1 . Tea culture is varied in different countries by the way tea is made and drunk, and by the places for tea drinking. How to make tea may be different. According to the ways of making tea, tea is classified into white tea, green tea, black tea, etc. And how to prepare tea may be different, too. In Tibet, tea is commonly boiled with salt and butter. People may drink tea at home or in public, for example, at tea houses.
As part of culture, tea has a relationship with history, health, education, communication and so on. It is commonly used at social activities. For example, afternoon tea is a British custom. Families or friends can communicate with each other while having afternoon tea.
Tea has remained a way of daily life in China and drinking tea has a lot of advantages. It makes people less tired, clears heat in the human body and helps people lose weight.
Chinese people are good at using tea to make other things delicious. Tea, originally served as a medicine in ancient times, is now not just a kind of drink, but also excellent seasoning (调味品). Here are two delicious dishes made with tea:
Tea Eggs: You can find them cooked and sold in street markets in almost every city in China. Dragon Well Tea Shrimp (龙井虾仁). It’s one of the most well-known dishes in Hangzhou. Before you drink tea please check the following tips:
◆Drink tea hot.
◆The best time to drink is in between meals. It is bad for your stomach if you drink tea just before meals, during meals or soon after meals.
◆Do not drink too much strong tea.
1. Which of the following is similar to the underlined phrase “classified into”?A.carry out | B.sort out | C.turn into | D.burst into |
A.weekend activity | B.hobby | C.way of communication | D.game |
A.a drink | B.a dish | C.seasoning | D.a medicine |
A.ways of making tea | B.places to drink tea |
C.tools for drinking tea | D.advantages of drinking tea |
2 . Warm weather gets thousands of people to gather outdoors and celebrate for various events. Here are a few fun festivals that you should travel to see this summer.
Naadam(Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
Naadam, also known as “the three games of men”, is the biggest traditional festival held in Ulaanbaatar, the Mongolian capital. Each July, men compete in Mongolian wrestling, horse racing and archery (射箭). Today, women also take part in the archery and girls in the horse racing.
Elvis Week(Memphis)
If moving your body to Blue Suede Shoes this summer sounds good to you, then head to Memphis for Elvis Week, usually held in August. Movies, special performances and the Ultimate Elvis Tribute Artist Contest are just a few activities to keep fans busy. The week of events is held to mark the anniversary (周年纪念日) of the death of Elvis Presley, the “King of Rock and Roll”.
Glastonbury Festival(Somerset, England)
Around 175, 000 people gather on a dairy farm in Somerset, England every year for the Glastonbury Festival. Famous bands and singers appear at the5-day music celebration. The ticket for the festival was £1 when the festival started in 1970, but today, full-weekend general tickets go for about£ 248.
World Bodypainting Festival(Klagenfurt, Austria)
During the annual World Bodypainting Festival in Austria, artists from as many as50 countries compete using a variety of techniques, including brushes, sponges and airbrushes. Alex Barendregt organized the first festival in 1998, when he was tasked with organizing a new summer event.
1. Where can we watch exciting competitions when attending the festival?A.Memphis | B.Austria. | C.Mongolia. | D.England. |
A.Elvis Week. | B.Naadam. |
C.Glastonbury Festival. | D.World Bodypainting Festival. |
A.Its setting is the downtown area. | B.It attracts dancers to perform there. |
C.It is held to celebrate the farm’s harvest. | D.Its ticket price has greatly increased. |
3 . Primary and secondary school learners, university students, and guests were invited on Wednesday and were treated to a colorful celebration at the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi, to mark the beginning of the year of the dragon which officially starts on Saturday. The place featured beautiful decorations with red and gold colors and lucky symbols.
Visitors got an opportunity to participate in cultural experiences including painting, papercutting and pot throwing as well as experiencing Chinese cuisines like spicy hotpot, steamed stuffed buns (包子) , Chinese hamburgers, dumplings and barbecue among others. They were also treated to heartwarming performances including face-changing, lion dance, dragon dance, drumming, Chinese opera, Chinese songs and a talent show featuring Chinese traditional clothes as well as a mixture of Chinese and Kenyan fashion.
