1 . Most of Florida is a flat peninsula (半岛) with water on three sides and houses built as close to the shoreline as possible. For one thing we are more frequently the target of hurricanes than any other state; for another, our geography makes us more easily to be hurt by rising seas.

A news story about climate change in Florida popped up. Historically, scientists believed mangroves (红树林) didn’t live farther north than Cedar Key, in the middle of Florida’s Big Bend. But that’s not the case anymore. Samantha Chapman, a biology professor who’s been studying how Florida’s mangroves have been migrating (迁移), found them up near the St Mary’s River, which forms the border between Florida and Georgia. It seems that they soon be marching through Georgia and becoming a thriving new component of coastal habitats.

But a coastal biologist named Blair Witherington took issue on the matter. The mangroves weren’t spreading into a new territory, he pointed out. They were entering areas that had been classified as saltmarsh (盐沼), where the landscape was dominated by cordgrass. Saltmarsh and mangrove create very different habitats that attract a very different set of animals. “When one community replaces the other, this diversity is lost,” Witherington remarked. Changing the animals’ habitat has the potential to influence the whole food chain, making a widespread difference.

What was driving this? “Mangroves can survive a short freeze, but not a prolonged, hard freeze. By combing through the weather records kept by the state’s orange juice industry, biologists have been able to document that Florida is having fewer prolonged hard freezes than it used to. Then the mangroves have adapted by expanding their range.” Samantha explained.

“They’ve adapted in another way, too. Not only are the mangroves spreading into areas that once were unfriendly to them, but they have also changed their life cycle to speed things up. Normally it takes them about 15 years of growth before they start making seeds. Now, as they get into these marshes, they’re producing seeds when they’ re only a couple of years old,” Samantha said.

The problem with having too many mangroves by the sea is that climate change may overwhelm them. A study by the US Geological Survey said sea level rise could wipe out mangroves all along the Florida coast. So, here’s the question we humans have to consider: Nature is finding ways to adapt to how we’ve changed the climate. What are we doing to adapt to it? Or at least slow it down?

1. What can we learn about the state of Florida?

A．It could be affected by high tides easily.

B．Its geography fuels shipbuilding industry.

C．Its houses are built in a high-lying but flat area.

D．It is often hit by tornadoes and suffers huge losses.

2. What is the news story about Florida’s mangroves?

A．They migrate to warmer regions.

B．They are marching into a new habitat.

C．They form the border between Florida and Georgia.

D．They are introduced into Florida to prevent flooding.

3. Which of the following would Blair Witherington agree with?

A．Saltmarsh is fragile and requires urgent protection.

B．Florida includes a rich diversity of natural habitats.

C．The benefits of the mangroves outweigh their troubles.

D．Everything in the ecosystem is connected complicatedly.

4. What are the 4th and 5th paragraphs mainly about?

A．What mangroves had to face in their habitats.

B．Whether mangroves had influence on other plants.

C．How mangroves adapted to the changing environment.

D．Why mangroves had a different life cycle in marshes.

5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Human beings are supposed to worship nature.

B．It is urgent to grow more mangroves along coastlines.

C．Measures against mangroves’ migration are far from enough.

D．What we should do to stop the climate change is still up in the air.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The classical gardens of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, date back to the 6th century     1     the city was founded     2     the capital of the Wu Kingdom. Today, more than 50 of these gardens are still in     3     (exist), nine of which are regarded as the finest embodiments (化身) of Chinese “Mountain and Water” gardens.

Built in the 11th century on the site of an     4     (early) destroyed garden, Canglang Pavilion has the longest history among all the existing classical gardens in Suzhou. Naturally     5     (lay) out and well designed, it is called one of the four best gardens in Suzhou. The garden looks simple but natural. Without complex     6     (decorate), it combines buildings with scenery so well     7     the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed (赋予). Since many of the     8     (origin) features of the garden have been preserved, the garden has a high historical and artistic value.

The classical gardens of Suzhou     9     (be) the most vivid specimens(样本)of culture from the East Yangtze Delta region in the 11th to 19th centuries. The underlying philosophy, literature, art, and craftsmanship     10     (show) in the architecture, gardening as well as the handcrafts perfectly reflect the monumental achievements of the social, cultural, scientific, and technological developments of this period.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Shennongjia is a household name in China because it’s the home of the legendary “wild man”. Its folk tale spans the generations.

