1 . Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ________ with them lots of waste. The ________ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.

Hearing these stories, I'm ________ about the place-other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However, I soon ________ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ________ among tons of rubbish. I find a ________ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ________ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ________.

The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are ________ as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ________ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ________ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ________ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4 , 000 meters is the highland desert : gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ________ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ________ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro ________ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.

1.

A．keep

B．mix

C．connect

D．bring

2.

A．stories

B．buildings

C．crowds

D．reporters

3.

A．silent

B．skeptical

C．serious

D．crazy

4.

A．discover

B．argue

C．decide

D．advocate

5.

A．equipment

B．grass

C．camps

D．stones

6.

A．remote

B．quiet

C．tall

D．clean

7.

A．new

B．special

C．significant

D．necessary

8.

A．paying off

B．spreading out

C．blowing up

D．fading away

9.

A．studied

B．observed

C．explored

D．regarded

10.

A．scientists

B．climbers

C．locals

D．officials

11.

A．holding on to

B．going back to

C．living up to

D．giving way to

12.

A．match

B．imagine

C．count

D．add

13.

A．Obviously

B．Easily

C．Consequently

D．Finally

14.

A．permanent

B．little

C．fresh

D．artificial

15.

A．enjoy

B．deserve

C．save

D．acquire

2 . Ask people to name the world's tallest peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact __and many will be not sure.

In 1975, Chinese surveyors __ that Mount Qomolangma （Mount Everest） was 8848. 13 meters high. As __ improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were __ to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry __ to what is the world's rooftop.

In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they __ the height to be 8844. 43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no __ task. The average air temperature there is -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees_____ than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4 —5 meters thick and hurricane-like __ blow all the time. Team members were training to __the extreme conditions.

In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangma's height is a tall order, __ huge amounts of money and human resources, But it is worth the_____. Qomolangma is the perfect __ for observing crustal （地壳的）movements. And changes to the peak's height could __ whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.

Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. That's __ measuring the Qomolangma's height is so significant. Put to good use, it can benefit mankind.

1.

A．location

B．appearance

C．area

D．height

2.

A．determined

B．assumed

C．estimated

D．admitted

3.

A．condition

B．technology

C．society

D．economy

4.

A．employed

B．expected

C．approached

D．inspired

5.

A．weapons

B．vehicles

C．instruments

D．packages

6.

A．changed

B．calculated

C．extended

D．expanded

7.

A．glorious

B．easy

C．admirable

D．tough

8.

A．colder

B．hotter

C．higher

D．lower

9.

A．snows

B．rains

C．winds

D．snowflakes

10.

A．cope with

B．fight for

C．take on

D．carry out

11.

A．wasting

B．spending

C．overcoming

D．involving

12.

A．effort

B．loss

C．harvest

D．achievement

13.

A．channel

B．window

C．solution

D．entrance

14.

A．measure

B．foresee

C．indicate

D．expose

15.

A．where

B．how

C．why

D．whether

3 . Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They _______ with them lots of waste. The _______ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the _______ of Kilimanjaro.

Hearing these stories, I’m _______ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However, I soon _______ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _______ among tons of rubbish. I find a _______ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are _______ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _______.

The best of a Kilimanjaro ________, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ________ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ________ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ________ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ________ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ________ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ________ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ________: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ________ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ________ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro ________ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.

1.

A．keep

B．mix

C．connect

D．bring

2.

A．stories

B．buildings

C．crowds

D．reporters

3.

A．position

B．age

C．face

D．name

4.

A．silent

B．skeptical

C．serious

D．crazy

5.

A．discover

B．argue

C．decide

D．advocate

6.

A．equipment

B．grass

C．camps

D．stones

7.

A．remote

B．quiet

C．tall

D．clean

8.

A．new

B．special

C．significant

D．necessary

9.

A．paying off

B．spreading out

C．blowing up

D．fading away

10.

A．atmosphere

B．experience

C．experiment

D．sight

11.

A．studied

B．observed

C．explored

D．regarded

12.

A．view

B．quality

C．reason

D．purpose

13.

A．scientists

B．climbers

C．locals

D．officials

14.

A．holding on to

B．going back to

C．living up to

D．giving way to

15.

A．changes

B．clears

C．improves

D．permits

16.

A．match

B．imagine

C．count

D．add

17.

A．village

B．desert

C．road

D．lake

18.

A．Obviously

B．Easily

C．Consequently

D．Finally

19.

A．permanent

B．little

C．fresh

D．artificial

20.

A．enjoy

B．deserve

C．save

D．acquire

4 . Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly _____ with ice.This is one of the driest and _____ places in the world.But people from all over the world come to _____ there.Near the South Pole，three thousand people live together in a place _____ Amundsen－Scott Station.

