. Whenever I feel that I have come to the end of the road or into a difficult situation in my work. I would bury myself in music, and that would usually solve all my difficulties.”

Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space which both combine spatial and structural aspects. “The theory of relativity occurred to me my intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition”, said Einstein. “My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six.     4    .”

A．There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then.

B．Instead, it came from intuition and inspiration

C．For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achieve-ments.

D．Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music.

E．My new discovery is the result of musical perception.

F．Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically.

2 . Katherine Jonson,winner of the presidential medial of freedom,refused to be limited by society5 expectations of her gender and race while expanding the borders of humanity’s reach--President Barack Obama,2015

Using little more than a pencil,a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and,after Neil Armstrong's history-making moonwalk,let it return to Earth Wet throughout Mrs.Johnson's 33 years in NASAN& Flight Research Division and for decades afterward,almost no one knew her name.She was just one of those unheralded women who,well before the modern feminist(女权)movement,worked as NASA mathematicians.But it was not only her gender that kept her long marginalized and long unsung Katherine Johnson,a West Virginia native,was also African-American.

But over time,the work of Mrs.Johnson and her colleagues--countless calculations done mainly by hand,using slide rules,chart paper and inefficient desktop calculating machines--won them a level of acceptance that for the most competitive race.

“NASA was a very professional organization,”Mrs.Johnson told The Observer of Fayetteville,N.C.,in 2010. “They didn't have time to be concerned about what color I was.”Nor,she said,did she.”I don't have a feeling of inferiority,”Mrs.Johnson said on at least one occasion.”Never had.I m as good as anybody,but no better.”

To the end of her life,Mrs.Johnson refused praise for her role in sending astronauts into space,keeping them on course and bringing them safely home.”I was just doing my job,”Mrs.Johnson repeatedly said so.But what a job it was--done,no less,by a woman born at a time when the odds were more likely that she would die before age 35 than even finish high school.

1. The underlined word “unheralded”most probably means______.

A．not adequately paid

B．not previously mentioned

C．not officially rewarded.

D．not fast promoted

2. It was ___________ put together that made Mrs. Johnson a miracle.

A．her skin color, her gender and the facilities

B．her gender, her intelligence and the facilities

C．her skin color, her gender and her intelligence

D．her intelligence, her skin color and the facilities

3. From Mrs. Johnson's comments on NASA and her own job, we can conclude that ____________.

A．she was confident and modest

B．NASA shows no interest in staff's races

C．She was superior to most women in her age

D．NASA is professionally organized and supportive

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Woman Made Calculations

B．NASA Marginalized Mathematicians

C．Gender Divided Organizations

D．Mathematician Broke Barriers

3 . Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Tributes poured in last week to the world-famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, whose insights     1     modern cosmology and inspired global audiences in the millions. He died at the age of 76 on March 14.

Hawking was given only a few years to live after being diagnosed with ALS at the age of 21. The illness left him in a wheelchair and largely     2     to speak expect through a voice synthesizer. Nevertheless, Hawking completed his doctorate on the origins of the universe three years later and became a research fellow at the University of Cambridge’s Caius College.

Hawking’s first major     3     came in 1970. With mathematician Roger Penrose, Hawking used Einstein’s theory of relativity to     4     the origins of time and space to singularity, a single point of zero size and infinite density where all the laws of physics would have broken down. Their work gave mathematical expression to the Big Bang theory. Hawking was the first to try to     5     relativity with quantum mechanics. In 1974, he put forward that black holes leaked radiation, now known as“Hawking radiation,”and would eventually disappear with a tremendous explosion. The proposal     6     to one of the most passionate debates in modern cosmology—before Hawking, it was widely accepted that black holes were completely black and would     7     forever.

In 1982, Hawking was among the first to show how tiny changes in the distribution of matter might give rise to the     8     of galaxies in the universe and lay the seeds of stars, planets and life as we know it.

For 30 years, Hawking was Cambridge’s Lucasian professor of mathematics, arguably Britain’s most distinguished chair and a post once held by Sir Isaac Newton. He received 12 honorary degrees and was awarded a Companion of Honor by Queen Elizabeth in 1989. The 1988 publication of A Brief History of Time won Hawking international     9    . The book, through which the professor brought complex science to a    10     audience, has sold at least ten million books in 40 languages.

4 . It was in the archives (档案室) of the Archbishop of York that Matthew Collins had a sudden insight: He was surrounded by millions of animal skins.

Another person might say they were surrounded by books and manuscripts written on parchment, which is made from skins, usually of cows and sheep. Collins, however, had been trying to make sense of animal-bone fragments from archaeological digs, and he began to think about the advantages of studying animal skins, already cut into rectangles and arranged neatly on a shelf. Archaeologists consider themselves lucky to get a few dozen samples, and here were millions of skins just sitting there.