Between 1976 and 1981, the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized three large scale     1       (science) investigations. They have collected hair, footprints and waste suspected of belonging     2     a “wild man”, but some experts argue that most were the result of bears, monkeys or even human beings. They failed     3     (uncover) the myth of “wild man”, but discovered the area’s rich biodiversity. Although several hundred people have claimed     4     (they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike creatures in Shennongjia, there is no tangible evidence to confirm the     5     (exist) of a “wild man”.

Nowadays, Shennongjia’s attraction is not merely about “wild man”. Its appeal     6     (be) more about its lively ecology, rich biodiversity and karst landforms. Shennongjia’s beauty varies over the year as nature     7     (take) its course. Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring, be shaded from the summer heat, appreciate red leaves in autumn     8     go skiing in winter.

The “wild man” legend has been passed on for generations by word-of- mouth. In 2016, the legend of "wild man" in Shennongjia     9     (add) to Hubei province’s intangible cultural heritage list. Today, tourists can visit Wild Man Cave,     10     eyewitnesses claimed that they spotted the creatures, and see “wild man” sculptures.

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Tall, young and active

November 14, 1963 was a cold morning. This was nothing out of the ordinary for the fisherman. They were used to the winter weather around Iceland. Suddenly, however, they saw something unusual. Thick, black smoke was pouring out of the sea.     1     (think) a boat was on fire, they raced toward it. Yet as they got closer, they realized it was     2     quite different. Magma (岩浆) was rubbing away from the ocean floor. The fishermen watched as a new island rose from the sea. This island, later     3     (name) Surtsey, joined the thousands of volcanic islands worldwide.

The island of Hawaii is one of the most well-known volcanic islands. Lava (熔岩) from multiple volcanoes built this island. One of these volcanoes is Mauna Kea. Mauna Kea began under the ocean over 1 million years ago. Magma broke through the Earth’s crust- that is, the outer layer of the earth.     4     the magma cooled, it formed an underwater mountain. About 100,000 years ago, the mountain rose     5     sea level. Eruption (喷发) then became more frequent and more violent. Layers of lava hardened into rock. Now, Mauna Kea     6     (measure) 9,966 meters from ocean floor to mountain peak, making it the world’s highest mountain.

Fortunately for Hawaiians, Mauna Kea volcano is quiet - for the time being.     7     volcano on the same island is anything but quiet. Kilauea is smaller than Mauna Kea. However, it has erupted nonstop since 1983 and is the world’s most active volcano,     8     produces between 300,000 and 600,000 m² of lava every day. Over the past two decades. It     9     (add) more than 540 acres to the island. In spite of the danger, it is a popular tourist attraction. Yet,     10     this popular tourist attraction contributes to the Hawaiian economy financially also comes at a cost. Kilauea is responsible for taking both lives and homes.

5 . 假如你是李华，你的朋友Susan来信说，她打算最近来“凉都·六盘水”旅游，但她对这座城市了解不多，请你给她回复电子邮件，介绍家乡的情况，内容包括以下三点：
1. 谈谈“凉都·六盘水”的气候特点。
2. 推荐六盘水著名的旅游景点。
3. 对她的到来表示欢迎和祝愿。
注意：1. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2. 开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
3. 词数100个左右。
4. 可能使用的参考词汇
The Cool City 凉都     recommend 推荐   tourist attractions 旅游景点
Dear Susan，

I’m so happy to know that you are planning to visit my hometown, the Cool City· Liupanshui.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

6 . 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Bill是ー个旅游爱好者，暑假要来中国广州旅游，请你介绍广州的情况，内容包括：
地理位置：广东省中部
面积：约7500平方公里
历史：2200年；海上丝绸之路起点
人口：约1000万
气候：年平均气温20℃～22℃
美誉：花城；多元化城市
词汇提示：海上丝绸之路： the Maritime Silk Road          多元化：multicultural(adj.)
注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ireland has a long history of producing great writers and poets, for its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses. The peaceful landscape is    1    true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills    2    (dot) with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and    3    (cry) of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day    4    their morning song.