The station _____ libraries，cinemas，shops，sports rooms，canteens and laboratories(实验室)．There is electricity(电)，and they have _____—the system that they use to have a conversation(交谈) with someone in _____ place.And they have _____—electronic machines that store information and use programs to help them find，organize，or change the information.

But the people here _____ travel by car，or train，or bus，because there aren't any roads or railways near the station.They ______ by ship，helicopter，plane，or snow tractor，or ______ dogs.

There aren't ______ trees or flowers there，but there are hundreds of different birds and other ______．

Most of the people here are ______．They study plant and animal life and how ice ______．The ice can ______ us about changes in climate.Ray Kingman is an expert at Amundsen－Scott Station，telling us ______ the phone，“This is my second year here.It's a very interesting and beautiful place，but life is very ______ in winter.In summer we can go ______ in hot pools of water.We welcome newcomers here for further ______ of the continent！”

1.

A．filled

B．full

C．discovered

D．covered

2.

A．warmest

B．coldest

C．coolest

D．hottest

3.

A．travel

B．settle

C．work

D．live

4.

A．called

B．call

C．calls

D．calling

5.

A．builds

B．has

C．exists

D．lies

6.

A．telephone

B．film

C．television

D．record player

7.

A．other

B．another

C．the other

D．others

8.

A．printers

B．icons

C．mice

D．computers

9.

A．don't

B．mustn't

C．needn't

D．shouldn't

10.

A．go

B．walk

C．run

D．travel

11.

A．with

B．instead of

C．on

D．in front of

12.

A．much

B．any

C．many

D．some

13.

A．plants

B．things

C．animals

D．life

14.

A．teachers

B．scientists

C．doctors

D．workers

15.

A．flows

B．melts

C．freezes

D．moves

16.

A．show

B．tell

C．say

D．suggest

17.

A．in

B．on

C．which

D．by

18.

A．pleasant

B．easy

C．hard

D．comfortable

19.

A．swimming

B．boating

C．fishing

D．washing

20.

A．life

B．visit

C．study

D．climate

5 . The British Isles consist of two large islands. One is called Ireland and ___ Britain. Britain, or Great Britain, is the larger one of these two islands, and it is ___ into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England.

The United Kingdom is that part of the British Isles ___ by the Queen. It is made up of Scotland, Wales and England, that is, the ___ of Britain, and also about one sixth of Ireland, the northern part. The ___ of Ireland is self-governing. The ___ name of the United Kingdom is ___ “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.

England is____ and richer than Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland，and has the most ___ of the United Kingdom, so people often use the ____ “England” and “English” when they ____ “Britain” and “British”. This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh a little ____. The Scots in particular are very ____ of their separate nationality. The Welsh too do not ____ themselves as the English, and have a culture and ____ a language of their own.

Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801, but for forty years the “Irish ____ “was the greatest headache of the United Kingdom. ____, Ireland was divided into two: Northern Ireland still ____ to the United Kingdom, and in 1922 the rest of Ireland ____ to found an Irish Free State，later called Eire and now the Republic of Ireland.

The Republic of Ireland does not regard itself as part of Britain, and is not now even a supporter of the Commonwealth of Nations. Unlike the major Commonwealth countries, it did not lift a finger to ____ British in the Second World War and now wants the whole of Ireland to be a republic.

1.

A．the one

B．the other

C．another

D．other

2.

A．divided

B．cut

C．broken

D．separated

3.

A．watched out

B．taken up

C．defended against

D．ruled over

4.

A．half

B．part

C．most

D．whole

5.

A．smaller

B．bigger

C．rest

D．island

6.

A．correct

B．true

C．full

D．last

7.

A．so

B．therefore

C．likely

D．perhaps

8.

A．meaner

B．wider

C．poorer

D．larger

9.

A．colleges

B．officials

C．cities

D．population

10.

A．words

B．names

C．spellings

D．pronunciations

11.

A．say

B．cover

C．show

D．write

12.

A．angry

B．cautious

C．enjoyable

D．lonely

13.

A．proud

B．tired

C．fond

D．careful

14.

A．respect

B．rank

C．elect

D．regard

15.

A．ever

B．even

C．seldom

D．never

16.

A．Country

B．Question

C．Disease

D．Republic

17.

A．Finally

B．However

C．Meanwhile

D．Instead

18.

A．returns

B．belongs

C．refers

D．adds

19.

A．turned away

B．run away

C．broke away

D．kept away

20.

A．unite

B．reject

C．fight

D．help

6 . London taxi drivers know the capital like the back of their hands. Just jump into one of the city’s 22,000 distinctive black cars and tell the driver your _______.However small the street is, the driver will be able to get you there without any trouble.