Leah Muthoni, a student at the University of Nairobi lauded the Chinese cuisines served at the event, especially noodles and dumplings. She also appreciated the decorations, drawings, pictures and performances. Similar feelings were also shared by George Mwita, another student from the University of Nairobi who greatly enjoyed the pot throwing game.
In his welcoming speech, Professor Stephen Kiama, the vice headmaster of the University of Nairobi who doubles up as the Kenya director of the Confucius Institute, hoped this year will be a good year of development because the Chinese dragon horns represent power and strength, while the drums represent courage and energy.
Kiama said the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi has achieved a lot since its establishment in 2005, including winning the Confucius Institute of the Year Award seven times and pioneering the establishment of the Bachelor of Arts in the Chinese language in Kenya. “Last year, with the joint efforts of the various parties and stakeholders we established the first bachelor of education in Chinese in Kenya and we admitted the first group of students,” he said. Kiama hopes that this year the Confucius Institute will gain more force with the blessing of power, courage and vitality from the year of the Chinese dragon. He said the Confucius Institute offers a good platform for cultural exchange between China and Kenya through events like the Chinese Lunar Year celebrations. Kiama hoped that the relationship between China and Kenya would further be strengthened by the blessings of the year of the dragon.
In Chinese methodology (方法论) , the dragon has the power to control seasons, time and harvests, and it’s seen as a symbol of wealth. The Chinese consider dragons to be powerful. sympathetic, wise, kind and warm.
1. What is spoken of as one of the cultural experiences the visitors participated in?A.Tasting Chinese cuisines. | B.Writing with brushes. |
C.Reciting Chinese poems. | D.Guessing lantern riddles. |
A.Mixed. | B.Praised. | C.Delivered. | D.Sold. |
A.It has the biggest number of students in Africa. |
B.George Mwita is one of the Chinese teachers there. |
C.It has won the Confucius Institute of the Year Award seven times. |
D.They set up the first bachelor of education in Chinese in Kenya in 2005. |
A.Kiama considers dragons to be powerful and sympathetic |
B.Confucius Institute offers good platform for cultural exchange |
C.Kiama wishes year of dragon good for development of Confucius Institute |
D.Confucius Institute at University of Nairobi marks year of dragon celebrations |
4 . In 1240, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II built Castel del Monte on a lonely hill in central Puglia, where he had a perfect view of approaching enemies. He probably never imagined the enemies might be tourists one day. But these days, the old castle has been polished clean, and hundreds of multicolored Pullman buses snake up the winding roads to its grounds, now filled with T-shirt stands, Coca-Cola signs and a 200-car parking lot. All this thanks to the fact that UNESCO has designated (认定) it a World Heritage Site in 1996.
Officially, UNESCO honors places that exemplify an area’s ancestry, with the purpose of ensuring they are preserved. Unofficially, this designation is a kind of fairy dust that often turns little-known cultural sites into overnight tourist sensations. This is both a gift and a cuss. Lisa Mastny, senior adviser to the World Watch Institute, says tourism is double-edged for places considered of “outstanding value to humanity. It offers many poor communities the chance to obtain financial rewards, but also threatens the very resources —human and natural—upon which the industry is ultimately built”.
There is growing awareness that assigning UNESCO designation is worthless — or worse, harmful — without some kind of follow-up preservation program. “In the early days there wasn’t much attention given to what would happen once these site s became World Heritage. But that’s changing slowly,” says Joseph King, director of the sites unit at the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). In Africa, a 12-year training program is currently underway to teach locals not only how to preserve their immovable cultural heritage, but how to use it for economic development. In Eastern Europe, where tourism is a relatively new thing, cities are looking for help in figuring out where to draw the line between preserving historical centers and promoting urban development.
