1 . What is culture shock? It is a phenomenon that all types of outside experience, no matter if people work abroad for the first time or they are new in the field of foreign assignments. Often, it is the deeper cultural differences in mindset, customs and interpersonal interaction that lead to this phenomenon(现象)and turn cultural transition into a struggle.
◇An Emotional Roller-coaster(过山车)
Whereas every expatriate(侨民, 旅居国外者)will experience some form of culture shock, not everyone goes through all the well—known stages. Culture shock is a sense of anxiety and nervousness caused by being exposed to a strange environment and culture. However, it’s an essential part of the transition process: A willingness to work through it is the first step towards integration(融合).
Those who refuse to face it often fail to overcome it. This may result in great disillusionment. For some, the only logical solution is then going back home before the end of their assignment. Such expatriate failures occur particularly often in cases where the cultures of home and host country differ greatly.
The first step towards fighting this unavoidable phenomenon is to ask yourself “What is culture shock?” and try to understand it. Most experts describe it as a roller-coaster riding process where they experience waves of positive and negative feelings.
◇Minimizing the Effects
Culture shock is not a myth, but a predictable phenomenon. Anybody who spends more than just a vacation abroad has to go through it. Those who receive the least support on a professional and personal basis are usually hit the hardest. Expatriate spouses(配偶)in particular often feel lonely and angry when they experience life in a new cultural environment. If expatriates learn about the culture and people in their host countries in advance, they will be less shocked by obvious differences in social customs, religion, language or food.
1. What does the underlined word “outside“ in Paragraph 1 probably mean?| A．outdoors | B．strange | C．overseas | D．special |
| A．cannot answer the question “What is culture shock” |
| B．faces culture shock fearlessly |
| C．is careful and stays away from culture shock |
| D．tries to ignore culture shock |
| A．Culture shock is everywhere and we can’t avoid it. |
| B．As long as you come from a foreign country, the degree of being hit by culture shock remains the same. |
| C．One thing we can do to get less hurt by culture shock is to learn ahead of time. |
| D．Family members such as husbands or wives of the expatriates usually get less culture shock. |
Culture Shock is a term used to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a
Shock Guide — Coping with Culture Shock
Most people who set foot on a foreign soil and live there have the ability to
Some Tips for Dealing with the Stress Produced by Culture Shock:
—Be aware of the symptoms (症状). Once you realize you are
—What are the situations which
*Are you misunderstanding the host people’s treatment of you? Where can you find more
When situations seem senseless, remember that the hosts may be following social rules unknown to you. Ask questions about
*If you are still bothered by a situation, find ways to minimize the irritation. Is the situation
—What do you
| A．commonly | B．completely | C．possibly | D．strangely |
| A．deal with | B．do with | C．cut off | D．get off |
| A．smart | B．serious | C．lonely | D．alone |
| A．where | B．whether | C．how | D．what |
| A．experiencing | B．lacking | C．expecting | D．avoiding |
| A．contact | B．combine | C．confuse | D．abandon |
| A．permission | B．explanation | C．information | D．translation |
| A．rude | B．polite | C．pleasant | D．serious |
| A．difficult | B．different | C．welcome | D．similar |
| A．international | B．family | C．social | D．local |
| A．necessary | B．reasonable | C．urgent | D．friendly |
| A．show | B．center | C．office | D．pool |
| A．miss | B．like | C．recall | D．need |
| A．remark | B．replace | C．research | D．review |
| A．coffee shop | B．post office | C．grocery store | D．fitness center |
3 . No matter how many times you go, Dubai always has something new in store for its natives and tourists. Let’s take a look at a few must-dos for your first time in this impressive city in the United Arab Emirates!
●Hit the famous Dubai Mall.
Any shopaholic (购物狂) worth their salt knows about the Dubai Mall, one of the most famous and the most expensive shopping centres in the world.
●Mind your manners.
While you’re searching for the next adventure, make sure you follow some basic rules of conduct that the local law prescribes. For example, if you’re travelling with your significant other, public displays of affection are strictly forbidden.
●
Although you’ll find many tourists wearing clothes considered not entirely polite by the locals, there are certain rules that are strictly implemented in restaurants, malls, and entertainment centres. So, if you put on something considered inappropriate or revealing, you risk being asked to leave a place.
