1 . In an increasingly globalized business world, companies demand Human Resources (HR) leaders who can overcome cultural barriers to achieve key goals. This year, students in the Master of Human Resources and Industrial Relations (MHRIR) Program will get hands-on experience leading multicultural teams as they work together with peers (同辈) from all corners of the globe.

“Our students get firsthand experience on global teams, which helps them understand the challenges and the opportunities they will face in the business world,” said MHRIR Program Director Stacy Hove.

Elishka Correa joined the program to explore how HR leaders can help businesses grow quickly in the global marketplace. “Companies appreciate diversity — not only in terms of products and markets, but the people they hire — so that they can expand their business and reach customers in different parts of the world,” she said. “When I go into an organization, I’m not only going to work with Indians or Americans, it’s going to be a mix of people. That trend is beginning to grow, so I think it’s very important to appreciate people from different backgrounds.”

As they progress through the program, the students are discovering unexpected challenges as they work on projects in diverse teams. Each contributor brings a different approach to solving problems, communicating, and challenging one another’s opinions.

Devin Roll, a student from North Dakota, appreciating the unique views his classmates share, said, “The benefits of having cross-cultural experiences go far beyond the classroom. Diverse teams and companies outperform their competitors, and HR leaders act as a vital partner in acquiring and maintaining diversity in the workforce.”

Many of the international students in the program said they would return to their home countries after graduation and bring along connections to their classmates, who would build careers (职业) in countries around the world. They hope to stay in touch, and share their expert knowledge.

1. What is the aim of the program?

A．To help students to set clear goals.

B．To provide jobs for foreign students.

C．To teach students to run their own business.

D．To train students to build multicultural teams.

2. Which statement about cultural diversity does Elishka Correa probably agree with?

A．It prevents social advance.	B．It makes it easy to hire people.
C．It can help business growth.	D．It can put an end to the conflict.

3. What does Devin Roll think of the effect of the program?

A．It is predictable.

B．It is short-lived.

C．It is unidentifiable.

D．It is far-reaching.

4. What do many students expect to do after graduation according to the text?

A．Work for the university.	B．Keep closely connected.
C．Stay in their home countries.	D．Reform teaching methods.

2 . Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite. _________, recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts. They compute that, during the last 35 years, investing in the 10 percent of U. S. stocks analysts were most _________ about would have yielded on average 3 percent a year. _________, investing in the 10 percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising 15 percent a year.

Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this _________ with the help of cognitive sciences and, in particular, using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness. Decision makers, according to this view, _________ the representative features of a group or a phenomenon. These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.

After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google. “Googles” are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth, which makes them _________. The problem is that “Googles” are very _________ in absolute terms. As a result, expectations become too optimistic, and future performance_________. A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics (动态变化) of stock returns.

In related work, the authors also show that the same model can _________ booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.

These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at __________them into economic models. Kahneman and Tversky's concept of “representativeness” lies at the heart of this effort. “In a classical example, we __________ to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,” Prof. Gennaioli says. “However, only 10 percent of Irishmen are redheads. In our work, we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the __________ of this important psychological force in different fields.”

Representativeness helps describe __________ and behavior in different fields, not only in financial markets. One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups. In a recent experimental paper, Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence, and in particular the __________ of women to compete in traditionally male subjects, such as mathematics. A slight prevalence of __________ male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women, driving their under confidence in this particular subject.

1.

A．Consequently

B．Furthermore

C．Nevertheless

D．Meanwhile

2.

A．curious

B．controversial

C．concerned

D．optimistic

3.

A．In brief

B．By contrast

C．In addition

D．Without doubt

4.

A．engagement

B．concentration

C．puzzle

D．definition

5.

A．memorize

B．prioritize

C．modernize

D．fertilize

6.

A．representative

B．argumentative

C．executive

D．sensitive

7.

A．harsh

B．adaptable

C．crucial

D．rare

8.

A．cheers

B．disappoints

C．stabilizes

D．improves

9.

