1 . 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. Up to now, more than thousands of people     1    (climb)the world’s highest mountain successfully.     2     (fortunate), one in about every five of those     3     have stood on the mountain top did not survive the trip down. Many others died before reaching the summit. They all battled freezing temperatures, strong winds and snow. And they all risked developing a serious illness     4     (cause) by lack of oxygen.

You may find it     5     (astonish) that Erik Welhenmayer is one of the successful climbers. Thanks     6     his team, Erik Welhenmayer became the first blind man     7     (reach) the top of Mount Qomolangma. Each member of the team wore bells on their clothes for him to hear. They also called out warnings to help him cross dangerous areas. It was with determination that he     8     (overcome) the difficulties he met. It took Erik about two and a half       9     (month) to reach the top of this incredible mountain, which turned out     10     major success.

2 . Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.

Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.

Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.

They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.

1. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?

A．They produce oxygen.	B．They cover a vast area.
C．They are well managed.	D．They are rich in wildlife.

2. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?

A．Heavy rains	B．Big trees.
C．Small plants.	D．Forest animals.

3. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?

A．For more sunlight.	B．For more growing space.
C．For self-protection.	D．For the detection of insects.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Life-Giving Rainforests	B．The Law of the Jungle
C．Animals in the Amazon	D．Weather in Rainforests

3 . It seems we can’t get off the planet fast enough. Two thirds of NASA’s money is spent on manned space exploration, and that number will grow with the USA’s decision to send a man to Mars in 2037. We’ve seen all there is to see on Earth, right? Wrong. The final place is here, under the surface of the sea.

Heading down into the ocean, human limits are quickly reached. At 200 metres, the water is as black as a moonless night. Most nuclear submarines (核潜艇) would implode (内爆) before they reach 1 km down. At 3 km — still less than the average depth of the ocean — there’s a good chance that you’ll discover a new species. The deepest­diving whales go no further. At the very bottom, about 11 km down, lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.

Yet things live down there. Big things. A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale, the largest creature known on the planet.

In the late 1990s, a deep­water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean, and passing 4,000 metres, it discovered something huge passing under it. Surprised? Don’t be. The ocean covers 70% of the planet’s surface and we’ve studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.

One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms. The search for life outside of Earth is important, but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans. They’re absolutely important for doing ocean research too, but they can’t look under the sea. The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit all our lives. Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food, drugs and energy.

Perhaps now it's time to begin a new period of sea exploration. Manned exploration of space is science fiction (科幻小说). The adventure of the deep sea is science fact.

1. What do the examples in Paragraph 2 suggest?

A．Sea exploration is no easy task.

B．Nuclear submarines need to be improved.

C．The ocean is far deeper than people expected.

D．The condition under the sea is similar to that on the Moon.

2. What do we know about the Challenger Deep?

A．Blue whales live there.

B．No one has ever been there.

C．People are terrified by the sight of it.

D．It is the deepest known location on Earth.

3. What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean?

A．It’s surprising.	B．It’s no wonder.
C．It’s worrying.	D．It’s no success.

4. What does the author want to tell us?

A．Space exploration is of little value.

B．We spend too much money on space travel.

C．Humans’ success lies in how much they explore the sea.

D．The ocean is the place where we should make our efforts.

4 . The New Caledonia Barrier Reef (新喀里多尼亚堡礁)is located in New Caledonia in the South Pacific，and is the second－longest coral reef in the world，after Australia's Great Barrier Reef. The New Caledonia Barrier reef surrounds Grand Terre，New Caledonia's largest island，as well as the Ile des Pins and several smaller islands,reaching a length of 1，500 km. The reef encloses(围住) in a lake of 24，000 square kilometers，which has an average depth of 25 meters. The reefs lie up to 30 kilometers from the shore，but extend almost 200 km to the Entrecasteaux reefs in the northwest. This northwestern extension encloses the Belep Islands. Several natural passages open out to the ocean. The Boulari passage(通道)，which leads to Noumea，the capital and chief port of New Caledonia，is noted for the Amedee lighthouse.