The reason why London taxi drivers are so _______ is that they have all _______ a very tough training period to get the special license to drive taxis. During this period, taking two to four years in general, the would­be taxi driver has to learn the most direct _______ to every single road and to every important building in London. _______this, most learners go around the city on small motorbikes, _______ how to move to and from different points of the city.

Learner taxi drivers are tested several times during the period by government officers. Most drivers think the exams are a terrible _______.

Learner drivers are not allowed to work—and earn money—as drivers, either. Therefore, many of them keep their _______ jobs until they obtain their taxi­driving license. The training period can cost quite a lot because learners have to pay for their own expenses—getting around London using _______ transport, the tests and a medical exam.

Once a new taxi driver has a license, the ________ thing to deal with is the public.

Drivers agree that most passengers are very nice, although ________ they can be annoying. ________, if they’re unpleasant to their passenger, they won’t get a tip.

But sometimes it’s not only the tip that is ________, a taxi driver’s job can also be dangerous. To avoid this, more and more drivers are joining radio taxi companies, which only deal with customers who have phoned for a taxi and who often have an account with them. The big ________ of this system is that drivers then know the names and the destinations of their passengers ________, which is very useful if anything ________ happens.

London taxi drivers love to talk to people and most of them start a ________ as soon as the passenger steps into their vehicle. Talking and driving at the same time is the art that London taxi drivers have brought to ________. They and their taxis are a ________ of the capital and are ________ throughout the world, along with the Queen, Tower Bridge and Big Ben.

1.

A．office

B．purpose

C．destination

D．home

2.

A．friendly

B．clever

C．effective

D．efficient

3.

A．gone through

B．taken on

C．taken up

D．carried out

4.

A．way

B．street

C．road

D．route

5.

A．Achieving

B．So as to achieve

C．To achieve

D．Only to achieve

6.

A．testing

B．practicing

C．exercising

D．watching

7.

A．moment

B．time

C．experience

D．life

8.

A．temporary

B．full­time

C．part­time

D．previous

9.

A．public

B．private

C．alternative

D．personal

10.

A．only

B．next

C．another

D．remaining

11.

A．often

B．never

C．occasionally

D．rarely

12.

A．However

B．But

C．Therefore

D．Moreover

13.

A．at fault

B．at risk

C．under threat

D．in doubt

14.

A．priority

B．problem

C．advantage

D．profit

15.

A．in advance

B．in turn

C．as a result

D．later on

16.

A．upsetting

B．amazing

C．interesting

D．boring

17.

A．speech

B．communication

C．conversation

D．interview

18.

A．satisfaction

B．memorization

C．recognition

D．perfection

19.

A．milestone

B．symbol

C．landscape

D．signal

20.

A．understood

B．considered

C．recognized

D．popularized

7 . Geography is an important tool for learning and understanding history. Geography affects history—just look at the changes in world geography over recent years. Governments change, and _______ countries were born. Many countries no longer have the same names they _______even five years ago. Climate changes _______events such as droughts(干旱) and floods that cause lots of loss of life and the movements of people from one place to another in search of_______. Environmental changes can change the entire _______of a community or region.

As with history, children have a natural interest in_______. Watch a group of children playing in the sand. One child makes streets for his cars, _______ a second child builds houses along the_______. A third scoops out a hole and _______ the dirt to make a hill, then pours water in the ________ to make a lake, using sticks for ________. The children name the streets, and ________ may even use a watering can to make________ that washes away a house. They may not realize it, ________these children are learning some core features(核心特征)of geography—how people interact with the Earth, how climate ________land, and how places ________each other through the movement of things from one place to another. Turning to maps or globes, when we talk with our children about vacation plans, events ________around the world or historical events, we teach them a great deal about geography. Not only can such activities help our children learn how to use key reference tools, ________ over time, they help them form their own mental maps of the world, which allows children to better organize and ________information about other people, places, times and________. Such activities also help our children learn to how to work together in the future.

1.

A．new

B．some

C．many

D．old

2.

A．did

B．do

C．are

D．have

3.

A．bring about

B．come about

C．take place

D．happen

4.

A．relative

B．safe

C．help

D．safety

5.

A．people

B．history

C．nature

D．housing

6.

A．climate

B．building

C．environment

D．geography

7.

A．while

B．but

C．and

D．so

8.

A．paths

B．streets

C．railway

D．ways

9.

A．makes

B．create

C．pull

D．uses

10.

A．house

B．street

C．hole

D．hill

11.

A．houses

B．bridges

C．streets

D．road

12.