A．account for

B．count on

C．suffer from

D．hold up

10.

A．pouring

B．admitting

C．integrating

D．tempting

11.

A．pretend

B．afford

C．offer

D．tend

12.

A．effects

B．delights

C．intervals

D．codes

13.

A．companions

B．scales

C．expectations

D．findings

14.

A．necessity

B．involvement

C．perseverance

D．reluctance

15.

A．equivalent

B．exceptional

C．mysterious

D．distressing

3 . In recent years, labels have increasingly been used by the food industry. Whether “non-GMO” or “zero trans fat”, “no added hormones” or “sugar-free”, consumers are demanding more information about what’s in their food.

A report by Nielsen found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are using the new labels to meet consumers’ demand, with an eye towards giving their products a leg up over the competition, and their bottom lines a boost as well.

On its face, the new marketing strategy makes sense. But these so-called “absence claims” labels are harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. For example, Hunt’s put a “non-GMO” label on its tomatoes a few years ago — despite the fact that, at the time, there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Over the long term, this strategy will have the opposite effect: by creating fear, we run the risk of damaging consumers’ trust.

Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers’ minds: Should I have ever been eating these foods in the first place? By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to me?

For food manufacturers, it will damage consumers’ trust, which in turn would lower sales for the whole food industry. And this isn’t just supposition. A recent study by a group of academics at the University of Delaware found that “absence claims” labels can stigmatize(污名化) food produced with conventional processes even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm.

In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, it sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and, ultimately, more costly food products. Therefore, it’s clear that food manufacturers must be careful when using “absence claims” as a marketing strategy. If we allow this kind of label fear-mongering to continue, the losers will be all of us.

1. What is food manufacturers’ new marketing strategy?

A．Handing out free samples for consumers to taste.

B．Using creative wrappers to each customers’ eyes.

C．Attracting consumers by labelling “absence claims”.

D．Offering more detailed goods information to customers.

2. What does the author intend to indicate by mentioning Hunt’s?

A．The Hunt’s takes a lead in the food-marketing strategy.

B．Products without “non-GMO” labels are usually unhealthy.

C．Consumers tend to purchase products with “absence claims” labels.

D．The “absence claims” labels will have negative effects on consumers.

3. What impact does the new marketing strategy have on food manufacturers?

A．It will cut down the sales of their food products.

B．It will help remove the stigma of their brand history.

C．It will damage the trust of their cooperative partners.

D．It might increase the consumption of food processing.

4. What does the author advise food manufacturers to do?

A．Increase food choices for consumers.

B．Use “absence claims” labels cautiously.

C．Improve the efficiency of food production.

D．Innovate the processing methods of food products.

4 . As COVID-19 restrictions come to an end, foreign visitors have been returning to Paris. Outdoor booksellers called “bouquinistes” have now made their _________ to the neighborhood near the city’s famous Seine River. Many thought the pandemic would _________ their businesses and the tradition of selling by the river, which _________ over 500 years.

Rachid Boianouand is a(n) _________ sailor and fishing boat mechanic. He is now a bookseller. He opened his large green wooden _________ of used books and placed it on a wall _________ the river in the heart of Paris. He sells second-hand books to _________ as they pass by. He smiled as he said “I always love beautiful books, and I think why not share this _________ and share the books and authors I love with other people.”

The city council(委员会) recently _________ Boianouand and 17 other new river side booksellers. This brings the __________ number of booksellers along the river to 230. The booksellers’ riverside spots are __________ sought-after. The Paris city council __________ the spots to be used for five years. The booksellers don’t __________ rent, but they must stay open __________ four days a week. In normal times, __________ summers help with the slower sales of the winter months.

Jan and Maria - Aida Vandemoortele are visitors from Belgium(比利时). They enjoyed ____________ the old books and newspapers for sale. 68-year-old Jan said, “It’s only in Paris that you get to these __________ with wonderful books.”

