1 . Healthy See, Healthy Do

Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases.     1    

The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food.     2     And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior. A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example.

    3     It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods. “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department.

Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.     4     Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.

Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.     5     The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.

The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines will open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.

A．They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.

B．These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health.

C．They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.

D．The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.

E．These foods give people more energy.

F．The location of store displays also influences our shopping choices.

G．The products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.

2 . A bargain is something offered at a low and advantageous price. A more recent definition is: a bargain is a dirty trick to force money out of the pockets of silly and innocent people.

The cost of producing a new—for example—toothpaste would make 80 p the proper price for it, so we will market it at £ 1.20. It is not a bad toothpaste, and as people like to try new things it will sell well to start with; but the attraction of novelty soon fades, so sales will fall. When that happens we will reduce the price to £ l. 15. And we will turn it into a bargain by printing 5 p OFF all over it.

Sometimes it is not 5 p OFF but l p OFF. What breathtaking rudeness to advertise l p OFF your soap or washing powder or whatever! Even the poorest old-age pensioner ought to regard this as an insult(侮辱), but he doesn’t. A bargain must not be missed. People say one has to have washing powder(or whatever)and one might as well buy it a penny cheaper.

The real danger starts when unnecessary things become “bargains”. Many people just cannot resist bargains. Provided they think they are getting a bargain they will buy clothes they will never wear or furniture they have no space for. Once I heard of a man who bought an electric saw as a bargain and cut off two of his fingers the next day. But he had no regrets: the saw had been truly cheap.

Quite a few people actually believe that they make money on such bargains. A lady once told me: “I’ve had a lucky day today. I bought a dress for £120, reduced from £400; and I bought a beautiful Persian carpet for £600, reduced from £900.” It will never occur to her that she has actually wasted £720. She feels as though she had made £ 580. She also feels, I am sure, that if she had more time for shopping, she could make a living out of it.

Some people buy in large quantities because it is cheaper. Once a couple bought enough sugar for their lifetime and the lifetime of their children and grandchildren. They thought it a bargain not to be missed. When the sugar arrived they didn’t know where to store it —until they realized that their toilet was a very spacious one. So that was where they piled up their sugar. Not only did their guests feel rather strange whenever they were offered sugar to put into their coffee, but the toilet became extremely sticky.

To offer bargains is a commercial trick to make the poor poorer. When greedy fools fall for this trick, it serves them right.

1. Which word best describes the language style of the passage?

A．Polite.

B．Foolish.

C．Humorous.

D．Serious.

2. What does the underlined word “novelty” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Good quality.

B．Low price.

C．Newness.

D．Curiosity.

3. How does the author feel about l p OFF a product?

A．It’s a gift for poor people.	B．It’s an offense to shoppers.
C．It’s a bargain worth trying.	D．It’s a real reduction in price.

4. Which statement will the author probably agree with?

A．Bargains are things people don’t really need.	B．Bargains are often real cheap products.
C．Bargains help people make a living.	D．Bargains play tricks on people.