1 . 某英文杂志新开了一个介绍古代文明的栏目并面向中学生征文。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文应征。

名称	埃及金字塔（Egyptian pyramids）
地点	尼罗河流域（the Nile Valley）
详情	1. 世界上许多地方都有金字塔，但是最著名的是埃及金字塔； 2. 埃及金字塔由巨石建造而成，其中一些是世界上最大的建筑； 3. 多数金字塔是由表面光滑且有反射性的石头建成； 4. 最具代表性的是胡夫金字塔（Pyramid of Khufu），胡夫金字塔现高138.8米，由230万块石头砌成，每块石头平均重2.5吨，最重的有160吨。
历史地位	1. 是古埃及文明的代表；     2. 被列为世界八大奇迹之一。

注意：1. 词数150左右；              2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：光滑的 polished
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2 . 假定你是某国外旅游杂志的编辑，最近要刊登了一组世界文明古迹的图片，其中包括下面的图片。请你根据所给关键词，用英语写一段说明，以便随图刊登。

The Great Wall
about 21,196 kilometres
15 provinces and cities
more than 2,000 years
the Spring and Autumn period
Qin Shihuang
注意: 1. 词数150左右；          2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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3 . The Temple of the Moon is an Incan ceremonial temple on Huayna Picchu near Machu Picchu, in Peru. The site is made up of stone masonry and an open-face and shallow cave. In the centre of the cave is a throne carved out of rock. Beside the throne are steps that lead deeper into the cave. The Temple of the Moon dates back 1500 years and was rediscovered in 1936.

The Temple of the Moon consists of three structural parts: an overhanging cave with excellent stone works, a very tall double-jamb (双重门柱) doorway beyond, and farther beyond, several structures. The temple also has niches (壁橱) and fake doors inserted in the stones, with a huge 8 meter high by 6 meter wide entrance. Its three doors are 1.60 meters high (in the front) and 1.00 meter high (at the sides). Inside, there are six niches.

Most scientists and authors believe that the name of the temple is arbitrary (任意的), as many other names given to sites in Machu Picchu. Ruth M Wright and Alfredo Valencia Zegarra, authors of The Machu Picchu Guidebook: A self guided tour say that they find no evidence that the moon played any part in the use of the temple. Others argue that the temple gets its name from the way moonlight radiates (散发) inside the cave at night.

The purpose of the temple’s being built is not exactly known. There is a theory that it must have been a royal tomb, a place of worship and a look-out post. Some believe that this was a place for sacrifices (献祭), because the structure has beautiful niches and in front of the cave, there is a rock carved in the shape of an altar (祭坛). Others think it was a ceremonial bathing complex.

The trail that leads from the summit of Huayna Picchu to the temple is very exposed and can be quite slippery. A few spots have a steel handrail, but a fall in many places would have serious results. The trail that leads off from the main Huayna Picchu trail is easier and safer, but still presents dangers.

1. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraphs 1 and 2?

A．There are wonderful stone works inside the cave.	B．There are numberless steps outside the cave.
C．The temple is factually a huge cave.	D．The temple was rebuilt in 1936.

2. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Ruth M Wright and Alfredo Valencia Zegarra named the temple.

B．There’s evidence that the temple is related to moonlight.

C．Scientists proved the moon played a role in the temple.

D．Many sites in Machu Picchu were named at will.

3. The last paragraph is mainly about the temple’s _____.

A．construction

B．access

C．location

D．size

4. The author writes this passage to _____.

A．introduce a site in Peru	B．ask people to protect historical sites
C．encourage people to visit the temple	D．convince people to learn Peruvian culture

4 . Easter Island is one of the most mysterious islands. The triangular shaped island is made mostly of volcanic rock.

When we think of Easter Island we think of huge stone carved (雕刻) figures called Moai that dot the coastline. The Moai are seen all over the island, and in different shapes, sizes and stages of completion. No one is sure yet as to what purpose the Moai served, but there is evidence that the Moai were carved by the ancestors of the present inhabitants of the island. They sit on rocky lava telling a story of a long lost civilization.

Ron Fisher in his work Easter Island Brooding Sentinels of Stone mentions one explanation that “two classes of people, the so-called Long Ears and Short Ears, lived on the island. The Short Ears were governed by the Long Ears, and were forced to carve the Moai. After many generations and during a rebellion (反叛), the Short Ears killed all the Long Ears, which explains the sudden end of the statue-carving.”

Moai sit on platforms called Ahu. Ahu Akivi is an observatory built about 1500 AD. As in the case of many religious structures on Easter Island, everything has been situated with astronomical precision (精度): the seven statues look towards the point where the sun sets during the equinox (春分或秋分).

