1 . The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to ________ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.

Rainforests have ________ over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and ________ renewable natural resources that for ages, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have ________ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. ________, the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate (错综复杂的) and fragile system. Everything is so ________ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to________ forever.

The scale of human ________ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost of our ________. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; ________, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.

In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in ________. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen ________ to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb (抑制) this________, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.

Massive________ brings with it many ugly consequences—air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the________ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.

1.

A．maintain

B．capture

C．claim

D．prove

2.

A．changed

B．evolved

C．expanded

D．existed

3.

A．energizing

B．healing

C．isolating

D．breathing

4.

A．contributed

B．stored

C．reduced

D．affected

5.

A．However

B．Furthermore

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

6.

A．active

B．sensitive

C．interdependent

D．delicate

7.

A．restore

B．support

C．revive

D．last

8.

A．pressure

B．power

C．concern

D．strength

9.

A．existence

B．ecosystem

C．planet

D．survival

10.

A．unfortunately

B．consequently

C．naturally

D．similarly

11.

A．store

B．food

C．smoke

D．wealth

12.

A．subject

B．down

C．apart

D．victim

13.

A．trend

B．practice

C．increase

D．attitude

14.

A．protection

B．industrialization

C．modernization

D．deforestation

15.

A．appearance

B．explosion

C．loss

D．increase

2 . Earthquakes are common; thousands of them happen each day. But most are too _________ to feel. During a _________ earthquake, there is often a great noise first. Then the earth _________ terribly and many houses _________ down. Railway tracks break and trains go _________ lines; a great many factories are _________; thousands of deaths are caused, and many more lose homes… _________ the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake _________, other disasters such as fires often _________. More buildings are destroyed and more __________ caused.

Man knows the __________ of a possible earthquake, and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes. More than 2, 000 years ago, __________, a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng __________ a machine which could find out from which __________ the seismic waves had come, and this machine is still __________ by scientists today. Now we know much more about earthquakes and __________ they happen, but we still cannot __________ exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannot __________ it from happening. So earthquakes are among the __________ disasters in the world.

No one can stop natural earthquakes. __________, scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths.

1.

A．extreme

B．weak

C．frightening

D．frequent

2.

A．real

B．exact

C．big

D．small

3.

A．moves

B．shakes

C．jumps

D．breaks

4.

A．get

B．put

C．set

D．fall

5.

A．off

B．on

C．into

D．behind

6.

A．burst

B．struck

C．destroyed

D．buried

7.

A．Except

B．Besides

C．Instead of

D．Because of

8.

A．lonely

B．later

C．themselves

D．itself

9.

A．follow

B．copy

C．come

D．enter

10.

A．quakes

B．deaths

C．difficulties

D．results

11.

A．information

B．questions

C．dangers

D．frights

12.

A．as a result

B．in fact

C．for example

D．as well

13.

A．invented

B．discovered

C．found

D．bought

14.

A．nation

B．direction

C．item

D．pace

15.

A．improved

B．repaired

C．protected

D．used

16.

A．where

B．when

C．what

D．why

17.

A．persuade

B．tell

C．express

D．point

18.

A．frighten

B．prepare

C．prevent

D．rescue

19.

A．worst

B．best

C．most

D．fastest

20.

A．However

B．But

C．And

D．So

3 . Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ________ with them lots of waste. The ________ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.

Hearing these stories, I'm ________ about the place-other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However, I soon ________ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ________ among tons of rubbish. I find a ________ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ________ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ________.

The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are ________ as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ________ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ________ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ________ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4 , 000 meters is the highland desert : gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ________ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ________ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro ________ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.

1.

A．keep

B．mix

C．connect

D．bring

2.

A．stories

B．buildings

C．crowds

D．reporters

3.

A．silent

B．skeptical

C．serious

D．crazy

4.

A．discover

B．argue

C．decide

D．advocate

5.

A．equipment

B．grass

C．camps

D．stones

6.

A．remote

B．quiet

C．tall

D．clean

7.

A．new

B．special

C．significant

D．necessary

8.

A．paying off

B．spreading out

C．blowing up

D．fading away

9.

A．studied

B．observed

C．explored

D．regarded

10.