1. What can we learn about Castel del Monte?A.It was built to enjoy the view. | B.It has become a hot tourist spot. |
C.It has to make way for a shopping mall. | D.It failed to win UNESCO designation in 1996. |
A.Solution. | B.Promise. | C.Drawback. | D.Chance. |
A.By quoting experts. | B.By analyzing cause and effect. |
C.By giving examples. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.Is UNESCO Helpful in Driving Global Tourism? |
B.How Can a Place Be Included in the UNESCO List? |
C.Why Is It Important to Market World Heritage Site Tours? |
D.Does Identifying World Heritage Sites Do More Harm Than Good? |
5 . There are festivals going on somewhere in the world every day of the year. These range from very large events to local celebrations in tiny villages. We have selected a few of the more unusual, colourful festivals from around the world.
Mighty Mud (泥; 泥浆) Mania: Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
Children’s dreams really do come true in the City of Scottsdale. Children aged 1 to 13, get to join in the mud race Mighty Mudway features water and mud games. There are also water slides, sandcastle buildings and fun for all ages. Moms and dads, remember to send your kids out with old clothes and shoes.
Songkran Festival, Thailand
What better way to celebrate the “start of the return of rains” than with a country-wide water fight? Thais celebrate their festival officially from April 13th until April 15th. These three days represent the last day of the old year, the day of transition, and the first day of the New Year. Water battles fought out for days in the streets of every town and city over the country.
The La Tomatina Festival, Spain
On the last Wednesday of every August thousands of Spaniards take part in the La Tomatina Festival in Bunol. Truckloads of tomatoes are pulled in each year and dumped in the city centre. The people throw tomatoes at each other for the whole day, but the only rule is that the tomato must be flattened in the hand first, before being thrown. Even elderly grandmothers have been known to take part.
Canberra Sled Dog Classic: Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Dog sledding is one of the fastest growing sports on the east coast of Australia. As there’s no snow (the trail is earth and sand and is smooth and wide with a few hills and turns) , the sleds have wheels instead of runners, but the excitement is the same.
1. Which festival is most suitable for 10-year-old Jack and his younger brother?A.Mighty Mud Mania | B.Songkran Festival |
C.The La Tomatina Festival | D.Canberra Sled Dog Classic |
A.With a dog sledding race. | B.Through a country-wide water fight. |
C.By having a nationwide tomato fight. | D.By building sandcastles in a muddy environment. |
A.They are all for adults. | B.They happen in the same season. |
C.They all have joyful atmosphere. | D.They all happen in the same country. |
6 . Australia Day, on 26 January, is in memory of the day in 1788 when Captain Arthur Phillip, commander of the First Fleet of 11 British ships, arrived at Sydney Cove to mark the birth of the colony (殖民). Every year, many in this nation of 24 million people gather on beaches and around barbeques to celebrate. From boats competitions, camel races, to outdoor concerts, Australians mark a public holiday more popularly treated as a late summer festival than the serious national day its founders intended it to be — a unifying celebration of the good fortune of being Australian and the values that unite the nation: freedom, independence, a fair go, mateship.
However, not all Australians feel the same about the day. Recently there has been much controversy over the correctness of celebrating on this date. Native Australians, in particular, have long referred to this date as "Invasion (入侵) Day" or "National Day of Mourning (哀悼)" in protest of the arrival of the British peoples. They mourn their ancestors who suffered and died during colonization. There has even been a growing push to change the date of the national celebration, a move popular with younger Australians but less so with older generations.
In response to the protests, the Australian government has recognized the traditional owners of the lands on which Australia Day activities take place, in the hope that Australians from all backgrounds come together to celebrate Australia as a multicultural society. "Our desire is that Australia Day is a time for inclusion, as well as an opportunity for greater understanding," one officer from The Australian Department of Communications and the Arts said.
