2 . Two thousand years ago, the ancient Roman city of Caesarea had the largest harbor on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It was a wonder of engineering for its time. Then disaster struck. Written records say a huge wave destroyed the harbor. What kind of wave caused it? Did it ally happen? No one had ever found the evidence of the wave... until now.

Dr Goodman is part of a team of scientists studying samples at Caesarea to figure out what happened in the past. A sample is taken by striking a tube into the seafloor. When the tube is pulled up, it contains sediments (沉淀物) that have collected on the seafloor for hundreds or thousands of years. Looking down through the mixture of sand, stones and other sediments is like looking back in time.

That’s what Dr. Goodman was doing when she found something astonishing. It was a layer (层) of shells — all came from the time the harbor was destroyed. Dr. Goodman knew this shell layer had a story to tell.

Usually, shells are part of the mixture of sediments collected on the seafloor. A shell layer is as thin as your finger. Yet Dr. Goodman was staring at a layer nearly 1 meter thick! Almost all the shells were broken.

The thick layer of broken shells meant a sudden, powerful event swept these shells into the area. The broken shells were evidence that a huge wave really did destroy the harbor. Dr. Goodman could even tell the direction of the wave from the way the shells lined up.

Here’s what Dr. Goodman thinks happened. First, an earthquake struck north of Caesarea along the coast. Energy from the movement of rock during the earthquake caused a tsunami. This huge wave raced across the sand and kicked up shells along the way and broke them into pieces. Finally, the wave crashed into the harbor and destroyed it.

Dr. Goodman plans to gather evidence for other ancient tsunamis along the Mediterranean coast. This will help her predict what areas are likely to be struck by future tsunamis. Then people can avoid building in these areas.

4 . A waterworks maintenance team discovered a possible one-of-a-kind Roman road in a field in Worcestershire that may date back 2,000 years.

If asked to name a place where you might make a once-in-a-lifetime archaeological (考古的) discovery, your mind may go to the pyramids of Egypt or the peaks of the Andes...not a field in Worcestershire. But a field in Worcestershire is exactly where workmen recently discovered what is thought to be a Roman road up to 2,000 years old！

The road was discovered during routine (常规的) waterworks maintenance by Severn Trent. Archaeological experts from Wychavon District Council were called to the scene and immediately recognised the find’s significance.

Wychavon District Council’s archaeology officer Aidan Smyth said, “When I first saw it, it took my breath away. If proven to be from the first century AD, it would be beyond rare.”

Experts say it is constructed in a traditional Roman technique, with similar roads only being found in Rome and Pompeii. Ruts (车辙) in the stones show that it was used by carts for a long time. A team from Historic England is expected to investigate further to determine the exact origin of the structure.

This is actually not the first significant historical discovery in Worcestershire. A number of possible forts have been suggested in Worcestershire since the 1950s, and Worcestershire is thought to possibly have been the site for the Roman town of Vertis.

It is too early to say without 100 per cent certainty that the road is Roman, but even if it is a road in the Middle Ages, it will still be a nationally significant discovery. If it is indeed a first-century Roman road, then it is the only one of its kind in Britain.

Over 2,500 pieces of cultural relics dating back up to 2,200 years were unearthed in Guang zhou, capital of south China’s Guangdong Province, local authorities said Friday. The cultural relics were unearthed at     1     construction site near Zhongshan Liu Lu (Road), Yuexiu District (区).     2     (cover) a total area of 2,400 square meters, the site used to be a commercial center of Guangzhou in ancient times. Besides, many important archaeological discoveries     3     (find) nearby up to now.     4     (prepare) the land for further development, Guangzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology started an excavation(挖掘) project there from May to December this year, uncovering an amazing number of     5     (history) remains and cultural relics. The unearthed objects     6     (main) include pottery, porcelain, bronze and iron wares,     7     date from the Han Dynasty (202 BC - AD 220) to the early 20th century, according to Cheng Hao, an official with the institute. Remains of 196 pits, 57 wells, 43 pools and three roads were also among the discoveries.

The     8     (ruin) of a large Song Dynasty (960-1279) building, which belonged to the upper class was     9     highlight of the excavation, Cheng said.

“The excavation outcomes are     10     great significance for understanding the changes of the history and geography in Guangzhou’s urban areas,” Cheng added.

Archaeologists have excavated (挖掘) the ruins of a house       1    (date) back more than 5,000 years in the Yangshao village site in Henan Province.

The house       2    (be) once a large building that might have covered more than 130 square meters.     3     is believed that it belongs to the late Yangshao Culture period, says Li Shiwei from Henan Provincial Institute of Archaeology.

“This is the first time that large house ruins       4    (discover) since the excavation of the Yangshao village site in 1921.” Li said.

Archaeologists also unearthed a large number of       5    (culture) relics at the site. It is of great       6    (significant) for studying the development of civilization in the Yellow River basin during the prehistoric period.

In 1921, the first excavation on the Yangshao village site,     7     is in Mianchi County, Henan Province, marked the birth of modern-Chinese archaeology.

Originating from the Yellow River, the Yangshao Culture is considered as       8     important stream of Chinese civilization and is       9    (wide) known for its advanced pottery-making technology. The fourth archaeological excavation on the Yangshao village site began       10     Aug 22, 2020, and is still in progress.