A．scientists

B．climbers

C．locals

D．officials

11.

A．holding on to

B．going back to

C．living up to

D．giving way to

12.

A．match

B．imagine

C．count

D．add

13.

A．Obviously

B．Easily

C．Consequently

D．Finally

14.

A．permanent

B．little

C．fresh

D．artificial

15.

A．enjoy

B．deserve

C．save

D．acquire

4 . My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. So the first thing we did was _______ a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the _______ of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

The place wasn’t _______ authentic, though. Unlike a _______ Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. There was a nice kitchen and a _________ bed. Our _________ even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said perfect French.

Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone once _________, they eat great food and never gain _________. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to be happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they _________ in your mouth like little flavor bombs. That’s not the only reason why the French eat less than us. On our first morning in Paris, I went to the food market to __________ some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!

In France, __________ of life is much more important than efficiency. You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always __________. Many customers are locals. When do these people __________? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently __________ a deal with a group of companies __________   the number of hours that independent contractors(承包商) can be on call.

1.

A．rent

B．purchase

C．let

D．visit

2.

A．shape

B．length

C．price

D．size

3.

A．slightly

B．entirely

C．absolutely

D．extremely

4.

A．regular

B．popular

C．normal

D．famed

5.

A．wooden

B．huge

C．comfortable

D．strange

6.

A．community

B．neighborhood

C．apartment

D．building

7.

A．thought

B．noted

C．discussed

D．debated

8.

A．confidence

B．weight

C．reputation

D．trouble

9.

A．explode

B．settle

C．jog

D．expand

10.

A．pack up

B．pass on

C．pick up

D．deal with

11.

A．quality

B．style

C．choice

D．location

12.

A．disturbed

B．surrounded

C．interrupted

D．crowded

13.

A．rest

B．work

C．relax

D．leave

14.

A．struck

B．ruined

C．expected

D．appreciated

15.

A．increasing

B．adding

C．limiting

D．reducing

5 . Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They _______ with them lots of waste. The _______ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the _______ of Kilimanjaro.

Hearing these stories, I’m _______ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However, I soon _______ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _______ among tons of rubbish. I find a _______ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are _______ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _______.

The best of a Kilimanjaro ________, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ________ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ________ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ________ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ________ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ________ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ________ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ________: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ________ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ________ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro ________ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.

1.

A．keep

B．mix

C．connect

D．bring

2.

A．stories

B．buildings

C．crowds

D．reporters

3.

A．position

B．age

C．face

D．name

4.

A．silent

B．skeptical

C．serious

D．crazy

5.

A．discover

B．argue

C．decide

D．advocate

6.

A．equipment

B．grass

C．camps

D．stones

7.

A．remote

B．quiet

C．tall

D．clean

8.

A．new

B．special

C．significant

D．necessary

9.

A．paying off

B．spreading out

C．blowing up

D．fading away

10.

A．atmosphere

B．experience

C．experiment

D．sight

11.

A．studied

B．observed

C．explored

D．regarded

12.

A．view

B．quality

C．reason

D．purpose

13.

A．scientists

B．climbers

C．locals

D．officials

14.

A．holding on to

B．going back to

C．living up to

D．giving way to

15.

A．changes

B．clears

C．improves

D．permits

16.

A．match

B．imagine

C．count

D．add

17.

A．village

B．desert

C．road

D．lake

18.

A．Obviously

B．Easily

C．Consequently

D．Finally

19.

A．permanent

B．little

C．fresh

D．artificial

20.

A．enjoy

B．deserve

C．save

D．acquire

6 . London taxi drivers know the capital like the back of their hands. Just jump into one of the city’s 22,000 distinctive black cars and tell the driver your _______.However small the street is, the driver will be able to get you there without any trouble.

The reason why London taxi drivers are so _______ is that they have all _______ a very tough training period to get the special license to drive taxis. During this period, taking two to four years in general, the would­be taxi driver has to learn the most direct _______ to every single road and to every important building in London. _______this, most learners go around the city on small motorbikes, _______ how to move to and from different points of the city.

Learner taxi drivers are tested several times during the period by government officers. Most drivers think the exams are a terrible _______.