A．we

B．he

C．they

D．workers

13.

A．cloudy

B．cover

C．snow

D．rain

14.

A．but

B．and

C．yet

D．still

15.

A．effects

B．affects

C．affect

D．influence

16.

A．relate to

B．concerned

C．involving

D．refer to

17.

A．to happen

B．happening

C．happen

D．happened

18.

A．but

B．and

C．besides

D．so

19.

A．write

B．read

C．understand

D．know

20.

A．weather

B．history

C．climate

D．events

8 . 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
If you ever have a chance to go to Finland, you’ll probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.
Take the taxi drivers for example. You can go_______on a journey, tell the driver to_______you at any place, say that you have some business to_______, and that you will pay the taxi driver later. He will agree without any_______but just accept your words in good_______.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their_______, but also provide food for outside_______. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they_______go to the free dining rooms to have their meals, and the_______they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such________check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to wine and dine free of________.
Finnish workers are paid by the hour. If you work in Finland and have________the boss on the hourly rate, then you just say how many hours you have worked and you’ll be paid________.
With so many loop holes in everyday life, surely Finland must be a good country to those who________to take “petty advantages”. But the__________ thing is, all the taxi passengers always come back to pay their________after they have attended to their business; not a________outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms; workers always give the exact hours they have________. As the Finns always act on good faith and always have a (an)_______of “right is right” and “wrong is wrong” in everything they do, so to live in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.
What we regarded as “foolish” is________the Finnish people’s way of life.1.

A．somewhere

B．anywhere

C．sometime

D．anytime

2.

A．stop

B．pass

C．drop

D．pick

3.

A．attend to

B．take care

C．take up

D．appeal to

4.

A．guarantee

B．anxiety

C．passenger

D．money

5.

A．smile

B．place

C．seat

D．faith

6.

A．meals

B．visitors

C．guests

D．cards

7.

A．waiters

B．diners

C．drivers

D．workers

8.

A．naturally

B．respectively

C．secretly

D．contently

9.

A．best

B．worst

C．most

D．least

10.

A．strict

B．complete

C．troublesome

D．loose

11.

A．registration

B．care

C．charge

D．noise

12.

A．paid for

B．debated with

C．talked about

D．agreed with

13.

A．accordingly

B．reluctantly

C．separately

D．automatically

14.

A．hesitate

B．hate

C．love

D．refuse

15.

A．strange

B．confusing

C．complex

D．imaginative

16.

A．business

B．trip

C．fine

D．fare

17.

A．single

B．faithful

C．familiar

D．usual

18.

A．worked on

B．put in

C．spent on

D．run out

19.

A．religion

B．law

C．idiom

D．attitude

20.

A．eventually

B．accidentally

C．actually

D．temporarily

9 . 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A.B.C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems ____
The origin of the eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated（孕育）by ____ .In China, the mother river is the Yellow River, ____ the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were____ for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture ____ went overseas to Japan, ____into the Japanese society and ____the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it ____ to the same system.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was ____on the Mesopotamian Plain（米索不达米亚平原） the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the _____ of the European culture. _____ the Chinese culture, the European one also ____ waters. When the colonists of England ____ in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't ____ from the European one a lot.
At the same time, the ____of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic（象形文字的） languages while the Western languages are ____ based on the Latin system, for example, the one I'm using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference ____ as well. However,____ the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom ____ until recent centuries____they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.1.

A．above all

B．on the whole

C．in all

D．in no case

2.

A．mountains

B．plains

C．lakes

D．rivers

3.

A．or

B．for

C．while

D．when

4.

A．developed

B．improved

C．created

D．protected

5.

A．suddenly

B．quietly

C．gradually

D．naturally

6.

A．mixed

B．changed

C．made

D．forced

7.

A．expanded

B．interrupted

C．ended

D．shaped

8.

A．comes

B．belongs

C．brings

D．adds

9.

A．brought up

B．carried out

C．given out

D．picked up

10.

A．result

B．sign

C．base

D．content

11.

A．Through

B．Except

C．With

D．Like

12.

A．affected

B．spread

C．crossed

D．formed

13.

A．joined up

B．settled down

C．broke down

D．went up

14.

A．come

B．suffer

C．result

D．differ

15.

A．distinction

B．contact

C．appearance

D．feature

16.

A．properly

B．hardly

C．simply

D．mostly

17.

A．last

B．count

C．reduce

D．change

18.

A．in terms of

B．due to

C．as to

D．in case of

19.

A．transform

B．display

C．communicate

D．distinguish

20.

A．Therefore

B．Meanwhile

C．Furthermore

D．However