1 . Macaques don’t use the sharp flakes they create for anything, Luncz adds, noting that the monkeys have sharp teeth and don’t need cutting tools. The similar ancient stone tools collected from some of the earliest known sites, however, show evidence of being used for cutting tasks. For example, in Oldowan, a site dating between 3.3 million and 1.5 million years ago, researchers analyzed use-wear patterns on the tools and found that some of the flakes showed damage along their edges, indicating that they had been used for cutting. Cut marks on some fossils revealed that hominins had used stone tools for butchering the animals, making it clear that the sharp stone tools were anything but unintentional by-products of other pounding activities.

Why does the author mention the Oldowan site in paragraph 3?

A．To provide specific proof.	B．To clarify a complex concept.
C．To present an interesting fact.	D．To make a detailed comparison.

2 . Archeologists said on Wednesday they have unearthed the oldest wooden structure ever discovered, dating from nearly half a million years ago, which suggests that our ancestors may have been more advanced than previously thought.

The exceptionally well-preserved wooden structure was found at Kalambo Falls in the north of Zambia near the border with Tanzania. It dates back at least 476,000 years, well before the evolution of Homo sapiens (智人), according to a study describing the find in the journal Nature.

The wood bears cut-marks showing that stone tools were used to join two large logs to make the structure, which is believed to be a platform, walkway or raised dwelling to keep our ancestors above the water. A collection of wooden tools, including a wedge and a digging stick, was also discovered at the site. The ancestors of humans were already known to use wood at this time, but for limited purposes such as starting a fire or hunting.

Larry Barham, an archeologist at the U. K.’s University of Liverpool and the study’s lead author, said the structure was a “chance discovery” made in 2019 while excavating the site located on the banks of the Kalambo River, above a 235-meter waterfall.

Discoveries involving such ancient wood are rare, because it tends to rot leaving behind little trace for the historical record. But the high level of water at Kalambo Falls is believed to have preserved the structure over the centuries.

Excavations at the Kalambo site in the 1950s and 1960s unearthed some wood, but it was not able to be accurately dated. However, this time around, the researchers used a new method called luminescence dating, which determines age by measuring the last time certain minerals were exposed to sufficient heat or sunlight. This revealed that the structure was much older than the researchers had thought, dating back at least 476,000 years.

The discovery of the wooden structure “changed how I thought about these people”, Barham added. “They transformed their surroundings to make life easier, even if it was only by making a platform to sit on by the river to do their daily chores,” he said. “They used their intelligence, imagination and skills to create something they’d never seen before, something that had never previously existed.”

1. What can be learned about the wooden structure according to Paragraphs 1 and 2?

A．It was found in Tanzania.	B．It enjoyed a long history.
C．It was partially damaged.	D．It was used by Homo sapiens.

2. What might the wooden structure act as?

A．A bridge.

B．A weapon.

C．A walking stick.

D．A hunting tool.

3. What plays a key role in dating the wooden structure?

A．The shape of the wood.	B．The water in the wood.
C．The weight of the wood.	D．The certain minerals in the wood.

4. What is Barham’s attitude toward the research of the wooden structure?

A．Approving.

B．Worried.

C．Indifferent.

D．Objective.

3 . Lingjiatan Ancient Cultural Site

Position

Lingjiatan site is located in Lingjiatan village, Hanshan County, Anhui Province.

Status

·With a history of about 5,600 years, it is the largest and best preserved Neolithic settlement site found in Chaohu Lake Basin in the lower reaches of the Changjiang River.

·The unearthed area is 2,200 square meters, including 1 altar in the late Neolithic age, 66 tombs, 1 relic built with large-area red pottery blocks, 1 house site, and 1,300 precious cultural relics such as delicate jade ritual vessels, stone tools and pottery, of which jade accounted for more than half.

Importance

·The “Stonehenge” unearthed at the site is the only site found so far that there are Stonehenge remains in the Neolithic period in China, and its construction age is about 1,000 years earlier than that of Stonehenge in Britain.

·Unearthed “jade dragon”, the flat round jade dragon connected end to end is called “the first dragon in China”.

·The unearthed stone drill is one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the Neolithic Age in China in the 20th century.

Research value

·Studying urban elements

Lingjiatan site is the first settlement site in China with hierarchical architecture based on terrain. It plays a noticeable role in studying the evolution of Chinese ancient society and the exchange and collision of East, West, North and South cultures.

·Moving the history of Chinese cities forward for more than 1,000 years.

Mysteries to be solved

·Did the Youchao people master the metal smelting technology at that time? Have they produced the most primitive text symbols?