The Seine book business is not only for tourists, __________, Parisians also love to walk along the river and visit the book sellers’ offerings. Kubilai Iksel, a 27-year-old Parisian, said, “It’s very __________ that new sellers have arrived, and it’s __________ that the Seine book business isn’t going to disappear. It’s one of the most wonderful things about Paris.”

1.

A．return

B．decision

C．point

D．contribution

2.

A．change

B．end

C．improve

D．star

3.

A．goes away

B．settles down

C．turns up

D．dates back

4.

A．green

B．experienced

C．former

D．rich

5.

A．plate

B．container

C．chair

D．table

6.

A．protecting

B．cleaning

C．leaning

D．overlooking

7.

A．workers

B．visitors

C．farmers

D．shoppers

8.

A．story

B．aim

C．passion

D．idea

9.

A．approved

B．considered

C．contacted

D．checked

10.

A．limited

B．clear

C．total

D．lucky

11.

A．finally

B．highly

C．roughly

D．equally

12.

A．permits

B．advises

C．requires

D．convinces

13.

A．gain

B．collect

C．demand

D．pay

14.

A．less than

B．at least

C．other than

D．at most

15.

A．profitable

B．comfortable

C．long

D．hot

16.

A．checking out

B．heading for

C．looking through

D．referring to

17.

A．stores

B．markets

C．workshop

D．stands

18.

A．however

B．besides

C．therefore

D．instead

19.

A．disappointing

B．worrying

C．encouraging

D．calming

20.

A．belief

B．promise

C．purpose

D．sign

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tea is one of the three major drinks in the world,     1     (produce) in more than 60 countries and regions worldwide and enjoyed by over two billion people. In November 2019, the United Nations declared May 21 as International Tea Day.

The resolution invites the international community     2     (observe) International Tea Day in     3     appropriate manner and in accordance(一致) with the most important thing the nation has to do, through education and activities aimed at raising public     4     (aware) of the importance of tea,     5     (especial) for rural development and sustainable livelihoods.

Tea production and processing is a main source of livelihoods for     6     (million) of families in     7     (develop) countries, and tea is the main means of survival for millions of poor families who live in a number of the least developed countries.

Tea production and processing contributes     8     the fight against hunger, the reduction of extreme poverty, the social position of women     9     the sustainable use of land ecosystems.

The tea industry is a main source of income and export taxes (税收) for some of the poorest countries and, as a labor-intensive industry,     10     (provide) jobs, especially in remote and economically disadvantaged areas.

6 . The sharing economy is a trend that has been growing in recent years. This economy is based on sharing resources, such as cars, homes, and even clothing, rather than owning them outright. Some popular examples of the sharing economy include Uber, Airbnb, and Lyft.

The sharing economy has several potential benefits. For one, it can help reduce waste and increase sustainability(可持续性), as resources are being used more efficiently. Additionally, it can help provide more affordable options for consumers, as well as create new sources of income for people who may not have had access to traditional job opportunities.

However, there are also potential drawbacks to the sharing economy. Many of the workers in the sharing economy are considered independent contractors, which means they are not entitled to the same benefits and protections as traditional employees. Additionally, there have been concerns about safety and insurance coverage for both the workers and consumers using these services.

1. What is the sharing economy?

A．An economy based on owning resources outright.

B．An economy based on sharing resources.

C．An economy based on consuming more resources.

D．An economy based on throwing away resources.

2. What are some potential benefits of the sharing economy?

A．It can create more waste and reduce sustainability.

B．It can create more expensive options for consumers.

C．It can provide affordable options for consumers and create new sources of income.

D．It can reduce job opportunities.

3. What are some popular examples of the sharing economy?

A．Private car ownership, traditional hotels, and taxis.

B．Public transportation, traditional hotels, and taxis.

C．Uber, Airbnb, and Lyft.

D．Uber, private car ownership, and public transportation.

4. What is one potential benefit of the sharing economy for people who may not have had access to traditional job opportunities?

A．It can create more traditional job opportunities.

B．It can eliminate traditional job opportunities.

C．It can provide new sources of income.

D．It can reduce job opportunities.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式.