●Save some time for Jumeirah Beach.
Situated conveniently close to Burj al Arab, this spectacular stretch of the coast is a perfect way to spend some time sunbathing and enjoying the warm waters of the Persian Gulf.
●Prepare your palate for Emirati cuisine.
Have you ever had a chance to sample Al Machboos, camel meat, or Manousheh? Arabic cuisine has some of the most extraordinary delicacies you could possibly imagine, few of which are prepared in the same manner outside of their native lands.
| A．Jumeirah Beach is about 10 kilometres long. |
| B．Pay attention to your dressing requirements. |
| C．If you’re travelling with kids, you’ll find the beach perfect. |
| D．Try the authentic Arabic coffee for a flavourful taste of the East. |
| E．Dubai is indeed a destination packed with adventure and culture. |
| F．Getting drunk or using offensive hand gestures are all illegal activities. |
| G．Home to around 1,300 stores, it is a wonderful shopping place. |
4 . As you get older, you’ll meet a wider range of people from diverse cultures. If you haven’t met many people from different backgrounds, it can be hard to know how to respect their culture.
Know your own culture
One of the best ways to understand other people’s cultures is to first consider your own. Most of us don’t realize that our customs and beliefs might seem strange to someone else. Don’t think of your own way of life as the only normal one and everyone else’s to be strange.
Learn about a different culture
Maybe you’ve recently met someone from a different culture, or you’re curious about how different people live. When you meet people from a different culture, ask them about their lives. Also, you can read books, watch movies or listen to radio shows.
Differences between us are what make life so interesting, so just accept the differences between yourself and your friends from different cultures. The best way to respect people from other cultures is to strike a balance between curiosity and appreciation:
| A．Respect other cultures. |
| B．Appreciate the differences. |
| C．Ask questions if your friends are open to it. |
| D．In this way, you may find it hard to know your own culture. |
| E．Otherwise, it’s hard to approach those differences with respect. |
| F．Here are some tips for learning more about them and about yourself. |
| G．These will help you get an insider’s view on a different culture. |
5 . The foods people eat, along with the customs they observe in preparing and having their meals, say a great deal about their culture. In some cultures, such as that of Papua New Guinea, roast pork is specially saved only for feasts; in others it is forbidden food. Because Swedish people put great value on natural, organic foods, over 90% of mothers in Sweden breast-feed their infants—a rate much higher than that in the United States.
In India, people generally dine while sitting on the floor. Instead of with forks or chopsticks, they eat with the fingers of the right hand. While Indians have accepted some aspects of US-style fast-food culture, they go to McDonald’s for McCurry and McVeggie sandwiche—not for hamburgers, a food that is prohibited by the Hindu religion.
In some countries, such as France, fine cuisine(美食) is a cultural practice. The French prefer fresh local produce lovingly prepared, consumed slowly along with good conversation and a bottle of wine. To the French and to gourmets who love food around the world, great chefs are celebrities.
Given their respect for food, the French would be most unlikely to participate in a contest designed to see who can wolf down the most hot dogs. In the United States and Japan, these public events are quite popular. But though the Japanese admire American culture, they stop short of copying the American habit of eating fast food on the street while rushing from one place to another. The Japanese will purchase food from a street vendor, but they will not walk around while eating it, because doing so would show disrespect for the preparer.
1. What is the purpose of giving examples of differences between places in paragraph 1?| A．To illustrate that cultures have nothing in common when it comes to food. |
| B．To express the idea that what and how we eat have important cultural meanings. |
| C．To prove that different countries have different diets and eating habits. |
| D．To raise the awareness of following local customs in a different culture. |
| A．respect for food | B．the local economy |
| C．religious beliefs | D．respect for the preparer |
| A．hold back from | B．hold up | C．hold on to | D．hold out |
6 . A fun way to learn about the people in the destinations you travel to around the globe is to drop into a friendly local bar off the beaten tourist track and enjoy a sip of something the region is famous for. To help you have fun, we’ve rounded up how to say “Cheers!” around the world.
Who doesn’t dream of living the good life in France? The food alone is well worth the trip since the French basically invented fine cuisine. They also invented a little golden liquid called the Champagne! Just before your first sip, look at your friends in the eyes and simply say their “cheers”: avotresante!
