In the past few years, more than half of bookstores in China have closed down,
So far, the government
2 . Shop prices in the United Kingdom accelerated at their fastest rate in more than 10 years last month, according to a closely watched measure. The British Retail (零售) Consortium, or BRC and NielsenIQ Index showed retail price annual inflation (通货膨胀) rose sharply to 1.8 percent in February, up from 1.5 percent in January. This is the highest rate recorded by the indicator since November 2011, the BRC said in a news release.
Fresh food price rises as well as health, beauty, and furniture prices contributed to the inflationary increase, said the BRC. Helen Dickinson, the BRC’s chief executive, said retailers were also being impacted by higher shipping rates, as well as labor shortages, commodity price increases and rising energy prices. “Food inflation remained the key driver behind higher prices, particularly for fresh food, which has been impacted by poor harvests, both in the UK and globally,” Dickinson said. “There is little sign of change, with the Bank of England predicting price rises to continue until at least the spring.”
The rise in shop prices adds to the cost of living pressure faced by British households already ready for a major increase in energy bills next month. Mike Watkins, head of retailer and business insight at research company NielsenIQ, said retail prices would likely continue to rise throughout the next few months.
“Inflation has increased since the start of the year and the potential trend in shop prices will be upwards over the next few months,” he said. “With falling income for most households, retailers will need to keep encouraging customers to spend by offering choice and value and, for some, discounts as well as added benefits for loyal shoppers.” Dickinson added, “Price rises will be unwelcome news for households who already face falling income because of the rise in national insurance and energy price caps.”
The Bank of England is trying to deal with inflation with higher interest rates, and is predicted to raise borrowing costs for the third time in a row this month, noted the BBC. In a response to a Treasury committee report into last year’s budget, Chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak said on Wednesday that Britain’s economy and public finances were “vulnerable (易受伤害的)” to higher inflation and interest rates.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.How price rises influenced British households. | B.What factors resulted in the high inflation. |
C.Price rises would continue until at least the spring. | D.Food inflation remained the key driver behind higher prices. |
A.All the people in a family. | B.All the possessions in a family. |
C.All the savings members of a family have. | D.All the occupations members of a family have. |
A.By investing in more fields. | B.By decreasing borrowing costs. |
C.By supplying more money. | D.By raising interest rates. |
A.UK retail prices rise fastest for decade |
B.Households in UK face falling income |
C.Rise in shop prices adds to living pressure in UK |
D.UK retail price annual inflation rises to 1.5 percent in January |
3 . For decades, wealthy nations have transported plastic waste, and the environmental problems that go with it, to poorer countries, but researchers have found a potential bright side of this seemingly unequal trade.
In a study, researchers analyzed 11 years of data on the global plastics trade against economic measures for 85 countries. They found that the import of plastic waste was associated with growth in GDP in the low-income countries. They stressed that plastic waste is still a big problem, especially for developing countries, as the majority of it doesn’t get recycled and even plastics that are recycled still finally negatively affect the environment.
For the study, researchers analyzed data from the United Nations and the World Bank looking at several economic variables as well as trade information on common plastic waste. While they found an association between economic benefits and plastic waste imports in the low-income countries, for the high-income countries there was no association between importing waste and economic growth.
While the study didn’t assess exactly how the plastic waste was made use of in the developing countries, the authors note that it’s likely they’re recycling some of the plastic for use in industry. There was also some evidence that the low-income countries were trading the plastic waste among themselves regionally.
The researchers stressed that there is much complexity in global trading of plastic waste. In the future, they plan to investigate the regional trade among countries as well as changes in more recent years. Even with the economic benefits of importing plastic waste, reducing environmental harm from plastics would still likely require changes from both high-income countries and low-income countries.
“Some people might argue that developed countries need to create more ways to better process plastic waste at home, instead of looking for other destinations for plastic waste abroad,” one of the researchers said. “Some communities in the United States may do well in recycling plastic waste, but in others, there is still room for improvement. Producing and using less plastic would be another way to reduce environmental harm.”
1. How does most imported plastic waste end up in developing countries?A.Being unrecycled. | B.Being repurposed. |
C.Being sold repeatedly. | D.Being processed scientifically. |
A.How complex the global trading of plastic waste is. |
B.How developing countries use the imported plastic waste. |
C.Whether developing countries trade plastic waste with each other. |
D.Whether high-income nations benefit financially from importing plastic waste. |
A.More effective ways have been found to have plastic waste processed. |
B.Plastic should be completely banned for environmental protection. |
C.Developed countries should help poorer countries process plastic waste. |
D.The degree to which plastic waste is recycled varies greatly across America. |
A.Recycling Plastic Waste Still Has a Long Way to Go |
B.Plastic Waste Does Play an Important Role in the Global Trade |
C.Plastic Waste Has Some Economic Benefits for Developing Countries |
D.Developed Countries Shift Environmental Harm by Exporting Plastic Waste |
“Is Russia really worth the name BRICs?” asks Anders Aslund, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, in an article for Foreigh Policy. Aslund, who is also co-author with Andrew Kuchins of “The Russian Balance Sheet”, thinks the Russia of Putin and Medvedev is just not worthy of inclusion alongside Brazil, India and China in the list of future economic powerhouses. He writes:
“The country’s economic performance has fallen to such a weak level that one must ask whether it has any say at all on the global economy, compared with the other members of its group. I have just returned from Moscow, which is always dull around this season. For the last seven years, Russia has taken very few measures to improve its economy. Instead, the state has been living on oil and gas. ”
Economically, Aslund has the numbers on his side. The International Monetary Fund figures that the Russian economy will fall by 6.7 percent in 2009, while China will grow 8.5 percent and India 5.4 percent. There is less of a case for Brazil, with a fall of 0.7 percent, but it is still doing far better than Russia.
