1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A piece of fossil sponge (海绵) that formed during the early Cambrian period was recently discovered in Changde, Hunan Province.

The     1     (discover) fossil sponge can date back to 540 million years ago. It ranges around 4 centimeters in     2     (high) and 3.5 centimeters in width. Paleontologist (古生物学家) Zou Hesi told the Global Times that the size is giant for a sponge from that period of time.

“Sponges become bigger and bigger over time; another fossil piece     3     (date) back to around 300 million years ago was also recently discovered in Ireland, for example. It was about 50 centimeters,” Zou told the Global Times. Found near the Cliffs of Moher, the piece     4     (name) as “Cyathophycus balori”. It is so far the largest known fossil sponge in the world.

    5     4-centimeter Chinese piece was unearthed     6     (unexpected) during a field survey that local researchers were conducting in the Taoyuan District, Changde. Tong Guanghui, a research fellow at the Hunan Museum of Geology,     7     (tell) the media that the team found a piece of rock on their way     8     research destination in the town of Sanyanggang.

“So we stopped, and used a geological hammer     9     (examine) the piece. It was unearthed in such a complete condition,     10     made us all thrilled about the discovery,” said Tong.

2 . Researchers in Germany have found leftovers of 5,000-year-old burnt porridge inside a ceramic (陶瓷的) pot. The pot was unearthed at a Neolithic settlement known as Oldenburg LA 77. Historians say the site was once home to one of the oldest villages in the German region of Schleswig-Holstein. “As soon as we looked inside the person’s cooking pot, it was obvious that something went wrong.” says Lucy Kubiak-Martens, an archaeobotanist with the Dutch research firm BIAX Consult.

The problem? Whoever attempted to make their meal that day must have cooked it for a bit too long, burning the grains inside.

The research was a teamwork between Kiel University and Kenaz Consult and Laboratory, both in Germany, and BIAX Consult. The team used electron microscopy (显微术) to learn about the chemical composition of the food leftovers. Although burning the food may have ruined someone’s meal thousands of years ago, it also helped preserve the leftovers, allowing today’s researchers to get a better look.

“While the animal fats are absorbed into the ceramic and leave a signal there, the plant food components can only be detected in the burnt food crust,” says Kubiak-Martens in a statement from Kiel University. The researchers found that the leftovers contain barley (大麦) and emmer grains, as well as seeds from a white goosefoot plant. They also learned that the barley was harvested and prepared in a style similar to that of contemporary German farmers. The wheat appears to have been processed in a sprouted (发芽) state., which has “several advantages over unsupported grain”, according to the study. Sprouted gains also have nutritional benefits, such as higher levels of important vitamins like iron and vitamin C, and they are easier to digest.

“Food in the Neolithic Age was therefore by no means tasteless, but rather varied,” according to the statement. “People had a highly differentiated sense of taste and attached great importance to good flavour.”

Previously, researchers thought the pot held dairy products. The new analysis revealed that the leftovers were actually a “sophisticated preparation of plant-based foodstuffs”. The team hopes their findings will help provide a more comprehensive understanding of dietary habits in the region.

1. Why did the food leftovers get preserved?

A．They were burnt by accident.	B．They were inside a ceramic pot.
C．They were stored in a special way.	D．They contained some special chemicals.

2. What can we infer about the Neolithic people?

A．They liked to eat burnt food.	B．They had a poor sense of taste.
C．They paid little attention to nutrition.	D．They knew how to make different foods.

3. What did researchers think pots contained initially?

A．Burnt porridge.

B．Dairy products.

C．Animal fats.

D．Plant seeds.

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．An Analysis of Food Leftovers	B．A Teamwork on Food Research
C．The Dietary Habits of Ancestors	D．Burnt Porridge Inside an Ancient Pot

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Located in the Yangtze River Basin, the archaeological (考古的) ruins of Liangzhu date back to 3, 300~2, 300 BC. The ruins reveal a nearly state with a unified belief system based on rice cultivation (种植), and this state    1     (offer)evidence that the Chinese civilization started 5, 000 years ago, 1, 000 years earlier than previously     2     (estimate). These ruins are    3     outstanding example of early urban civilization.