1. What is the original purpose of Australia Day?A.To observe a late summer festival. |
B.To honor the arrival of the British. |
C.To celebrate national identity and values. |
D.To mourn the natives who suffered during colonization. |
A.Debate. | B.Defence. | C.Faith. | D.Puzzle. |
A.They mourned the suffering of native Australians. |
B.They recognized native Australians’ independence. |
C.They protested against native Australians’ ownership of the land. |
D.They brought loss of life and hardship among native Australians. |
A.More Australia Day activities will be organized. |
B.The date of Australia Day will soon be changed. |
C.The protests of changing the date have already been settled. |
D.Australia Day should be celebrated with understanding and respect. |
7 . There are plenty of opportunities to study and work abroad. But some early-career scientists might face challenges adapting to different communication styles and different workplaces. However, supervisors(主管) and junior researchers can reduce the risk of misunderstandings by actively learning about each other’s cultures and expressing workplace expectations clearly.
It is important to be sensitive (灵敏的) to cultural differences and to avoid misunderstandings. Nanda Dimitrov, director of Western University’s Teaching Support Centre in London, says that she personally experienced directness more often in the United Kingdom than in the United States. She points out that the relationship between junior researcher and supervisor is influenced by many factors including personality, former experiences and the department’s culture.
Keshun Zhang faced this issue after moving from China to the University of Konstanz in Germany to get his PhD in psychology. He was used to following teachers’ suggestions. But the culture in Germany always encourages you to argue, to fight for yourself. With his supervisor’s encouragement, he started pushing back. After his first year, his supervisor said, “Wow, finally you have learnt to say no.” Zhang also realized that he was expected to work independently(独立地). His supervisor urged him to try to solve problems on his own and to ask for guidance only if he became stuck.
“People sometimes brush off a student from another country as ‘rude’, but in their culture, they’re not,” says Amratia, who was a Kenya student at the University of Florida in Gainesville. “Researchers should also remember that their nation’s customs aren’t necessarily best. When you come from a different country, you don’t assume everybody should be doing things your way. I never cared if somebody was different from me as long as it didn’t seriously affect the rest of the lab,” Amratia said.
1. How do people going abroad avoid misunderstanding according to Paragraph 1?A.By facing challenges bravely. |
B.By introducing their own ideas. |
C.By creating more communication chances. |
D.By learning different cultures and expressing job expectations. |
A.Don’t be too sensitive to different cultures. | B.People should experience different cultures. |
C.British are more direct than Americans do. | D.The relation among junior researchers is simple. |
A.Trying to support one’s own opinions. | B.Accepting advice of elders. |
C.Pushing back supervisor’s encouragement. | D.Turning to others for help often. |
A.Working independently and hard. | B.Respecting others’ different cultures. |
C.Encouraging yourself to fight for yourself. | D.Talking with people with the same culture. |
8 . Thanksgiving is a time of year when we get together with our families and celebrate peace over a giant feast including roast turkey and pumpkin pie.
There are many reasons why the pumpkin pie is made for Thanksgiving, one of which is related to the season. In the USA, Thanksgiving sits at the beginning of the fall season, and this is celebrated over a feast made up of seasonal food. Pumpkins are harvested in North America and Canada during the fall; therefore, being a seasonal crop, it is in richness at this time.
In 1621 some of the earliest American settlers came across pumpkins for the first time and were new to eating it. Early recipes (食谱) describe ways of cooking pumpkins, which would have included hollowing out (挖空) a pumpkin and filling it with milk and honey. They would have then roasted this on a fire. It became a tradition for the Native Americans to bring the pumpkins to the settlers as gifts, and they showed them how to cook and prepare pumpkins.
Pumpkin pie recipes began to appear in English-written American cookbooks in 1670. Some recipes included adding apples for added flavor (味道). Most recipes have continued to follow the basis of using pumpkin, milk, eggs, sugar, salt, butter, and so on.
The biggest pumpkin pie in the world was made on September 25, 2010, at the New Bremen Pumpkin Fest in Ohio. To make this large pie, 2,796 eggs, 525 pounds of sugar, and 1,212 pounds of canned pumpkin were used. After baking, the total weight of the pie was 3,699 pounds.