But the BRICs are not just about economy. As is mentioned above, it is a marketing device to encourage investors to focus on the big promising players. From an investment standpoint, it could be argued that Russia is leading the BRICs. Its stock(股票)market is up 128 percent this year while around 80 percent is for the other three.
At very least, however, Russia’s economic underperformance and stock market outperformance does suggest it is indeed one of the group.
1. According to the passage, which country will enjoy the biggest increase in 2009?
A.China. | B.Russia. | C.Brazil. | D.India. |
A.Russia’s economic performance is far worse than the other three |
B.Russia’s leaders are not good at managing economy |
C.Russia has taken effective measures to improve its economy |
D.Russia will no longer attract investors from other countries |
A.Anders Aslund is working for the Russian government |
B.Russia outperformed the other three countries in stock market |
C.most people disagree Russia is included in BRICs |
D.the BRICs would end up being the BICs sooner or later |
A.suggest it’s time to kick Russia out of the BRICs |
B.feel worried about the economy of the BRICs |
C.think Russia is worth being one of the group |
D.show disappointment to Russia’s economy |
BackRub was the name two graduate students gave to the new search engine they developed in 1996. They called it BackRub because the engine used backlinks to measure the popularity of Web sites. Later, they wanted a better name — a name that suggests huge quantities of data. They thought of the word googol. (A googol is a number followed by 100 zeros.) When they checked the Internet registry of names to see if googol was already taken, one of the students misspelled the word by mistake, and that’s how Google was born.
Google is just one example of a name change in the business world. Many other companies have decided to change their names or the names of their products. Here are some more examples:
Jerry Yang and David Filo, two young computer specialists, developed a guide to Internet content in 1994. They called it “Jerry and David’s Guide to World Wide Web.” But they soon realized that this wasn’t a very catchy name, so they searched through a dictionary and found a better one: “Yahoo.”
Sometimes companies change their names because of the popularity of one of their products. In 1962, a young runner named Phil Knight started a company called Blue Ribbon Sports. In 1971, Knight decided to design and manufacture his own brand of shoes. He named the shoes after the Greek goddess of victory — Nike. Nike shoes became so well known that Knight changed the name of the whole company to Nike.
1. According to the text, Google .
A.has been famous since 1996 |
B.is a result of a spelling mistake |
C.means a number followed by 100 zeros |
D.is the original name of the search engine |
A.had been registered | B.had been forgotten |
C.was not attractive | D.was too short |
A.its founders | B.its customers |
C.its popular products | D.its advanced techniques |
A.The name changes | B.The history of Google |
C.How to choose a name? | D.Why are names important? |
6 . You may not be aware, but digital currency (货币) is a big part of the Internet world. QQ Coins can buy you accessories (配饰) for your QQ images. More importantly, a new digital currency, Bitcoin, is bringing the world’s commerce online.
If you’re traveling, you can spend Bitcoins at restaurants and hotels listed at BitcoinTravel.com. In China, Bitcoins can be used to buy goods at about 134 online shops on Taobao. And at a café named 2nd Place in Beijing, you can even buy fresh coffee with Bitcoins.
So what makes Bitcoin so attractive to investors?
First of all, the Bitcoin system is not controlled by anyone. One central authority cannot make policies to change the value of Bitcoins. The fixed amount of Bitcoins also means they cannot lose value through inflation(通货膨胀), as all forms of paper money have done over time.
In addition, accounts in the Bitcoin system are anonymous and transparent. Users can set up an account easily and track every Bitcoin. All of these features seem to make Bitcoins immune(有免疫力的) from loss, but that is not entirely true.
“The value of Bitcoins can vary wildly as no central government makes the price of them steady. If the value drops suddenly, investors cannot get any compensation(赔偿),” Zhao Qingming, a senior researcher at China Construction Bank, told China Economic Weekly. And Bitcoins, unlike company shares, are not backed by any tangible assets(有形资产), which also adds to their risk.
While China will not recognize the digital currency anytime soon, Xinhua said, lawmakers and officials at a hearing on Nov. 18 in the US made positive comments about Bitcoin.
Ben Bernanke, outgoing chairman of the Federal Reserve, told the Washington Post that “these types of creations, such as Bitcoin… may hold long-term promise, particularly if its system promote a faster, more secure and more efficient payment system.”
1. Bitcoin is ______.A.actually exactly like QQ Coins | B.only used online |
C.a new currency used both online and in real life | D.a country’s new digital currency. |
A.online goods | B.goods at 134 online shops on Taobao |
C.books in physical shops | D.coffee at a café named 2nd Place |
A.the value of it can rise and fall wildly. |
B.It cannot lose value through inflation. |
C.Every bitcoin in your account can be followed. |
D.It can even be used at some specific restaurants and hotels. |