1 . Between 1901 and 2023, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 621 times to 1,000 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 965 individuals and 27 organizations. Below, you can view the full list of 2023 Nobel Prizes and Nobel Prize winners.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023

Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses (脉冲) of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023

Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman “for their discoveries concerning DNA that enabled the development of effective vaccines (疫苗) against COVID-19”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023

Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov “for the discovery and combination of quantum dots (量子点)”

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2023

Jon Fosse “for his innovative works which give voice to the unsayable”

The Nobel Peace Prize 2023

Narges Mohammadi “for her fight against the unfair and cruel treatment of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all”

The Noble Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2023

Claudia Goldin “for having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes”

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1. Whose achievement directly contributes to people’s heath?

A．Pierre Agostini.

B．Katalin Karikó.

C．Alexei I. Ekimov.

D．Jon Fosse.

2. What do the last two winners have in common?

A．They make breakthroughs in scientific field.

B．They show concern for women’s condition.

C．They conduct their research in Asian countries.

D．They fight for the freedom of working women.

3. Where is the article probably taken from?

A．A science website.	B．A literary magazine.
C．A research paper.	D．A science textbook.

2 . It is that time of the year, when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Here’s a look at who has won the prize and for what.

Physiology or Medicine

Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.

Physics

Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated.

Chemistry

The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.

Economics

The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s,they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank’s impact on societal functions.

1. What prize is related to the research with bones?

A．Physiology.

B．Chemistry.

C．Physics.

D．Economics.

2. For what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize?

A．About societal functions.	B．About the history of America.
C．About banks and financial crises.	D．About the Great Depression of the 1930s.

3. What do the prizes for physics, chemistry and economics have in common?

A．Their winners are from different countries.	B．They have three winners.
C．They improve new technology.	D．They help people understand hardship.