1 . It is that time of the year, when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Here’s a look at who has won the prize and for what.
Physiology or Medicine
Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.
Physics
Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated.
Chemistry
The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.
Economics
The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s,they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank’s impact on societal functions.
1. What prize is related to the research with bones?| A．Physiology. | B．Chemistry. | C．Physics. | D．Economics. |
| A．About societal functions. | B．About the history of America. |
| C．About banks and financial crises. | D．About the Great Depression of the 1930s. |
| A．Their winners are from different countries. | B．They have three winners. |
| C．They improve new technology. | D．They help people understand hardship. |
2 . Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.
Working habits
| A．To make discoveries, you have to think differently. |
| B．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. |
| C．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. |
| D．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. |
| E．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. |
| F．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. |
| G．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. |
3 . Michael Faraday was an English chemist and physicist born in a working class on 22 September 1791. Faraday’s father suffered from long-term health problems that often impeded his work. As a result, Faraday’s family had little money and Faraday got a very little formal schooling. But Faraday had an active curiosity and determination to learn. While working in London as a teenager, he had access to a wide range of books and he read everything he could get his hands on. By doing a lot of reading, Faraday soon educated himself on many scientific subjects, and his life as a scientist began.
In 1812, Faraday attended four lectures at the Royal Institution given by a famous chemist named Humphrey Davy. Afterwards Faraday sent a letter to Davy, expressing a strong interest in the subjects covered in the lectures and offering his services as a lab assistant. A year later, Davy accepted Faraday as his lab assistant. Thanks to his work with Davy, Faraday got a complete scientific education.
He soon began to research and experiments with electricity. Although his time was mostly spent helping Davy, Faraday began to work on his own as a chemist and scientist of great importance. When Davy retired in 1827, Faraday took his place as the head of the chemistry department of the Royal Institute. Upon taking up the position he could focus on his own research, and Faraday’s most influential and celebrated work began in the 1830s. In 1831, he discovered electromagnetic induction(电磁感应), a breakthrough in the field of technology. In 1846 he gave a lecture that presented important ideas about the nature of electricity, and these later inspired the historical work of James Maxwell related to electromagnetic field theory.
1. What does the underlined word “impeded” in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．Stopped. | B．Saved. | C．Changed. | D．Increased. |
| A．He didn’t go to school. | B．He lived a carefree life. |
| C．He learned science on his own. | D．He got much help from his parents. |
| A．To earn more money. | B．To show respect for Davy. |
| C．To learn more about Davy. | D．To learn more about science. |
| A．The help Davy gave to Faraday. | B．The turning point in Faraday’s life. |
| C．Faraday’s academic achievement. | D．Faraday’s influence on James Maxwell. |
4 . “I want to work full-time in China, honey.” An overseas call awakened the wife from sound sleep. “Why?” asked the wife with surprise, in a drowsy (昏昏欲睡的) voice, from the other side of the ocean.
In the United States, he had a great future ahead. At the age of 36, he became the youngest professor in the history of the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, for his academic achievements. At 40, he became a tenured (终身的) chair professor at Princeton.
When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others, he firmly decided to say goodbye to Princeton University, to an affluent life in the United States, and return to China.
The news spread explosively. Many expressed confusion, many persuaded him, many made fun of him, and still many waited to have a good laugh at him.
He said patriotism is the plainest feeling of a person. Who doesn’t love his motherland, after all? In his heart, the American dream is already something past; the Chinese dream is rising.
After returning to China, he devoted all his energy, worked like crazy, and determined to do something big. He formed a life science research team. Every day, he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory. He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed “Da Niu” (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students. His given name, Yigong, comes from an idiom that means “devoted to public interest whole-heartedly”. “So far as I’m concerned, awards are of no special meaning.” Shi says calmly.
In his 18 years of study in the United States, he never forgot his Chinese dream. In the next 18 years, the Chinese dream will be more beautiful and greater by the efforts of Shi Yigong and the likes of him.
1. Why was Shi determined to return to China?| A．To serve his motherland. | B．To reunite with his wife. |
| C．To live a quieter life. | D．To make more money. |
| A．Normal. | B．Miserable. | C．Wealthy. | D．Adventurous. |
| A．His decision was well-received. | B．He doesn’t care much about fame. |
| C．He is the youngest professor in history. | D．His Chinese dream will be realized in 18 years. |
| A．To support his life science research. | B．To praise his honesty. |
| C．To introduce his endless energy in work. | D．To show his unusual achievements. |
Chinese structural biologist Yan Ning announced on November 1st, 2022 that she would resign
“In the near future, I will return to China full-time
While teaching at Tsinghua University in 2014, Yan Ning
Yan earned her Ph. D. at Princeton in 2004
Yan said she wanted to support more outstanding
| Actors/Singers/... | Writers/Scientists/... |
| •Jackie Chan (Chinese kung fu superstar) •Date of birth: April 7, 1954 (Hong Kong) •Achievements: act in mainly 100 films; many awards; many years of charity work; help people in over 30 countries | •Mo Yan (famous writer in China) •Date of birth: February 17, 1930 (Shandong) •Achievements: the Mao Dun Prize in Literature (2011); lots of prizes; the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize (2012) |
2.短文标题已给出，不计入总词数。
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