·After the discovery of Lingjiatan site, does Youchao’s birthplace lie in Chaohu Lake Basin?

1. How many precious cultural relics were unearthed according to the text?

A．1,000.

B．1,300.

C．2,200.

D．5,600.

2. Why is Lingjiatan site important?

A．There exists the only Stonehenge in the world.

B．The jade dragon is considered as “the first dragon in China”.

C．The stone drill is the most important archaeological discovery in history.

D．Moving the history of Chinese history forward for more than 1,000 years.

3. Which has proved true about Lingjiatan site?

A．Youchao’s birthplace lies in Chaohu Lake Basin.

B．The Youchao people mastered the metal smelting technology.

C．Lingjiatan site was the first settlement site for the ancient people.

D．The exchange of four-direction cultures ever happened in Lingjiatan site.

4 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What did the divers do when they found the objects?

A．They gave them to their company.

B．They kept on digging deeper.

C．They told a historical expert.

2. How did Ambrose know the sinking time of the ship?

A．By doing research in museums.

B．By analyzing the goods on the ship.

C．By collecting information from a story.

3. What was the ship used for according to Ambrose?

A．Looking for gold.

B．Delivering big guns.

C．Seeking metal.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The recent opening of a new exhibition building at the Sanxingdui Museum, in Guanghan, in Sichuan province, made the place     1     instant tourist hot spot. The bronze heads, golden masks, holy trees and various statues reveal the    2     (mystery) faces of a culture dating back more than 3,000 years.

For those who cannot make it to Guanghan,     3     the extensive site of Sanxingdui is located, an immersive exhibition     4    (equip) with digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui,     5     (offer) an alternative means to be awed by the magnificence of this Bronze Age culture. It is running at the Longfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb 29.

It provides a time-travel experience for both an educational and artistic appeal. The journey begins     6     a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, when objects were found by farmers digging an irrigation ditch (灌溉沟渠); and it highlights the important moments in the past century’s continued archaeological efforts, to reveal the myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet     7     (uncover).

On show     8     life-size reproductions of dozens of astonishing artifacts, supervised by Sanxingdui Museum, such as 2.6-meter bronze statues, 3.8-meter-wide bronze masks and “the holy tree” standing nearly 4 meters.

Images of these objects found at Sanxingdui and their     9     (pattern) have been digitalized, animated and projected on screens, leading the audience into the ancient kingdom of Shu, a     10     (civilize) that thrived for centuries in the southwest during the Zhou Dynasty, and disappeared suddenly, leaving many myths and legends.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Discoveries made during the latest excavation of Pit No.1 at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, have allowed Chinese archaeologists to gain more insight into     1     the world-famous Terracotta Warriors and their weapons were made.

According to a recent report archaeologists     2     (restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors. They discovered that the arms of these figures were created separately and then attached to the bodies and covered in a layer of fine clay. The carving of fine details was completed     3     the arms were attached.     4     (additional), the pit has yielded a variety of weapons, including long-range attack weapons, shields for defense, as well as drums and drumsticks used for commanding soldiers.

“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together. Such     5     (wise) was unique to China,” Lv Qiuxia,     6     expert on ancient Chinese art, told the Global Times on Wednesday. Lv added that the way the warriors were made differed based on their social status and class. “When     7     (analyze) how they were made, we noticed that the warriors were divided into different classes. This contributes to research     8     the burial culture of the Terracotta Warriors.” the expert noted.

Through excavations, Chinese researchers have established the types and arrangement of weapons     9     (use) by the Terracotta Warriors as well as the formations and patterns of the     10     (mystery) underground army.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Working on one of the most famous sites in the world, I’m delighted though tired and covered in dust. I have been digging all day as an archaeology student from England since I     1     (select). The Terracotta Warriors (兵马俑) were discovered in 1974. Some peasants were digging a well     2     they dug up the head of a clay warrior. Can you imagine their     3     (astonish)? Soon archaeologists from Beijing,     4     the whole world knows, dug up 6, 000 clay warriors here. The warriors vary in height according to their roles, with the     5     (tall) being the generals. Eventually Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Tomb was also found nearby. In 1976 another spot was discovered, this one     6     (contain) 1, 400 warriors. The firm belief that there existed life after death got around widely     7     the Ancient Chinese. It seemed that Emperor Qin Shihuang had had the soldiers     8     (make), which were buried near     9     (he) to guard his soul in the next life. Although it lay here hidden and forgotten for so long, the site is visited by tourists from every comer of     10     globe. How fortunate I am working here!

