1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Archaeologists have excavated (挖掘) the ruins of a house       1    (date) back more than 5,000 years in the Yangshao village site in Henan Province.

The house       2    (be) once a large building that might have covered more than 130 square meters.     3     is believed that it belongs to the late Yangshao Culture period, says Li Shiwei from Henan Provincial Institute of Archaeology.

“This is the first time that large house ruins       4    (discover) since the excavation of the Yangshao village site in 1921.” Li said.

Archaeologists also unearthed a large number of       5    (culture) relics at the site. It is of great       6    (significant) for studying the development of civilization in the Yellow River basin during the prehistoric period.

In 1921, the first excavation on the Yangshao village site,     7     is in Mianchi County, Henan Province, marked the birth of modern-Chinese archaeology.

Originating from the Yellow River, the Yangshao Culture is considered as       8     important stream of Chinese civilization and is       9    (wide) known for its advanced pottery-making technology. The fourth archaeological excavation on the Yangshao village site began       10     Aug 22, 2020, and is still in progress.

2 . Imagine this: You’re digging a well, and instead of hitting water, you unearth a headless human body made of pottery. This actually happened to farmers in Shanxi province in central China in 1974. Local archaeologists heard of the find and biked over to investigate. They realized that the figure had come from a tomb built over 2,000 years ago for China’s first emperor, Qin Shihuang. Archaeologists finally discovered three separate pits (穴) filled with 8,000 life-sized statues, all made from terracotta — a type of fired clay.

About a mile away from these pits, there’s a large mound (山丘). Archaeologists know that this is the main part of Qin Shihuang’s tomb, but they have never looked inside. They have left it alone out of respect for the first emperor and to protect the tomb as it is.

“Many people wish to see the treasures and mysteries inside, but we cannot,” says Xiuzhen Li, an archaeologist. Opening the tomb could damage its contents. Someday, Li hopes, we’ll have technology that will let us see inside the main part of the tomb without opening and disturbing it.

“Probably in the near future we’ll have some new technology that can see inside like an x-ray,” she says. Scientists are working on techniques that make it possible to see underground. Another idea is that a tiny robot could enter through a small hole and capture videos of what it sees. Even if this robotic exploration is done very carefully, however, it would still damage the tomb. For now, the Chinese government prefers to wait to do anything until they have even better technology.

1. What’s the suitable description of the figure from the tomb?

A．A copy of real soldiers.	B．A model of emperors.
C．In ruins.	D．In colors.

2. Why can’t archaeologists go inside the tomb?

A．It might be ruined.

B．It is very dangerous.

C．The robot is not clever enough.

D．The government doesn’t allow it.

3. What’s Xiuzhen Li’s attitude to seeing inside the tomb in the future?

A．Unconcerned.	B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful.	D．Objective.

4. Where is the text probably taken from?

A．An encyclopedia.	B．A history textbook.
C．A newspaper.	D．A travel guide.

5 . Fossils are well preserved remains, impressions, or traces (痕迹) of animals and plants that lived long ago. Paleontologists (古生物学家) divide fossils into two main groups. Some fossils, called body fossils, show the structure of the plant or the animal. They form directly from the remains of plants and animals. Other fossils, called trace fossils. They record signs of animal or plant activities, such as walking, feeding, scratching, or even resting.

Most animals and plants don’t become fossils after they die. They break down into little bits or may be eaten by other animals. But some remains get buried too fast, avoiding those things happening. An animal might die near a body of water and sink to the bottom, where its remains get covered in sediment (沉积物). As sediment builds up, mineral-rich water seeps into the remains, leaving minerals in the tiny spaces of the bones and even replacing the original bones. The new minerals react with those in the animal’s remains and then harden into fossils.

Most fossils are buried deep in the Earth. As the Earth’s surface changes, scientists can dig up new fossils and learn more about past life and the Earth’s history. In rock that formed before a certain time, roughly 2.8 million years ago, scientists will not find human fossils.

