1 . In New York City, eating on the subway is controversial. No law bans the practice, but a Democratic state senator introduced one last week. The proposed law would ban eating on the subway system and fine first time violators $250, according to the New York Times. Supporters of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rates. Other say the broader target should be those who carelessly drop litter in public places, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eat their bread on the way to work. They also argue that “street food” is an important part of New York’s culture and history. Banning its consumption in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.
Street food and eating in public places is along-established cultural practice in cities like New York, Beijing and Paris. But commonly, it has been traditionally thought of as what the lower classes would do. Eating in public was (and in some places, still is) associated with uncivilized, poorer people. In the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam’s (a popular magazine at the time) stated, “Eating in public may lead to a certain freedom of manner in little ladies and gentlemen. It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to encourage. A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral panic about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish German, Italian and Jewish immigrants who ran food carts in the 1800s. “To Victorian society, immigrant street peddlers were called ‘hucksters’, a name that still has a bit of moral judgment to this day.”
In Australia, street food is not something you see every day. Carts selling tasty snacks only come out for festivals or market days. However, eating in public places such as parks is encouraged. Outdoor barbeques at the beach or picnics in the countryside are common. While eating on public transport is discourages, it would unlikely lead to any sort of conflict in Australia. From an Australian perspective, street food is an exciting and tasty new dining opportunity, and not one I would associate with being uncivilized.
China’s street food scene is similar to that of New York City’s: It is a culturally entrenched practice and one that adds a lot of color and flavor to the scene of streets. But whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it’s best to be considerate when enjoying a bite in public.
1. Supporters of “street food” are against the bill, because ________.A.eating on the subway may attract undesirable pests like mice |
B.consuming food on the way to work proves their carefulness |
C.banning litter-dropping is more important for the environment |
D.enjoying a bite in public areas is a part of the city’s culture |
A.Only the uncivilized, poorer people were allowed to eat in public places. |
B.Street food was seen as a threat in the 19th century because they were not heathy. |
C.Eating in public was considered impolite for children in the Victorian era. |
D.Immigrant street peddlers were encouraged and thus welcomed in the 1800s. |
A.Eating in public like parks may be seen as ill-mannered. |
B.Having food on the subway system may cause serious conflicts. |
C.People may feel excited about being allowed to eat in public. |
D.Tasting street food may bring much enjoyment whenever possible. |
A.deep-rooted | B.eye-catching | C.well-known | D.far-reaching |
2 . [1] It has been said that the English and the Americans are two great people separated by one language. Among these differences, how space is treated always goes unnoticed.
[2] The middle-class American growing up in the United States feels he has a right to have his own room, or at least part of a room. American women who want to be alone can go to the bedroom and close the door. The closed door is the sign meaning “Do not disturb” or “ I’ m angry.” An American is available if his door is open at home or at his office. He is expected not to shut himself off but to maintain himself in a state of constant readiness to answer the demands of others.
[3] …?
[4] The contrasting English and American patterns have some remarkable implications, particularly if we assume that man, like other animals, has a built-in need to shut himself off from others from time to time. An English student told me what happened when hidden patterns conflicted. He was quite obviously experiencing strain(压力) in his relationships with Americans. Nothing seemed to go right and it was quite clear from his remarks that we did not know how to behave. An analysis of his complaints showed that a major source of irritation(恼怒) was that no American seemed to be able to pick up the subtle clues that there were times when he didn’t want his thoughts interrupted. As he stated it, “I’m walking around the apartment and it seems that whenever I want to be alone my roommate starts talking to me. Pretty soon he’s asking “What’s the matter?” and wants to know if I’m angry. By then I am angry and say something.”
[5] Now the picture seems quite clear. When the American wants to be alone he goes into a room and shuts the door--- he depends on spatial features for screening. For an American to refuse to talk to someone else present in the same room, to give them the “silent treatment,” is the eventual form of rejection and a sure sign of great displeasure. The English, on the other hand, lacking rooms of their own since childhood, never developed the practice of using space as a refuge from others. They have in fact internalized(内化) a set of barriers, which they erect and which others are supposed to recognize. Therefore, the more the Englishman shuts himself off when he is with an American, the more likely the American is to break in to assure himself that all is well. Tension lasts until the two get to know each other. The important point is that the spatial and spatial needs of each are not the same at all.