The reef has great species diversity with a high level of endemism(动植物的特有分布)，and is home to endangered dugongs，a kind of sea animal，and is an important nesting site for Green Sea Turtle.

Most of the reefs are generally thought to be in good health. Some of the eastern reefs have been damaged by wastewater from nickel mining(镍开采)on Grand Terre. The waste from mining，agriculture，and grazing(放牧) has affected reefs near river mouths，which has been worsened by the destruction of mangrove forests，which help to keep wastes. Some reefs have been buried under several meters of wastes.

In January 2002，the French government proposed(提议) listing New Caledonia's reefs as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. UNESCO listed New Caledonia Barrier Reef on the World Heritage List on 7 July 2008.

1. Some of the New Caledonia's reefs have been damaged mainly because of ________.

A．human's activities

B．natural disasters

C．the earth's movement

D．its own development

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．New Caledonia only has an island named Grand Terre.

B．The New Caledonia Barrier reef is 25 meters under the sea surface.

C．Noumea is the capital and chief port of Grand Terre.

D．Australia's Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world.

3. The New Caledonia Barrier Reef entered the World Heritage List because ________.

A．it is special in species diversity

B．it will disappear in the near future

C．it is covered with thick forest

D．it is rich in nickel

4. We know from the passage that ________.

A．dugongs are well protected in the New Caledonia Barrier Reef

B．the Boulari passage is famous for the Amedee lighthouse

C．Green Sea Turtle is in danger because of the pollution

D．human beings take no measures to protect the New Caledonia Barrier Reef

5 . Ottawa is the capital of Canada. It is the second largest city in Ontario and the fourth largest city in the country.

The Centre Block is the main building on Parliament Hill (国会山). There also stand several ceremonial spaces, such as the Hall of Honor and the Memorial Chamber. The present Centre Block is the second copy of the building, after the first was undermined by a big fire in 1916, and it is one of the most recognizable buildings in Canada.

Downtown Ottawa is the commercial and economic centre of the city. Most of the buildings are office towers. While most of Ottawa’s high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has an important presence in the downtown center. The downtown also contains a number of apartments, hotels, and the older single family homes and townhouses along its edges (边缘).

The National Gallery of Canada is one of Canada’s earliest art galleries. The Gallery has a large and varied collection of paintings, drawings, sculpture and photographs. Although its focus is on Canadian art, it also holds works by some well-known American and European artists.

The Rideau Canal is the oldest continuously operated canal (运河) system in North America. At the very beginning, it was used to provide a safe supply and communication route between Montreal and the British naval (海军的) base in Kingston. It remains in use today mainly for people to boat and enjoy themselves, with most of its original structures undamaged. The locks on the system open for navigation (航海) in mid-May and close in mid-October.

1. What does the underlined word “undermined” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Destroyed.

B．Overcome.

C．Completed.

D．Checked.

2. What are the main collections of the National Gallery of Canada?

A．Paintings from Europe.	B．Sculpture and photographs.
C．Drawings by American artists.	D．Artworks by Canadian artists.

3. The Rideau Canal at present is mainly used for ________.

A．public transportation	B．pleasure boating
C．safe supply	D．communication route

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．Reasons for Visiting Ottawa	B．The Long History of Ottawa
C．Some Famous Places in Ottawa	D．An Unforgettable Trip to Ottawa

6 . Glasgow is situated in southwest Scotland along both banks of the River Clyde and has     1    population of over 590,000 people. It is the largest city in Scotland,     2     has successful business, finance, tourism, call centre, and an excellent harbour as well.

Glasgow is an     3     (attract) city in Europe. It has world-famous art     4    . (collect), the best shopping in the United Kingdom outside London, and the most     5     (enjoy) nightlife in Scotland. A must-see is the works of Scotland's best-known architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh, the unique style of whom     6     (decorate) attractions such as the Lighthouse, Glasgow School of Art and House for an Art Lover.

Art and culture are so important in Glasgow life     7    galleries and museums are great in number. There's a choice of over 20    8    (include) the world's first Museum of Religion and the outstanding McLellan Galleries.     9     their credit, the Scots value traditional art and culture in Glasgow and have them well     10    (preserve) through long time.