Chen Minghui, archaeologist and director of the Liangzhu Workstation, has an    4    (awful) tight schedule everyday as he not only has to deal with research work in Liangzhu and Lishui, but also needs to help review English-version books about the Liangzhu civilization, which    5     (release) soon.

Having worked in Liangzhu for 11 years, Chen is always     6     (confidence) that Liangzhu’s 5, 000-year history is unquestionable as it has all the necessary elements characterizing an ancient civilization, which are also key     7     (factor)that helped Liangzhu to be listed by UNESCO. “We must share our research results with the world,    8     (let) people from all over the world learn from and understand China’s Liangzhu civilization,” the 35-year-old archaeologist said.

    9     Chen hopes is to bring cultural relics (文物)     10     life, detailing all the exciting findings about Liangzhu-related research for people all over the world.

4 . Roughly 2,000 years ago, Mount Vesuvius erupted, destroying the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Now some scientists are working to decode (解码) one of the great mysteries of that time — the scrolls (卷轴) of Herculaneum.

In 1752, workers were digging in Herculaneum when they uncovered a home that had belonged to a rich person. Inside, under a layer of volcanic mud, they discovered over 600 scrolls — the largest library of the ancient world. Most of the scrolls were made from papyrus—a paper like material. The heat from the volcano had burned the scrolls so much that they looked like blocks of charcoal (木炭).

The scrolls were so fragile that just touching them could make them fall apart. So scientists have been looking for ways to read the scrolls without opening them. Dr. Seales developed a method of using a CT (computed tomography) scanner to take 3D X-ray images of a papyrus scroll. Then he used a computer program to “unroll” the scroll, and get pictures of what it looked like on the inside. In 2016, his team used this method to read a burned scroll found near the Dead Sea.

But the scrolls from Herculaneum are much harder. The ink is made from charcoal and water, and doesn’t show up well in CT scans. He trained an AI program to figure out the writing. Though Dr. Seales was making progress, it was slow going. Then Dr. Seales met with two businessmen, who had the idea of creating a contest.

About 1,500 people have taken part in the contest. These people are sharing information as they make progress, so everyone can build on those ideas. In August, Luke Farritor, a 21-year-old student at the University of Nebraska, created an AI program that found a whole word: “πορψúραc”, or “porphyras” which means “purple”.

“This is the first word ever read from these ancient scrolls. For me, reading words from within the Herculaneum scrolls is like stepping onto the moon,” Dr. Seales says. “Now I can’t wait to explore.”

1. What is known about the scrolls of Herculaneum?

A．They were stored in the library.	B．They were dug out by workers.
C．They were made from charcoal.	D．They were the largest in the world.

2. What does the underlined word “fragile” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Easily broken.

B．Newly written.

C．Nicely wrapped.

D．Rarely seen.

3. What was the main purpose of the contest created by the two businessmen?

A．To futher promote their products.

B．To find out who was more intelligent.

C．To encourage people to contribute ideas.

D．To cultivate a sense of business awareness.

4. How does Dr. Seales feel about the potential discoveries?

A．Disappointed.

B．Ashamed.

C．Confused.

D．Excited.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In Diaoyu city, an ancient castle in Southwest China’s Chongqing, a special tour was conducted recently with a focus on damaged walls, old stones and ordinary-looking locations, rather than the photogenic spots     1     (normal) favored by tourists.

Ten people from four     2     (family) were invited to the new archaeology-themed study tour,     3     was organized by Chongqing’s institute of cultural relics (文物) and archaeology. The tour was designec     4    (bring) the cultural relics more vitality (生机) and develop the interest of participants in study ins history and archaeology     5     (office) data shows that Chongqing has about 26,000 immovable cultural relics and over 1.48 million movable ones. By the end of 2021, there had been 108 million state-owned cultural relics.     6     total number of world heritage sites in China had reached 56,     7     (rank) second in the world.