Fossils are our keys to understanding prehistoric life and the Earth’s history. By studying fossils, we learn about a great variety of plants and animals that lived in the past. We can know what they looked like, how and where they moved and what they ate. By comparing fossils from different time periods, we can track the evolution of a species, see how it adapted to changes in its environment, and understand more about the climate and environment where the fossils were buried.

1. What can we learn from paragraph 1?

A．Fossils are remains of plants and animals.

B．Trace fossils only tell us the activities of animals.

C．Trace fossils form directly from the remains of creatures.

D．Body fossils show almost the original structure of creatures.

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A．Where we can find fossils.	B．How animals and plants become fossils.
C．Different fossils have different features.	D．Which methods are used to study fossils.

3. What does the underlined phrase “seeps into” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Engages in.

B．Succeeds in.

C．Delights in.

D．Sinks in.

4. What does the author think of the research of fossils?

A．Ridiculous.

B．Complex.

C．Significant.

D．Inspiring.

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Clues at Ancient Lake Site Reveal Earliest Known Cooked Meal

Scientists have found the earliest known evidence of cooking at an archaeological site in Israel. The discovery has suggested prehistoric humans were able to deliberately make fires to cook food at least 780,000 years ago.

The detailed study of fish teeth unearthed at the Gesher Benot Ya’ aqov site revealed that some of our early ancestors — most likely Homo erectus ( 直立猿人) believed to be the first hominin ( 古人族)     1     (migrate) outside Africa — were able to cook fish, said Dr. Irit Zohar, a researcher at Tel Aviv University’ s Steinhardt Museum of Natural History.

No human remains     2     ( find) at the site before, but the stone tools matched     3     found at Homo erectus sites across Africa, Zohar said. She said the lake would have been shallow, and it might have been easy to catch large fish like the extinct Luciobarbus longiceps, which     4     grow up to. 5 feet (2 meters), by hand.

This is an incredibly important discovery     5     the shift to eating cooked meals meant humans spent less energy on the intensive work of searching for and digesting raw food, freeing up     6     . Diet has had a big impact on the evolution of our species. It has been suggested     7     the consumption of meat in particular contributed to the increase in relative brain size of our early Homo ancestors — but they risked     8     ( contract) diseases while consuming the uncooked meat which was likely to be contaminated by infective bacteria, ” Linscott said.

“Cooking, however, kills bacteria and increases the energetic value of meat,     9     ( create) a new reliable food source for early hominins. Understanding when this happened is therefore a topic of great interest, because it might help to explain     10     our hominin ancestors evolved the way in which they did. ”

7 . A rich burial was unearthed by archaeologists at La Almoloya, southeastern Spain that is the cradle of the El Argar civilization, which lived in the region during the Bronze Age.

La Almoloya was a primary center of politics and wealth in the El Argar territory, and although the discovery was made in 2014, experts are now taking a closer look at the sociological and political context of the unearthed treasure.

The remains of a woman, along with a man who may have been her husband, were discovered in the forested hills of the area. Radiocarbon dating suggests the burial happened around 1700 BC. The pair were found with 30 objects containing precious metals and semi-precious stones, including the silver diadem (王冠), which encircled the skull (颅骨) of the woman.

Experts believe that the man in the grave was probably a warrior; wear and tear on his bones indicate he spent a lot of time on horseback, and his skull had deep scars from a facial injury, while gold plugs through his earlobes indicated he was someone of distinction.

The woman, named the “Princess of La Almoloya”, was buried a short time after the man, with vast quantities of jewellery: bracelets, earlobe plugs and rings, to name a few. The grave goods of the woman were worth tens of thousands of dollars in today’s money.

“We have two ways of interpreting this,” says archaeologist Roberto Risch of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. “Either you say, it’s just the wife of the king; or you say, no, she’s a political personality by herself.”

