1 . 阅读以下短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Travels of Xu Xiake is a travel note     1     (create) by Xu Xiake,     2     geographer in the Ming Dynasty. After 34 years of travel, Xu Xiake left more than 600,000 Chinese words of travel notes. After his death, the materials were collected into Xu Xiake’s Travels by others.

This book is the first work to systematically investigate China’s geomorphology (水文地质学) and geology (地理学). In addition, the beautiful words also make it a masterpiece of literature,     3     is of great value in geography and literature.

The fresh and beautiful writing style used to describe things in The Travels of Xu Xiake     4     (make) readers love it. The     5     (describe) of the scenery is not only close to reality, but also very accurate. Modern science and technology has also confirmed the accuracy of Xu Xiake’s records of geological landform and rock landscape.

The historical value of The Travels of Xu Xiake covers a wide range     6     levels. Apart from the observation of mountain landform, he also has     7     (detail) records on hydrological (水文学) distribution, river source exploration and the experience of the relationship between landscape and climate.

From these rich     8     (content), this travel note can leave a name in history. It is considered to be a work     9     (cover) literature and Science in the late Ming Dynasty.

The day of the first chapter of The Travels of Xu Xiake (May 19) is     10     (official) named as China’s Tourism Day.

Hangzhou is a city lying in Zhejiang Province, eastern China.     1     (be) an important southern stop of the Grand Canal that goes to Beijing, the city of Hangzhou is just     2     wonder and must-see scenic place to tourists.

As one of China’s seven ancient     3     (capital), Hangzhou has a history of more than two thousand years. It     4     (describe) by Italian traveler Marco Polo as the finest and most luxurious city in the world. The large number of scenic areas in Hangzhou can satisfy everyone’s     5     (curious). The West Lake scenic area,     6     contains over 60 cultural relic sites and several attractions of natural beauty, is no doubt the most famous. Taking a walk by the lake, you’ll feel the     7     (peace) atmosphere of the city and better understand its time-honored fame as “Heaven on Earth”.

Traveling to Hangzhou is also a chance     8     (experience) the happy and relaxing lifestyles of local people and enjoy delicious Hangzhou’s dishes, like the Beggar’s Chicken, West Lake Fish and Dongpo Pork. At night, the city     9     (have) much to offer. Choosing a tea-house overlooking the West Lake for a pleasant chat over a cup of tea is sure to make you feel     10     (total) relaxed and refreshed.

For five years, the most famous clock tower in Britain was hidden behind an ugly fortress of scaffolding (脚手架) for restoration. This summer, a sound familiar     1     Londoners for more than a century and a half will again ring out across the British capital — Big Ben is back.

The clock tower stands tall over the Palace of Westminster     2     houses the British Parliament (议会). It is officially known as the Elizabeth Tower but commonly called by     3     nickname of the enormous bell in the belfry (钟楼): Big Ben. The bell’s bong is     4     (instant) recognizable to Britons.

The size of Big Ben,     5     (weigh) a little over 15 tons, is impressive, as is the complexity of a clock mechanism based on the most     6     (advance) technology available to its 19-century creators. Nobody had ever attempted     7     (build) a clock that size to the accuracy demanded.

During the restoration, the clock was serviced for the first time since it started ticking in 1859, when crowds lined the streets to greet Big Ben’s    8     (arrive). More than 3500 parts     9     (remove) from the 316-foot tower, including much of its iron roof. Now freshly     10     (paint), the tower stands as a monument to what can be achieved by modern restoration.

Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas. Flying from Cusco into the Amazon rainforest, you will spend three days     1     (hike) and exploring nature. You will be     2     (amaze) by Incas’ dry stone method of building in Machu Picchu. In Lake Titicaca, the Uros homes are made     3     water plants from the lake.

Machu Picchu is an ancient city in Peru, South America. It     1     (build) many hundreds of years ago by the Incas, an ancient South American civilization (社会文明).

Machu Picchu is high up in the Andes Mountains of Peru. There are 3,000 stone steps     2     connect the city’s many different levels. This special stone city is very difficult     3     (get) to because it is so high in the mountains. It has only one way in and a stone wall to protect it.

Millions of people visit every year to see the stone city. The development of nearby towns and damage     4     the environment continue to destroy Machu Picchu. In 2017 the Peruvian government laid down some rules of     5     number of people who can visit Machu Picchu every day and even closed some sections to the public to protect the stone city.

Peru is taking     6     (it) protection of Machu Picchu one step further by starting a program to plant one million trees all around the protective zone that surrounds (围绕) the city. Apart from     7     (be) a really great environmentally friendly idea, the trees around Machu Picchu will     8     (certain) help to protect the historical landmark in many other     9     (way). The trees would help prevent mudslides (泥流) which can be very     10     (danger) and can destroy the site as well. It will also protect the area’s unique animals and plants.

The Changjiang River, China’s longest river     1    (rise) from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, flows eastwards for 6300 kilometers, eventually reaching Yuantoujiao in Jiangsu Province,     2     it flows into the sea. In the Yangtze River Delta to the north of Yuantoujiao, abundant rivers carry huge amounts of sediments (泥沙) to the sea.     3     also bring nutrients, piling up to form fertile coastlines and unique sandy ridges and sandbars.     4     the coastline of the Yellow Sea, hundreds of kilometres of coastal wetlands and ecological zones     5    (form). Every spring and autumn, nearly 3 million migratory birds around the world stop there to replenish themselves. Next to the Yellow Sea is one of China’s most     6    (economic) developed and densely populated     7    (region). While the economy is developing rapidly there, a large number of coastal wetlands have been preserved. This creates valuable habitats for millions of migratory birds and endangered species that prefer not     8    (disturb). Today, sediment accumulation and continental shelf settlement (大陆架沉降) are two dynamic geological forces, which are constantly shaping the landscape and ecological processes of the Yellow Sea and Bohai wetland,     9    (make ) it one of the most diverse and richest coastlines in the world. It is     10     organic combination of natural, biological and human functions, and a key hub on the East Asian-Australasian flyway of migratory birds.