1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Tall, young and active

November 14, 1963 was a cold morning. This was nothing out of the ordinary for the fisherman. They were used to the winter weather around Iceland. Suddenly, however, they saw something unusual. Thick, black smoke was pouring out of the sea.     1     (think) a boat was on fire, they raced toward it. Yet as they got closer, they realized it was     2     quite different. Magma (岩浆) was rubbing away from the ocean floor. The fishermen watched as a new island rose from the sea. This island, later     3     (name) Surtsey, joined the thousands of volcanic islands worldwide.

The island of Hawaii is one of the most well-known volcanic islands. Lava (熔岩) from multiple volcanoes built this island. One of these volcanoes is Mauna Kea. Mauna Kea began under the ocean over 1 million years ago. Magma broke through the Earth’s crust- that is, the outer layer of the earth.     4     the magma cooled, it formed an underwater mountain. About 100,000 years ago, the mountain rose     5     sea level. Eruption (喷发) then became more frequent and more violent. Layers of lava hardened into rock. Now, Mauna Kea     6     (measure) 9,966 meters from ocean floor to mountain peak, making it the world’s highest mountain.

Fortunately for Hawaiians, Mauna Kea volcano is quiet - for the time being.     7     volcano on the same island is anything but quiet. Kilauea is smaller than Mauna Kea. However, it has erupted nonstop since 1983 and is the world’s most active volcano,     8     produces between 300,000 and 600,000 m² of lava every day. Over the past two decades. It     9     (add) more than 540 acres to the island. In spite of the danger, it is a popular tourist attraction. Yet,     10     this popular tourist attraction contributes to the Hawaiian economy financially also comes at a cost. Kilauea is responsible for taking both lives and homes.

2 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 80 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Caves are important in many areas of science. Earth scientists study how rock forms and changes in caves. Biologists visit caves, too, to learn about the unusual species that live in them.

However, caves are important for another reason. On the walls of some caves are paintings. They were made by people who lived thousands of years ago. Some of the earliest paintings, like the ones in EL Castillo Cave in Spain, are forty thousand years old. Some are outlines of hands or simple designs. Others show animals or people hunting. They were painted using natural red, orange, white and black minerals. These works of art connect us with people who lived long ago.

Interestingly, most of these cave paints were not found by scientists. They were found by people exploring caves for fun. For example, the cave paintings in Lascaux, France, were found in 1940 by a group of boys. They had no idea that the pictures they found on the walls of the cave were over seventeen thousand years old. Over the years, people have found these types of amazing paintings in sites all over the world.

You can explore these caves, too. Some have become very popular tourist sites. They are easy to visit and have underground tours for the public. However, exploring other caves can be more difficult. You must be careful, and you need to be prepared for cold, darkness and danger. And you might have to walk through mud or water. Dress warmly and bring special equipment, such as helmet with a light. But these underground worlds are so fascinating that it is worth the trouble.

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