1. What will the paragraph 3 (which is omitted in the paper) more probably talk about?A.The conditions of the English with regard to their understanding of space. |
B.The response of the Americans to some unexpected demands of others. |
C.The reaction of working class and upper class Americans to space. |
D.The illustration of the living environment of upper-and middle-class Englishman. |
A.prove humans are born with the need to keep themselves to themselves sometimes |
B.demonstrate the contrasting features of the American and British problems in conflict |
C.analyze why the British tend to be left alone without his thoughts being interrupted |
D.stress the importance of reading delicate clues in communication with foreigners |
A.The Americans’ failure to recognize the English’s need for space may cause the conflict. |
B.The English prefer to tell those around not to disturb them when they are in low spirits. |
C.The Americans are more willing to socialize with others in the workplace than the English. |
D.The Americans will not refuse to talk to others unless they are in intense annoyance. |
A.The difference between the English and the Americans in space lies in their use of English. |
B.The English and the Americans have been adapted quite differently with regard to space. |
C.The Americans have different concepts of space because they tend to enjoy more space. |
D.The English prefer to pour their inner thoughts to others when they are in great trouble. |
“Melting pot” means a place where people from many different ethnic groups or cultures form a united society. The idea comes from
A Frenchman who was living in America expressed the idea more than 200 years ago. J. Hector de Crevecoeur
For many years, Americans generally accept the idea
New groups of immigrants from Asia and Latin America are changing the United States today. Some are resisting learning American culture and language. Reports say some Americans fear that the nation is separating into many groups that have no
Some experts who study immigration say they now compare American society
4 . Learning how to cope with death has always been a central part of human existence. Even the Pixar movie Coco bases its story on the Mexican traditions of Dia de los Muertos. In this article, you will find out why and how Mexicans celebrate the Day of the Dead.
I once visited the Museum of Mummies in the Mexican city of Guanajuato with a Swedish friend. The mummies were displayed among fake cobwebs ( 蜘 蛛 网 ), and other cheap adornments (装饰物). Confronted with this seeming lack of respect for the dead, I explained to my shocked companion that Mexicans have a peculiarly different relationship with death to other cultures. As the Nobel Prize-winning Mexican writer Octavio Paz explained in his work:
“The Mexican ... is familiar with death, jokes about it, caresses it, sleeps with it, and celebrates it. True, there is as much fear in his attitude as in that of others, but at least death is not hidden away: he looks at it face to face, with impatience, disdain (鄙视) or irony.”
The celebration of the Day of the Dead — a week of festivities from 28 October to 2 November — is an essential part of this embracement of death that is particular to Mexican national identity. The popular belief is that the dead have divine permission to visit friends and relatives on earth and enjoy once again the pleasures of life. Therefore, Mexicans visit the graves of families and friends and adorn them with colorful flowers and offerings of food. The period is a joyous celebration of life, rather than a sober mourning of its passing.
The origins of the festival lie in the 16th-century fusion of the Aztecs’ belief in death as merely one part in the wider cycle of existence, their ritual venerations (仪式崇拜) and offerings to the goddess Mictecacihuatl (“Lady of the Dead”) for the deceased, and the Spanish conquerors’ desire to accommodate these festivities within the Catholic celebrations of All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day.
In a country as socially and geographically diverse as Mexico, there is significant regional variation in the nature of festivities: the southern state of Chiapas is far more likely to focus its efforts on processions ( 队 伍 ) and public commemorations( 纪 念 ) of death than the valley of
Mexico, where the decoration of altars ( 供 坛 ) in homes and tombs of the deceased is more popular. Urbanization, too, plays a large role in regional variations. For the south and rural areas the period holds far greater social and cultural significance than in the north and large cities; families and communities in rural areas will often spend large parts of the year preparing for the occasion.