Ahu Akivi is an unusual site. A low ahu supports seven statues all very similar in height and style. The site is strange in that it is located far inland and the statues were erected (竖立) to face the ocean. The only site where this was done. Like other Easter Island sites the statues were found knocked off the ahu, lying face down on the ground. In 1960, archaeologist (考古学家) William Mulloy’s team spent several months raising the statues to their original positions.

Some scholars hold the idea that its seven statues represent the seven young explorers that the Polynesian King Hotu Matu sent from across the sea, probably from the Marquesas Islands, to find this new homeland for him. But no one knows for sure. The generally accepted theory is that these great stone statues were built to honour Polynesian gods and deified (奉为神) ancestors such as chiefs and other figures important in the island’s history. It is believed that their function was to look to a village or grave site as a protector. They may also have been status symbols for villages.

1. Ron Fisher’s work is mentioned to explain _____.

A．who carved the Moai

B．how the Moai were carved

C．why the Short Ears killed the Long Ears

D．who were the primary inhabitants of the island

2. Which of the following statements about Ahu Akivi is TRUE?

A．Ahu Akivi was located near the coastline.

B．The seven statues were the same in height.

C．Ahu Akivi was discovered by William Mulloy.

D．The seven statues faced down when discovered.

3. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A．Who found the island first.

B．Guesses as to what the statues represent.

C．The important figures in the island’s history.

D．Why King Hotu Matu sent explorers to the island.

4. The author writes this passage mainly to _____.

A．introduce the Moai on Easter Island

B．encourage people to visit Easter Island

C．convince archaeologists to find more about Moai

D．talk about who created the Moai on Easter Island

5 . London taxi drivers know the capital like the back of their hands. Just jump into one of the city’s 22,000 distinctive black cars and tell the driver your _______.However small the street is, the driver will be able to get you there without any trouble.

The reason why London taxi drivers are so _______ is that they have all _______ a very tough training period to get the special license to drive taxis. During this period, taking two to four years in general, the would­be taxi driver has to learn the most direct _______ to every single road and to every important building in London. _______this, most learners go around the city on small motorbikes, _______ how to move to and from different points of the city.

Learner taxi drivers are tested several times during the period by government officers. Most drivers think the exams are a terrible _______.

Learner drivers are not allowed to work—and earn money—as drivers, either. Therefore, many of them keep their _______ jobs until they obtain their taxi­driving license. The training period can cost quite a lot because learners have to pay for their own expenses—getting around London using _______ transport, the tests and a medical exam.

Once a new taxi driver has a license, the ________ thing to deal with is the public.

Drivers agree that most passengers are very nice, although ________ they can be annoying. ________, if they’re unpleasant to their passenger, they won’t get a tip.

But sometimes it’s not only the tip that is ________, a taxi driver’s job can also be dangerous. To avoid this, more and more drivers are joining radio taxi companies, which only deal with customers who have phoned for a taxi and who often have an account with them. The big ________ of this system is that drivers then know the names and the destinations of their passengers ________, which is very useful if anything ________ happens.

London taxi drivers love to talk to people and most of them start a ________ as soon as the passenger steps into their vehicle. Talking and driving at the same time is the art that London taxi drivers have brought to ________. They and their taxis are a ________ of the capital and are ________ throughout the world, along with the Queen, Tower Bridge and Big Ben.

1.

A．office

B．purpose

C．destination

D．home

2.

A．friendly

B．clever

C．effective

D．efficient

3.

A．gone through

B．taken on

C．taken up

D．carried out

4.

A．way

B．street

C．road

D．route

5.

A．Achieving

B．So as to achieve

C．To achieve

D．Only to achieve

6.

A．testing

B．practicing

C．exercising

D．watching

7.

A．moment

B．time

C．experience

D．life

8.

A．temporary

B．full­time

C．part­time

D．previous

9.

A．public

B．private

C．alternative

D．personal

10.

A．only

B．next

C．another

D．remaining

11.

A．often

B．never

C．occasionally

D．rarely

12.

A．However

B．But

C．Therefore

D．Moreover

13.

A．at fault

B．at risk

C．under threat

D．in doubt

14.

A．priority

B．problem

C．advantage

D．profit

15.

A．in advance

B．in turn

C．as a result

D．later on

16.

A．upsetting

B．amazing

C．interesting

D．boring

17.

A．speech

B．communication

C．conversation

D．interview

18.

A．satisfaction

B．memorization

C．recognition

D．perfection

19.

A．milestone

B．symbol

C．landscape

D．signal

20.

A．understood

B．considered

C．recognized

D．popularized