The pumpkin pie was a creation made with the help and guidance of Native Americans and is an important part of celebrating Thanksgiving.
1. Why are pumpkins used to celebrate Thanksgiving according to Paragraph 2?A.Pumpkins are in season in autumn. |
B.People relate pumpkins to being rich. |
C.People in North America love eating pumpkins. |
D.Pumpkins stand for people’s wish for a happy life. |
A.The celebrations on Thanksgiving. | B.The history of early American settlers. |
C.The early recipes for making pumpkin pie. | D.The origin of cooking pumpkin on Thanksgiving. |
A.To show the pumpkin pie was extremely big. |
B.To describe the good taste of the pumpkin pie. |
C.To stress the difficulty in gathering pumpkins. |
D.To explain the process of making the pumpkin pie. |
A.Growing Crops for Thanksgiving | B.Eating Pumpkin Pie at Thanksgiving |
C.The Biggest Pumpkin Pie in the World | D.Traditions of Celebrating Thanksgiving |
9 . No matter where you go around the globe, everybody loves to celebrate. And when it comes to celebration, festivals offer something for everyone.
Burning Man
Burning Man started in 1986. When Larry Harvey made an 8-foot tall wooden figure and lit it on fire, one of the world’s craziest parties was born.
Rio Carnival
Harbin International Ice & Snow Festival
Located in Northeast China, Harbin receives some seriously cold winter winds. This kind of weather makes it home to the largest ice statues in the world.
Dia de Los Muertos
Known in English as the Day of the Dead, the holiday begins on October 31.
A.In a word, this is an Asian celebration. |
B.There are different themes for the celebration. |
C.It takes place on the last Sunday in August. |
D.Rio Carnival takes place in February or March. |
E.It is all about getting together to remember friends and family who have died. |
F.Many celebration activities take over the entire city. |
G.Here’s a list for some amazing festivals in the world. |
10 . Pu’er is the home of the world-known tea of the same name. Since other tea-growing centers in Pu’er may have a larger output, more famous brands and heritage surrounding the history of the Tea-horse Ancient Road, Jingmai, also in Pu’er, nay not be people’s first choice to look for the best Pu’er Tea.
However, being cut off from the outside by rivers, this mountainous area has become a perfect place for an ancient planting technique, growing too trees under forest, known as the “under-story” method, which filters (过滤) sunshine while ensuring water.
Nan Kang, former head of Mangjing village, said, “Compared to modern plantations, we’ll surely produce less tea in the ancient forest. But we have to respect our tradition and belief. Birds eat insects to protect the tea and the fallen leaves from trees provide fertilizer. Everything improves the other, but also limits each other. It is the way of nature.”
Nan is an old-time Blang leader’s grandson. Following an old leader named Pa Aileng, his ancestors came to settle near the Jingmai Mountain centuries ago. It is believed that Pa Aileng found that tea leaves made his people recover from diseases they suffered from during their moving to other places, so the hero is also considered as a “tea ancestor”. Blang people chose a mountain to remember him. They call it Peak Aileng.
“We Blang people believe tea has its own spirit,” Nan says, “The first planted tea tree in every field is called the Tea Spirit Tree. That means the field has an owner. And the symbol also makes everyone follow moral codes and protect the plants.”
Now, this mountain of tea, also a storehouse of the time-tested traditions of local ethnic groups, attracts global attention. The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er was named as a World Heritage Site, becoming China’s 57th entry on the list.
1. What is Jingmai famous for in planting Pu’er Tea?A.A larger production. | B.The advanced technology. |
C.Its transport system. | D.Its unique planting method. |
A.It is widely used in China. | B.It was invented by Nan Kang. |
C.It follows the laws of nature. | D.It makes sure to produce more tea. |
A.Medical treatment. | B.Gifts for friends. |
C.Main food. | D.A kind of nice drink. |
A.The Export of Pu’er Tea | B.A Tea Planting Tradition to Treasure |
C.The Modern Plantations of Pu’er Tea | D.The Tea-drinking Habit of Blang People |