8 . Unique and distinct to Rwanda, milk bars make many of our communities get together. They are places to meet for breakfast or lunch. They are also places to socialize with people of different backgrounds. While it is difficult for strangers to understand these local milk bars, they reflect a little-known truth about how intrinsic cows and milk are to Rwandan culture.

Pascal Kubwimana, a taxi-moto operator who has been coming to Kuruhimbi almost every day for two years, says he is not going anywhere. “I love the milk here,” he said, washing down his bread and beans with a litre of hot milk. “It helps me feel good all day when I have it for breakfast. I even take some home in the evening. My children love it.”

With around 70% of Rwanda’s population engaged in agriculture, cows are an economic advantage as well as a symbol of wealth and social status in rural areas. In fact, cows are held in such high regard here that it’s common to include the animal into your child’s name. Many traditional Rwandan dances are also inspired by cows. In the Umushayayo, which is often characterized as a sort of Rwandan ballet, women imitate the gentle movements of cows while showing their beauty and grace. And in the Ikinyemera, Igishakamba and other dances, men and women stretch their arms upward to represent cow horns.

In Rwanda, when you want to wish someone well, you say “gira inka” (may you have a cow) or “amashyo” (have thousands of cows), and you’ll hear the response, “amashongore” (have thousands of female cows). When you want to express profound gratefulness, you say “nguhaye inka” (I give you a cow).

1. What can people do in milk bars according to paragraph 1?

A．Wear unique clothing.	B．Learn to prepare lunch.
C．Communicate with others.	D．Drink free specially-made milk.

2. What can we infer about Pascal Kubwimana from paragraph 2?

A．He is fond of the milk bars.

B．He usually gets help from the barkeepers.

C．He often takes his children to the milk bars.

D．He dislikes staying too long in the milk bars.

3. What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．The large population of Rwanda.	B．The traditional dances in Rwanda.
C．The importance of cows in Rwanda.	D．The agricultural development of Rwanda.

4. What is the main purpose of people’s saying “nguhaye inka” in Rwanda?

A．To wish someone well.	B．To convey deep thanks.
C．To congratulate someone.	D．To respond to someone’s question.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Located in southwest China’s Sichuan Province, Jiuzhaigou Valley is famous     1     its greenish-blue lakes, beautiful waterfalls, colorful forests, snow-capped peaks     2     the local Tibetan ethnic culture.

Jiuzhaigou got     3    (it) name because there are nine Tibetan villages in the valley. For centuries Tibetan people have lived in the region, but it was not officially discovered by the government until 1972. It     4    (declare) a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.

The valley is the     5    (nature) habitat for two of China’s most treasurable endangered species — the giant panda and the Sichuan takin(羚牛). You are likely to see other     6    (creature) including birds, insects and fish.

Over 80 percent of the scenic area is covered by forests. In the lower regions, there are plenty of grasses and reeds. These are quickly replaced by bamboo forests     7     in turn give way to conifers(针叶树) at the upper regions. Beyond them, snow-capped peaks of the Minshan Mountains are also very     8    (attract).

The most comfortable climate     9    (visit) Jiuzhaigou is in July. Umbrellas and wet weather clothing, as well as sun protection cream and hats are     10    (high) recommended as the weather is often changing.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Shennongjia is one of the most popular scenic spots in China. It is said to be the place     1     the Emperor Yan once lived. Some visitors hope that they may even encounter the legendary “wild man”. They do not actually see any wild man,       2     they’re attracted by Shennongjia’s natural wonders and rich biodiversity. Shennongjia’s beauty     3     (vary) over the year as nature takes     4     (it) course. Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring, be shaded from the summer heat, appreciate red leaves in   autumn and go skiing in winter.

Official data showed that tourist     5     (visit) to Shennongjia Forestry District reached more than 15.5 million last year. And the forest area aims     6     (increase) that annual figure to over 30 million in the near future. The journey to Shennongjia will take up to five hours from nearby Yichang and Shiyan cities. By July, it’s estimated that Shennongjia will be linked to a newly built high- speed railway,     7     (make) the mountainous region more     8     (access).

    9     Nov. 1 to Dec. 31, tourists can buy a discounted ticket of the six major scenic areas in Shennongjia for 99 yuan, about 40 percent of     10     original price.