The Silk Road was an important historical trade route     1     China and the Mediterranean. In the past, travel by land was difficult, dangerous and expensive, so only extremely precious goods     2    (trade)over long distances. In fact, silk made in China consists of a large proportion of the trade along that route. The German traveler and geographer, Ferdinand von Richthofen coined the term “the Silk Road” in 1877.

The history of the old Silk Road began with the explorations of Zhang Qian during the Han Dynasty. It was more than just a trade route. Today, the old Silk Road is being brought back to life through China’s Belt and Road Initiative     3    (announce) by President Xi Jinping in 2013, which is     4     development strategy that aims     5    (strengthen) cooperation among countries across Asia, Europe and Africa.     6     the Chinese government pursues is faster and     7    (efficient) goods service among     8    (participate) countries. More importantly, this new Silk Road makes more people come together in mutual understanding and friendship.

Parts of the Silk Road were listed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2014.     9     is hard to overstate the importance of the Silk Road of all time. The exchange of     10    (inform) contributed to new technology and innovation, changing the world dramatically.

8 . 阅读下面文章，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

People from all over China have crowded into Zibo city in recent months, expecting to have an     1    (appoint) with authentic (正宗的) barbecues. With various types of meat sizzling on stoves, people gather together outdoors to enjoy yummy food. The barbecue stands have created a lively atmosphere,     2     appeals to tourists around the whole country.

Since the Zibo barbecues were in the news     3     (frequent), the government     4    (seize) the opportunity to promote tourism, increasing the city’s financial success.     5    (policy) are quickly made and swift actions are taken to ensure that tourists have a safe and     6    (please) experience. Police officers assigned to maintain order can     7    (see) everywhere. Regulators (监管者) have carried out food safety inspections     8     (guarantee) that quality ingredients are used. Except for historical sites, the tourism department has introduced new sightseeing routes to those who are fond     9     exploring.

The arrival of tourists has boosted Zibo’s economy,     10    (advertise) a kind of success which owes to joint efforts from merchants and the government.

9 . German media group RTL has set up a new unit, RTL Ventures, to invest in consumer tech companies.

The idea is to build up a project combination of innovative European firms that aspire to become category market leaders in the long term and for which the DACH market (Germany, Austria and Switzerland) offers relevant growth potential, according to RTL, adding that the investment team can call on “cash and media resources” to achieve this. Further details were not given.

RTL Ventures will give the companies in its portfolio (文件夹) access to media brands across a wide range of media: TV, Addressable TV, digital and print. Its key asset (资产) is large audience reach in different target groups, which will help the companies build and scale up their brands during the growth phase as part of a marketing mix, according to RTL.

The investments are the responsibility of a separate team led by Beate Koch. Ute Henzgen and her team are responsible for media performance and media consulting for the investments. Urs Cete, Managing Partner of the Bertelsmann Investment Fund BDMI, will be part of the RTL Ventures investment committee and will work together with the investment team.

“By launching RTL Ventures, we have the chance to develop a new portfolio at an ideal time in the market. We will invest with a focus on yield, independence and partnership, and will always be there for our entrepreneurs (企业家). I’m delighted that we’ll have the benefit of the support.”

1. What is the purpose of RTL?

A．To provide the leader’s investment.

B．To deal with cash and media resources.

C．To form a unit of potential European companies.

D．To support growth potential of the innovative companies.

2. What does the underlined word “phase” mean in Paragraph 3?

A．Experience.

B．Stage.

C．Potential.

D．End.

3. What are the responsibilities of Beate Koch, Ute Henzgen and Urs Cete?

A．Co-working for RTL Ventures.

B．Managing investment team of entrepreneurs.

C．Commanding investment and media & managing field .

D．Taking charging of investment committee of entrepreneurs.

4. What does the last sentence of the passage mean?

A．Entrepreneurs’ plans are risky.

B．RTL Ventures’ future is not clear.

C．Customers are not satisfied with RTL Ventures.

D．A new portfolio in the market has a promising future.