Risch is a co-author of a study that was recently published about the important findings, that noted the building under which the grave was found was of equal importance—a building specifically dedicated to governing purposes in Western Europe. A wide hall was excavated (挖掘), with high ceilings, a raised platform, and a capacity for more than 50 people to sit on benches that lined the walls. “It’s a building where people could be sitting listening to each other, or to someone explaining something,” says Risch, “There is no evidence of food and no clear-cut religious artefacts, so it doesn’t look like a home or a temple.”

The discovery at La Almoloya shed new light on the politics and gender relations in one of the first urban societies of the West. Previous findings have revealed that women were considered adults at a much younger age than boys were. Excavated grave goods have highlighted that girls as young as six were buried with knives and tools, but boys would be in their teens by the time they would be buried alongside such objects.

Additionally, the graves of some women from EI Argar were reopened generations later to bury other men and women, an unusual practice that experts believe would have been a very high honor. “What exactly their political power was, we don’t know,” Risch adds. “But this burial at La Almoloya questions the role of women in [Bronze Age] politics... it questions a lot of conventional wisdom.”

1. The woman discovered at La Almoloya ________.

A．proved to be a princess during the Bronze Age

B．was buried long after her husband’s death

C．lived in an ancient society called El Argar

D．was holding a silver diadem when unearthed

2. The man in the grave was believed to be a warrior mainly because ________.

A．he had gold plugs through his earlobes	B．he was buried next to the woman
C．he was buried with knives and tools	D．he had injuries and scars on his bones

3. According to Risch, the ancient building seemed to ________.

A．have been used for political meetings	B．have served some religious purposes
C．be the first temple built in Western Europe	D．be specially dedicated to food trading

4. What can be inferred from the discovery at La Almoloya?

A．Women were buried with more riches than men in the Bronze Age.

B．The role of women in Bronze Age politics had been overestimated.

C．Women may have been powerful rulers in the El Argar civilization.

D．Women were considered adults at a much younger age than boys.

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Sanxingdui Ruins, in the city of Guanghan, is one of the     1     (important) ancient remains not only in China but all over the world. It is about 40 kilometers from Chengdu in Sichuan Province.

The Sanxingdui Ruins is best known for     2     (it) rich cultural content, large size, and the length of time it has been standing since it     3     (create). The Sanxingdui Ruins is made up    4     several large relic areas that are considered as the largest ancient Shu cultural relic sites in Sichuan Province,     5     (total) extending 12 square kilometers.

According to     6     the experts were able to find, the Sanxingdui Ruins housed actual life about 2,800 to 4,800 years ago, which means the people     7     (live) behind the mysterious Ruins were during the late Neolithic (新石器时代的) age. While you are visiting the Sanxingdui Ruins, the highlight (最精彩的部分) will be the very unique Sanxingdui Museum in the northeastern part of the Ruins. The museum     8     (cover) a total area of 200,000 square meters and has lots of modern equipment. The government spent over 30 million yuan on the     9     (construct) of the museum, creating     10     simple but very solemn (庄严) style.

10 . 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When it comes to ancient civilizations, most people think of the Greeks and Romans. It’s understandable as both     1     (shape) modern society in some way so far, whether it be their social, cultural, or political influences. However, dozens of civilizations had been around long     2     the Greeks and Romans, the lesser-known Jiahu people     3     (include).

The Jiahu settlement is located in the central plain of ancient China,     4     area known today as the Henan Province. The people created the country’s oldest recognized civilization. The area is rich in artifacts,     5     (make) it an archaeologist’s dream. Apart from the usual finds, people have uncovered records of the earliest examples of Chinese writing and proof     6     they were producers of the world’s oldest wine. Another remarkable discoveries was the oldest working bone flutes (长笛).     7     (typical) carved from the wing bone of a crane, they were most likely used in special ceremonies. Rough weaving tools and bone needles also     8     (unearth) from the site, indicating that Jiahu residents may have possessed basic weaving and sewing skills 8,500 years ago.

The settlement’s end came around 5700 BCE when the nearby rivers overflowed and flooded the area. It is assumed that the Jiahu people left their home     9     (settle) elsewhere, even though there is no indication as to     10     that might have been.