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1968, many precious relics were unearthed in the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty including the Changxin Palace Lamp, which is acknowledged     1     “the first lamp of China”.

The bronze lamp bears the shape of a girl on her knees     2     (hold) a lamp. The lamp plate is on her left hand while her right hand,     3     is covered by a loose sleeve (袖子), carries the lampshade. The brightness of the lamp and the direction of the light can be adjusted with a handle and it controls two movable shades.     4     (remarkable), the girl’s right sleeve traps smoke from the burning lamp oil     5     channels it into the hollow body where water is stored, thus preventing the lamp from polluting the indoor air. Apart from that, the six component parts of the lamp can all be taken apart, and     6     (be) easy to clean.

The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp provides a glimpse into China’s glorious past, showing     7     wisdom of ancient Chinese people as well as ancient China’s achievements in science and technology. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic flame lantern     8     (inspire) by the Changxin Palace Lamp. Being a perfect     9     (marry) of green initiative and the Olympic Spirit, it uses double glass and a hidden division channel     10     (reduce) the smoke and carbon deposition (沉积).

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空处填入1个适的单或插号内单词的正确形式。

Located in Guanghan city of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province and covering an area of 12 square kilometers. Sanxingdui Site is the remains of the ancient Shu culture, which dates back     1     4,800-2,600 years ago, and is considered to be one of the     2     (great) archaeological (考古的) discoveries in the 20th century. This particular discovery is a strong proof of the     3     (exist) of the ancient Shu State and the integrative pattern of the multi-cultures of the Chinese nation.

In fact, as a cultural site,, Sanxingdui had come into the notice of archaeologists in as early as the 1930s, and     4     (exploration) were made soon. It all began     5     a farmer called Yan Daocheng dug out a number of treasures     6     (accidental) in the spring of 1929. In the summer of 1986, thousands of rare treasures were unearthed from two large newly-discovered sacrificial pits (祭祀坑). The unearthed objects are unique in shape and superior in techniques,     7     (confirm) the extraordinary creativity of the ancient Shu people and their desires     8     (connect) with and understand the universe.

After sleeping for 3,000 years, their awakening has shocked the world. When our eyes     9     (caught) by the creations of the ancient Shu ancestors, it is     10     encounter with a civilization lost for 3,000 years.

10 . On 2 November 1974, Dr. Donald Johanson, a paleoanthropologist (古人类学家), with his student Tom Gray, was there, in Hadar in Ethiopia, a volcanic region home to ancient humans. The pair had been out exploring and had decided to walk back to their car via a valley. As they walked, they noticed an elbow bone sticking out. Nearby, they found pieces of a skull, ribs, a thigh bone, a pelvis and a jaw. It took weeks of careful work to recover all the pieces, and they found almost half of a skeleton.

On the night of this incredible discovery, Johanson and the team listened to The Beatles’ Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds on their tape deck (录音机). Inspiration struck, and that’s how this famous fossil got her name.

Lucy was a member of a species called Australopithecus afarensis (阿法南猿), and she lived more than 3 million years ago. The wear on her wisdom teeth shows that she was fully mature when she died, but she would have grown up quickly. She was probably only around 12 years old and weighed just 29 kilograms (64 pounds), barely half as much as a human female. Her brain was only one-third of the size of ours, and her face was ape-like, with a powerful jaw. She had curved fingers, and marks on her upper arm bone show that her muscles were strong, both showing that she was a competent climber.

How did Lucy die? Anthropologist (人类学家) John Kappelman and his colleagues think that she might have fallen from a tree. There are cracks in her bones and according to Kappelman’s reconstruction, Lucy fell from a height of 15 metres (50 feet) and hit the ground feet first. She broke both her ankles and knees.

The trouble with this theory is that it’s hard to prove. According to other researchers, the damage to her bones could also have occurred after she died.

1. Why did Johanson and the team name it Lucy?

A．Because it was found in Hadar in Ethiopia.	B．Because they took weeks to recover the pieces.
C．Because it looked like half of a skeleton.	D．Because they were listening to that song then.

2. What do we know about Lucy?

A．She was an over-twelve-year-old fully mature adult.

B．Compared with humans in weight, she was much lighter.

C．With one-third of the size of our brain, she was smarter.

D．She was only competent in climbing with curved fingers.

3. How did Lucy die?

A．The fall from a tree killed her.	B．She fell and hit the ground.
C．Her ankles and knees broke.	D．No one knows for sure.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The discovery of Lucy and her death.	B．The scientists’ exploration in Hadar.
C．The pieces of a skull were found by accident.	D．The theory of the cause of Lucy’s death.