1 . 语法填空

The archaeological ruins of Liangzhu in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, which date back 5,300 years,       1     (include) onto the UNESCO World Heritage list as a cultural site on July 9, 2019, bringing the total number of the Asian country’s sites on the list     2    55.

The ruins,     3    core area covers 14.3 square kilometers in the northwest of Hangzhou, are considered as an important    4     (represent) of early urban civilization, with rice-growing agriculture as the economic foundation.

The heritage site includes city ruins with palace     5    (remain), 11 early-stage dams, high-level cemetery sites. The site is also known for its abundance of ceremonial jade, which shows a complicated ritual system and indicates a kingdom with     6     combined authority of god and kingship.

For example, cong — the jade piece that forms a rectangle tube with a circular inner section-is typical of artifact (器物)    7     (unearth) in Liangzhu. In 1986, the biggest known item of this kind, which weighs 6.5 kilograms and    8    (refer) to as the “King of Cong”, was discovered in Fanshan Cemetery in the city ruins.

Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the     9    (surround) water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, the construction of which is estimated     10     (take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish.

2 . 语法填空

Come and see the Terracotta Army: more than 8,000 statues were made in the     1    (three) century BCE     2    (guard) the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang! Each statue has a different face,     3    (lead) researchers to believe that each one is a copy of     4    real soldier. The     5    (statue) fill only one part of the emperor’s huge tomb, which still has not been     6    (complete) unearthed. More than 700,000 people worked for nearly 40 years to build this tomb.     7    , no one in modern times knew     8     the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974,     9    some farmers discovered the tomb while they     10    (dig) a well!

3 . A small group of paleontologists (古生物学家) recently discovered 10 species of ancient mammals previously unknown to science with the help of an enormous number of helpers at their dig site: ants.

The study of ancient mammals sheds new light on the diversity of mammals that existed in North America around 33 million to 35 million years ago, when the climate was changing drastically. It also pays attention to the harvester ants, with which re-searchers have long had a love-hate relationship. “The ants are not fantastic when they’re biting you,” said Samantha Hopkins, a professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Oregon. “But I’ve got to appreciate them because they make my job a whole lot easier.”

Most species of harvester ants live in caves that sit beneath a small hill of dirt. They strengthen the dirt by cowering it with bits of rock and other tough materials. The ants have been known to travel over a hundred feet from their caves and to dig six feet deep in pursuit of materials that help secure their caves. The materials include fossils. Harvester ants can carry materials 10 times to 50 times the weight of their body, although they do not weigh very much, so the heaviest fossil they can collect weighs less than the average pill.

Given the size, harvester ant hills are hot spots for what scientists call fossils, which are animal fossils too small to see with-out a microscope. For over a century, scientists like Dr. Hopkins have found sediment (沉积物) off the sides of harvester ant hills in search of these fossils, making it easier to find large numbers of fossilized mammal teeth without spending hours in the field sifting through sand and dirt.

1. What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To compare two different species.

B．To provide evidence for discoveries.

C．To introduce a kind of ant as a helper.

D．To promote awareness of mammal protection.

2. Which aspect may influence the diversity of mammals in the past?

A．Climate change.	B．Ant numbers.
C．Cave materials.	D．Dirt locations.

3. What does the underlined word “beneath” mean in paragraph 3?

A．beside.

B．besides.

C．upper.

D．below.

4. What can we learn about the harvester ants from the last two paragraphs?

A．Their caves are miles deep.

B．Materials with fossils are their food.

C．They can carry pills around.

D．Fossils may be found around their hills.