1. Why does the author say “Mexicans have a peculiarly different relationship with death to other cultures?”A.Because Mexicans always show their respect for death in the form of mummies. |
B.Because Mexicans do not fear death or respect it. |
C.Because adornments like flowers can be seen everywhere during the Day of the Dead. |
D.Mexicans face death bravely rather than hide it away. |
A.It was the Aztecs who determined how to celebrate the Day of the Dead. |
B.The Aztecs believed death was part of the wider cycle of existence. |
C.The Aztecs would give offerings to the goddess of death for their lost loved ones. |
D.The Spanish conquerors wanted to fit the festivities into some of their Catholic celebrations. |
A.Because they can ask God to permit the dead to visit them in this way. |
B.To celebrate the joy of new life in spring. |
C.Because the dead will be permitted to visit their families and enjoy the pleasure of life again. |
D.Because this is an essential part of embracement of death. |
A.People in the south and rural areas put more emphasis on the occasion. |
B.People in the valleys usually decorate the alters in homes and the tombs of the dead. |
C.People in the north and big cities spend large part of the year preparing for the celebration. |
D.The southern states do not care about the decoration of alters at home. |
I used to hate waiting in line, thinking of it as a big waste of time and a test on my patience, but
Probably because the country is not very big, with limited resources,
Gradually I came to realize that
But don’t think Israeli people are cruel. If you have to leave for a short time,
Their culture
Compared
We can always bear voices comparing the education systems in China and the US. It’s true that there exist a lot of differences, but this cannot be an excuse
When I came back from the US last year and
My mum had a long talk with me. After that, I realized that
Meanwhile,
Sometimes we just simply listen to other’s words without thinking about
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/6/16/2485913418694656/2487207827357696/STEM/1729438df2c648058906dcc7733e6e12.png?resizew=512)
The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the
假设你是明启中学的李华,你在美国的朋友 Chris 写信询问你和你的伙伴们是怎样度过今年特殊的春节的,请给Chris 写一封电子邮件,邮件必须包含以下内容
1.今年的春节和往年不同的地方
2.你和你的伙伴们选择的度过方式和活动
3.你的感受
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Amid the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, almost everyone in China wears a face mask to protect themselves and other people
According to the Global Times, different attitudes toward
Siva Kumar from the US is one of them. “Masks can only protect you from particulate matter in the air you breathe, but they can't filter (过滤) out microbes (微生物), "Kumar told China Daily. “wearing a mask when you're healthy
US infection prevention specialist Eli Perencevich told Forbes, "The average healthy person
However, for people in Asian countries like China, wearing a mask is engrained (根深蒂固的) in their culture.
Chen Xinjie, a media worker in Beijing said: "Wearing the mask for a long time is stuffy(闷热的) and uncomfortable…But as a member of the group, it's our duty to do so."
10 . If you hear the word“Castle” or the word“palace”,you may picture the same kind of building for both:large,made of stones,probably with a tower. And,of course,you're not entirely wrong,as those are features of both palaces and castles.
So then hay bother to visit one royal building in the United Kingdom Buckingham Palace and another the same country Windsor Castle?It turns out there is a difference,and you
can find it pretty plainly in these two popular buildings.
The Case for Castles
Castles were residences for royalty.But they were also intend as defensive seats. Say you're a king who has taken a particular area over.Now you have to hold it. castle and staff it with soldiers to defend your conquered territory and ensure it remains part of your kingdom.
Castles were built throughout Europe and the Middle East primarily for protection of the king and his people.Some common features of castles include:
●thick walls and heavy gates to keep invaders out
●protective low walls for archers to shoot with cover
●high towers for keeping a lookout over the surrounding
●gate houses for admitting allies instead of allowing enemies into the castle
The Place for Palaces
Palaces, on the contrary, had no defensive purposes.They were first meant for showing off the great victory of the war.Palaces were where the spoils(战利品) of war might be displayed,along with grand architecture,massive banquet halls,golden table settings and maybe even hundreds of luxuriously decorated rooms.
While kings certainly took up residence in palaces as well as castles,nonmilitary royals might also have lived in (or still live in)palaces. Ministers could live in castles to show the power of their riches rather than their nonexistent military power. The term comes from Palatine Hill in Rome.
1. Which of the flowing is one feature of castles?A.Low towers surrounding castles. |
B.Defensive low walls for shooting. |
C.Gatehouses allowing enemies into the castle. |
D.Thick walls and heavy gates to lock invaders in. |
A.To accommodate ordinary soldiers. |
B.To defend the king's conquered territory. |
C.To show off the art of royal painting, |
D.To display huge success of the war. |
A.To list the reasons for kings living in palaces. |
B.To make a comparison between castles and palaces. |
C.To talk about The value of castles in modern times. |
D.To show palaces are more popular than castles. |