In recent years, archaeologists and historians have awakened to the potential of ancient DNA extracted from human bones and teeth. DNA evidence has enriched — and complicated — stories of prehistoric human migrations. It has provided tantalizing clues to epidemics such as the black death. It has identified the remains of King Richard III, found under a parking lot. But Collins isn’t just interested in human remains. He’s interested in the things these humans made; the animals they bred, slaughtered, and ate; and the economies they created.

That’s why he was studying DNA from the bones of livestock — and why his lab is now at the forefront of studying DNA from objects such as parchment and beeswax. These objects can fill in gaps in the written record, revealing new aspects of historical production and trade. How much beeswax came from North Africa, for example?

Collins splits his time between Cambridge and the University of Copenhagen, and it’s hard to nail down exactly what kind of — ologist he is. He has a knack for gathering experts as diverse as parchment specialists, veterinarians, geneticists, archivists, economic historians, and protein scientists (his own background). “All I do is connect people together,” he said. “I’m just the ignorant one in the middle.”

However, it didn’t take long for his group to hit their first culture conflict. In science and archaeology, destructive sampling is at least tolerated, if not encouraged. But book conservators were not going to let people in white coats come in and cut up their books. Instead of giving up or fighting through it, Sarah Fiddyment, a postdoctoral research fellow working with Collins, shadowed conservationists for several weeks. She saw that they used white Staedtler erasers to clean the manuscripts, and wondered whether that rubbed off enough DNA to do the trick. It did; the team found a way to extract DNA and proteins from eraser pieces, a compromise that satisfied the team found a way to extract DNA and proteins from eraser pieces, a compromise that satisfied everyone. The team has since sampled 5,000 animals from parchment this way.

Collins is not the first person to think of getting DNA from parchment, but he’s been the first to do it at scale. Studying the DNA in artifacts is still a relatively new field, with many prospects that remain unexplored. But in our own modern world, we’ve already started to change the biological record, and future archaeologists will not find the same treasure of hidden information in our petroleum-laden material culture. Collins pointed out that we no longer rely as much on natural materials to create the objects we need. What might have once been leather or wood or wool is now all plastic.

1. How is Collin’s study different from the study of other archaeologists?

A．He studies human skins and bones.

B．He is the first person to study animal skins.

C．He studies objects related to humans and their lives.

D．His study can provide clues to previous epidemics.

2. Collin thinks of himself as ignorant because _____.

A．his major doesn’t help his research

B．he can’t connect experts of different fields

C．he finds it hard to identify what kind of — ologist he is

D．his study covers a wide range of subjects beyond his knowledge

3. What can be inferred form the passage?

A．Destructive sampling is not allowed in the field of science and archeology.

B．Collin made a compromise by only studying copies of books made of animal skins.

C．Book protectors were opposed to Collin’s study because his group tracked them for several weeks.

D．It is difficult for future archeologists to study what society is like today due to plastic objects.

4. What may be the appropriate title of this passage?

A．A new discovery in archaeology

B．A lab discovering DNA in old books

C．Archaeology on animals seeing a breakthrough

D．Collin’s contributions to the identification of old books

5 . Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
“人类社会中,科学家和工程师做出的贡献要比艺术家和作家的更重要”。你同意这种观点吗？请说说你的看法,并用具体事例说明。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a very simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it was used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless: ''Alfred Nobel, '' he once wrote of himself, ''ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life. '' ''World-famous for his works he was never personally well-known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. “I do not see, '' he once said, ''that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it, '' but since his death his name has brought fame and glory to others. He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine and made a lot of money from government orders for it during the Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after.

Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosives in his father's laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately. And by the time he was twenty, he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist. But Nobel's main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps he could not find ordinary human love - he never married he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor: ''I'd rather take care of. the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone materials, '' he once said. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death.

1. What was the original purpose of Alfred Nobel's inventing the dynamite?

A．To improve mining and road building.

B．To help defend his native land.

C．To develop a weapon of war.

D．To make a strong position for himself.

2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word ''patriotic'' in the first paragraph?

A．Modest.

B．Loyal.

C．Gifted.

D．Long-lost.

3. Why did Alfred Nobel feel he should have died at birth?

A．Because he thought that his actions contrasted sharply with his hopes.

B．Because he wished he had never invented the explosive, which was used in war to kill.

C．Because he felt he was useless for not having made enough contributions to mankind.

D．Because he felt he had led a meaningless life and owed a lot to others.

4. According to the passage, which of the following words is NOT proper to describe Alfred Nobel?

A．Far-sighted.

B．Generous.

C．Low-profile.

D．Contrasting.

7 . Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. He was a leading author and printer, political theorist, politician, scientist,_______,civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major_______in the Enlightenment(启蒙运动)and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories_______electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass “armonica”.

He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania. As a political writer and activist, he_______the idea of an American nation. As a diplomat during the American Revolution he secured the French alliance(联盟)that helped to make_______of the United States possible.