Other than the study tour, Chongqing has promoted the charm of history and culture, such as opening the country’s first archaeology-themed café     8     starting an immersive (沉浸式的) and theatrical experience in a historic structure.

Chongqing     9     (bring) 10 more historical sites into the range of archaeological tourism in the future. These tourist attractions     10     (expect) to inspire the interest of teenagers in history and archaeological culture.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Discoveries made during the latest excavation of Pit No.1 at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, have allowed Chinese archaeologists to gain more insight into     1     the world-famous Terracotta Warriors and their weapons were made.

According to a recent report archaeologists     2     (restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors. They discovered that the arms of these figures were created separately and then attached to the bodies and covered in a layer of fine clay. The carving of fine details was completed     3     the arms were attached.     4     (additional), the pit has yielded a variety of weapons, including long-range attack weapons, shields for defense, as well as drums and drumsticks used for commanding soldiers.

“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together. Such     5     (wise) was unique to China,” Lv Qiuxia,     6     expert on ancient Chinese art, told the Global Times on Wednesday. Lv added that the way the warriors were made differed based on their social status and class. “When     7     (analyze) how they were made, we noticed that the warriors were divided into different classes. This contributes to research     8     the burial culture of the Terracotta Warriors.” the expert noted.

Through excavations, Chinese researchers have established the types and arrangement of weapons     9     (use) by the Terracotta Warriors as well as the formations and patterns of the     10     (mystery) underground army.

7 . Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn’t ask for typical new year’s gifts this year. _________, the little scientist requested cold-water waders (高筒靴) so that she could hunt for fossils (化石).

Molly _________ with her father and sister to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach on the early morning. Molly’s father, Bruce Sampson, has always been into fossil _________, and his daughters share his _________.

Molly has got an impressive collection of more than 40 _________ over the years. These fossils range from modern-day shark teeth to far _________ items, like megalodon (巨齿鲨) teeth. Molly herself has found megalodon _________ before, but on this day, she found one of the largest ones ever _________. She was standing in knee-deep water when she first saw the tooth.

“I saw something _________, and it looked like a shark tooth,” she __________. “We were about knee deep in the water.”

Molly reached for the tooth, but it was so big she __________ to take it out of the water. She felt “amazed” when she finally pulled it above the __________ and saw its size.

Now Molly is more __________ than ever to pursue a career in paleontology (古生物学) someday. Her mother says she hopes other girls will see Molly’s story and become __________ to get outdoors and study science, too. “We really want other kids to get excited about being outside,” said Alicia. This amazing find is a nicer __________ for this little young scientist’s new year.

1.

A．Therefore

B．Instead

C．Besides

D．However

2.

A．broke up

B．kept up

C．set out

D．found out

3.

A．stealing

B．crying

C．escaping

D．hunting

4.

A．doubt

B．regret

C．passion

D．happiness

5.

A．items

B．books

C．weeks

D．places

6.

A．younger

B．cleaner

C．older

D．uglier

7.

A．nose

B．teeth

C．hair

D．ear

8.

A．discovered

B．created

C．hoped

D．lost

9.

A．big

B．light

C．heavy

D．small

10.

A．screamed

B．worried

C．recalled

D．jumped

11.

A．ran

B．smiled

C．hurried

D．struggled

12.

A．earth

B．water

C．house

D．car

13.

A．shy

B．excited

C．humorous

D．afraid

14.

A．frightened

B．forced

C．surprised

D．inspired

15.

A．news

B．promise

C．wish

D．gift

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1968, many precious relics were unearthed in the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty including the Changxin Palace Lamp, which is acknowledged     1     “the first lamp of China”.