Learner drivers are not allowed to work—and earn money—as drivers, either. Therefore, many of them keep their _______ jobs until they obtain their taxi­driving license. The training period can cost quite a lot because learners have to pay for their own expenses—getting around London using _______ transport, the tests and a medical exam.

Once a new taxi driver has a license, the ________ thing to deal with is the public.

Drivers agree that most passengers are very nice, although ________ they can be annoying. ________, if they’re unpleasant to their passenger, they won’t get a tip.

But sometimes it’s not only the tip that is ________, a taxi driver’s job can also be dangerous. To avoid this, more and more drivers are joining radio taxi companies, which only deal with customers who have phoned for a taxi and who often have an account with them. The big ________ of this system is that drivers then know the names and the destinations of their passengers ________, which is very useful if anything ________ happens.

London taxi drivers love to talk to people and most of them start a ________ as soon as the passenger steps into their vehicle. Talking and driving at the same time is the art that London taxi drivers have brought to ________. They and their taxis are a ________ of the capital and are ________ throughout the world, along with the Queen, Tower Bridge and Big Ben.

1.

A．office

B．purpose

C．destination

D．home

2.

A．friendly

B．clever

C．effective

D．efficient

3.

A．gone through

B．taken on

C．taken up

D．carried out

4.

A．way

B．street

C．road

D．route

5.

A．Achieving

B．So as to achieve

C．To achieve

D．Only to achieve

6.

A．testing

B．practicing

C．exercising

D．watching

7.

A．moment

B．time

C．experience

D．life

8.

A．temporary

B．full­time

C．part­time

D．previous

9.

A．public

B．private

C．alternative

D．personal

10.

A．only

B．next

C．another

D．remaining

11.

A．often

B．never

C．occasionally

D．rarely

12.

A．However

B．But

C．Therefore

D．Moreover

13.

A．at fault

B．at risk

C．under threat

D．in doubt

14.

A．priority

B．problem

C．advantage

D．profit

15.

A．in advance

B．in turn

C．as a result

D．later on

16.

A．upsetting

B．amazing

C．interesting

D．boring

17.

A．speech

B．communication

C．conversation

D．interview

18.

A．satisfaction

B．memorization

C．recognition

D．perfection

19.

A．milestone

B．symbol

C．landscape

D．signal

20.

A．understood

B．considered

C．recognized

D．popularized

7 . 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A.B.C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems ____
The origin of the eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated（孕育）by ____ .In China, the mother river is the Yellow River, ____ the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were____ for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture ____ went overseas to Japan, ____into the Japanese society and ____the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it ____ to the same system.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was ____on the Mesopotamian Plain（米索不达米亚平原） the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the _____ of the European culture. _____ the Chinese culture, the European one also ____ waters. When the colonists of England ____ in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't ____ from the European one a lot.
At the same time, the ____of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic（象形文字的） languages while the Western languages are ____ based on the Latin system, for example, the one I'm using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference ____ as well. However,____ the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom ____ until recent centuries____they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.1.

A．above all

B．on the whole

C．in all

D．in no case

2.

A．mountains

B．plains

C．lakes

D．rivers

3.

A．or

B．for

C．while

D．when

4.

A．developed

B．improved

C．created

D．protected

5.

A．suddenly

B．quietly

C．gradually

D．naturally

6.

A．mixed

B．changed

C．made

D．forced

7.

A．expanded

B．interrupted

C．ended

D．shaped

8.

A．comes

B．belongs

C．brings

D．adds

9.

A．brought up

B．carried out

C．given out

D．picked up

10.

A．result

B．sign

C．base

D．content

11.

A．Through

B．Except

C．With

D．Like

12.

A．affected

B．spread

C．crossed

D．formed

13.

A．joined up

B．settled down

C．broke down

D．went up

14.

A．come

B．suffer

C．result

D．differ

15.

A．distinction

B．contact

C．appearance

D．feature

16.

A．properly

B．hardly

C．simply

D．mostly

17.

A．last

B．count

C．reduce

D．change

18.

A．in terms of

B．due to

C．as to

D．in case of

19.

A．transform

B．display

C．communicate

D．distinguish

20.

A．Therefore

B．Meanwhile

C．Furthermore

D．However