Franklin laid a foundation for the American_______and character, such as thrift, hard work, and community spirit. In the words of Henry Steele Commager, ''In Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its_______. '' ''To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin, ''the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in_______the type of society America would become. ''

Franklin became a newspaper editor, printer, and merchant in Philadelphia, becoming very wealthy, writing and publishing Poor Richard's Almanack and the Pennsylvania Gazette. Franklin was interested in science and technology, and gained an international_______for his famous experiments. He played a major role in establishing the University of Pennsylvania and Franklin & Marshall College and was________the first president of the American Philosophical Society.

Franklin became a national hero in America when he made efforts to have Parliament________the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a major figure in the development of________Franco-American relations. From 1775 to 1776, Franklin was Postmaster General under the Continental Congress and from 1785 to 1788 was President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania.

His colorful life and legacy of scientific and________achievement, and status as one of America's most influential Founding Fathers, have seen Franklin________on coinage and money, the names of many towns, counties, educational institutions and companies, and more than two centuries after his________, countless cultural references.

1.

A．dreamer

B．inventor

C．architect

D．librarian

2.

A．feature

B．father

C．sponsor

D．figure

3.

A．regarding

B．despite

C．relating

D．regardless

4.

A．abandoned

B．rescued

C．supported

D．adapted

5.

A．curiosity

B．property

C．independence

D．attempt

6.

A．theories

B．humor

C．masks.

D．values

7.

A．heat

B．force

C．shadow

D．weight

8.

A．capturing

B．inventing

C．applauding

D．discovering

9.

A．guidance

B．frame

C．reputation

D．origin

10.

A．selected

B．lifted

C．1ed

D．elected

11.

A．spread

B．cancel

C．present

D．kidnap

12.

A．positive

B．negative

C．universal

D．complex

13.

A．cultural

B．agricultural

C．political

D．economic

14.

A．honored

B．restored

C．released

D．burst

15.

A．diploma

B．charm

C．anniversary

D．death.

8 . Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word or phrase that best fits each blank.

Leonardo da Vinci may be best. known for painting the world's most mysterious smile，but a new exhibition at Buckingham Palace explores the Italian painter，sculptor，inventor and scientist's breathtaking anatomical（解剖学的）studies of the human body.

"Leonardo da Vinci：Anatomist"，which runs from Friday to Oct 7，    1    （feature）87 anatomical drawings by Leonardo，the largest collection to ever go on show.

His research stayed among his private papers until 1900，    2    they were finally published and understood by the scientific world. "If Leonardo had published them，he would have been    3    （important）figure ever to publish on human anatomy and we would regard    4    now on par with Galileo or Newton，" said Martin Clayton，exhibition curator at The Queen's Gallery.

The artist's drawing of the cardiovascular（心血管的）system was compiled in several stages，    5    （sketch）first in red and then black chalk，and his fingerprints are still visible on the paper.

Francis Well，associate lecturer at the University of Cambridge，said the 500-year-old drawings are still relevant    6    modern science. "    7    （examine）these drawings of the heart as a group，and indeed reading the notes，we can't believe that they are now 500 years old and yet they still speak to us in current times in a useful way，" Well said.

Leonardo's drawings have been in    8    possession of the English monarch's Royal Collection since 1690.

"I think people are so fascinated by Leonardo's paintings    9    one will always expect it to be a sell-out exhibition," Clayton added. "But this exhibition shows the other side of Leonardo. It shows that    10    well as being a skillful painter, he was also a great scientist."

9 . Directions: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.

The price of a piece of history

A fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350.

What was so special about this lemon?     1     According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's death

Two thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father. This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years.     2    

Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and, increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private museum in China.

    3     For one thing, their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as documentation (such as letters, diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object) can also help.       4     To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter.

Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $3,000 to $4,000, she says, by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.

Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $3,000 to $4,000, according to description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says, can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.

A．Stephen Hawking’s wheelchair fetched 296, 750 at a sale at Christie's in London last November.

B．Yet determining potential values of such objects isn't easy.

C．It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington at Mount Vernon.

D．The auction result surely drew the attention from both the business and economics worlds.

E．The uniqueness of many of these objects further complicates efforts to put a value on them.

F．Therefore the unique value of many objects proved the worth of collection.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Founding Father of China’s Nuclear Program

Under the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Tready（不扩散核武器条约）, only five countries are considered to be “nuclear - weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been     1     without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of China’s nuclear weapon programs.

Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - founded People’s Republic of China with     2     physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.

From 1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working     3     with a team of young scientists on the development of China’s first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its     4     with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to     5     the mysterious power   of atomic physics.

There was ridicule（嘲笑）following the     6     of the Soviet experts that China wouldn’t be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Deng said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our     7     to this cause.”

As the leader of China’s atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the     8     foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development.

Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was     9     in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development.

Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist was     10    , and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientists, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science.