The bronze lamp bears the shape of a girl on her knees     2     (hold) a lamp. The lamp plate is on her left hand while her right hand,     3     is covered by a loose sleeve (袖子), carries the lampshade. The brightness of the lamp and the direction of the light can be adjusted with a handle and it controls two movable shades.     4     (remarkable), the girl’s right sleeve traps smoke from the burning lamp oil     5     channels it into the hollow body where water is stored, thus preventing the lamp from polluting the indoor air. Apart from that, the six component parts of the lamp can all be taken apart, and     6     (be) easy to clean.

The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp provides a glimpse into China’s glorious past, showing     7     wisdom of ancient Chinese people as well as ancient China’s achievements in science and technology. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic flame lantern     8     (inspire) by the Changxin Palace Lamp. Being a perfect     9     (marry) of green initiative and the Olympic Spirit, it uses double glass and a hidden division channel     10     (reduce) the smoke and carbon deposition (沉积).

9 . Fossils are well preserved remains, impressions, or traces (痕迹) of animals and plants that lived long ago. Paleontologists (古生物学家) divide fossils into two main groups. Some fossils, called body fossils, show the structure of the plant or the animal. They form directly from the remains of plants and animals. Other fossils, called trace fossils. They record signs of animal or plant activities, such as walking, feeding, scratching, or even resting.

Most animals and plants don’t become fossils after they die. They break down into little bits or may be eaten by other animals. But some remains get buried too fast, avoiding those things happening. An animal might die near a body of water and sink to the bottom, where its remains get covered in sediment (沉积物). As sediment builds up, mineral-rich water seeps into the remains, leaving minerals in the tiny spaces of the bones and even replacing the original bones. The new minerals react with those in the animal’s remains and then harden into fossils.

Most fossils are buried deep in the Earth. As the Earth’s surface changes, scientists can dig up new fossils and learn more about past life and the Earth’s history. In rock that formed before a certain time, roughly 2.8 million years ago, scientists will not find human fossils.

Fossils are our keys to understanding prehistoric life and the Earth’s history. By studying fossils, we learn about a great variety of plants and animals that lived in the past. We can know what they looked like, how and where they moved and what they ate. By comparing fossils from different time periods, we can track the evolution of a species, see how it adapted to changes in its environment, and understand more about the climate and environment where the fossils were buried.

1. What can we learn from paragraph 1?

A．Fossils are remains of plants and animals.

B．Trace fossils only tell us the activities of animals.

C．Trace fossils form directly from the remains of creatures.

D．Body fossils show almost the original structure of creatures.

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A．Where we can find fossils.	B．How animals and plants become fossils.
C．Different fossils have different features.	D．Which methods are used to study fossils.

3. What does the underlined phrase “seeps into” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Engages in.

B．Succeeds in.

C．Delights in.

D．Sinks in.

4. What does the author think of the research of fossils?

A．Ridiculous.

B．Complex.

C．Significant.

D．Inspiring.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese cultural relic authorities on Thursday revealed some new discoveries from the mysterious Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan Province.    1    (recognize) as one of the significant ancient remains in the 20th century, the 3000-year-old Sanxingdui is a national treasure buried with a variety of jade，bronze(青铜) and gold objects. Among the excavated artifacts(出土文物)， a complete gold mask about 10 grams in     2     (weigh),37.2 centimeters wide,and 16.5 centimeters high    3     (unearth)from No.3 Pit a few days ago. The gold mask is    4       (basic)the same size as one of the bronze heads dug from the same pit. Therefore, experts assume it was initially attached     5     the face of a bronze head.

Meanwhile,     6    big bronze mask was excavated from the pit. It is the     7     (large) bronze mask ever discovered at the site. The bronze mask has struck the fancy of Chinese netizens,    8     comments on the hairstyle reminded them of the crown-shaped hat worn by Zhuge   Liang , a Chinese statesman and military strategist that lived during the Three Kingdoms period.

Totally; the archaeologists(考古学家)    9    (discover)more than 500 pieces of relics over the last few months, impressed with the historical     10     artistic value.