Is it just us, or is the Italian treat called prosecco sweeping the nation by storm? It’s lovely anytime: brunch, to celebrate something, or just to slowly sip while catching up with a dear friend. It originated in Italy’s Veneto region but is now available all over the world. When in Italy, the most common toast is “salute” or “cincin” (pronounced ChinChin), which has its origins in China. However, do not use this as a toast in Japan. It is what could get you kicked out of a bar or possibly the entire country. If you find yourself in the land of the rising sun, stick with “Kampai!” which means, “Cheers!”
If you haven’t been to Ireland — what are you waiting for? It’s the friendliest place, and one of the funniest on the planet, and the pubs are full of stories, where locals and visitors gather to lift a glass of Guinnessor. The Irish language can be a bit tricky for visitors to grasp but, again, practice makes perfect. Simply say, “SlainteItsw,” pronounced Slawn (to rhyme with pawn) cha (as in cha cha cha). Bottoms up!
1. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?| A．An Italian wine. | B．A toast from China. |
| C．A Japanese custom. | D．A french expression. |
| A．It is famous for food. |
| B．Its language is simple. |
| C．It makes perfect wines. |
| D．It is well worth visiting. |
| A．Ways of making friends in bars. |
| B．World famous wines that can’t be missed. |
| C．Suggestions on drinking regionally. |
| D．Some famous tourist destinations. |
7 . Culture shock is a complex topic, but I’m a simple man with simple perspective. So my experience of foreign culture boils down to (归结为) three basic stages: anger, acceptance and appreciation.
When I
My views were still heavily colored by preferences and I often accepted situations I felt
For example, fish is never
It is not the same with every westerner, and some take longer than others to go through the three stages. It all depends on how
| A．ended | B．began | C．continued | D．enjoyed |
| A．wrong | B．right | C．wise | D．smooth |
| A．find | B．use | C．accept | D．refuse |
| A．or | B．but | C．while | D．so |
| A．necessary | B．important | C．nervous | D．stupid |
| A．mentioning | B．saying | C．meaning | D．referring |
| A．therefore | B．however | C．besides | D．thus |
| A．locals | B．foreigners | C．researchers | D．citizens |
| A．bought | B．sold | C．served | D．separated |
| A．glancing | B．laughing | C．shouting | D．staring |
| A．fishes | B．vegetables | C．dishes | D．soups |
| A．adaptable | B．considerable | C．dependable | D．enjoyable |
| A．get | B．hold | C．catch | D．insist |
| A．since | B．as | C．before | D．when |
| A．anxious | B．welcomed | C．comfortable | D．miserable |
8 . Living in two different cultures has its benefits and challenges. Although I was born in America, my parents emigrated (移民) to the US from Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is an island off the coast of India. The customs, traditions, and culture are the same in India as it is in Sri Lanka. When my parents came to the US, they continued to perform their customs and hold onto their beliefs and traditions. This has influenced me in several ways.
I have learned to speak three languages, including English. I eat a variety of foods and celebrate different holidays that have to do with my religion and culture. It is very fun when I get to interact with people of my nationality and speak to them in a different language. It is also a benefit because I get to celebrate with all my family and have different foods and learn new things about my culture. Sharing my culture and information about my nationality to others is very important to me. I feel that people should have a good understanding of who I am and what my life is like. I always try to incorporate (吸收) both American and Indian traditions, customs and foods.
Even though this can be a major advantage, there are many setbacks to be part of two cultures. All of my family was born in Sri Lanka, so I’m not a person of several different nationalities, such as Greek, Italian, German, and others. My cousins, my siblings and I are the only ones born out of Sri Lanka. Speaking a language at home and speaking another language at school can make me get confused. This is because sometimes I have trouble expressing my thoughts in English.
I have felt stuck between the two cultures at times, but I try not to think of two cultures as a setback, but as an advantage of being able to participate in different celebrations and get on with my American and Indian friends.
1. What does the author find important?| A．To learn American customs. |
| B．To speak three different languages. |
| C．To follow his own customs. |
| D．To share his own culture. |
| A．Achievements. | B．Problems. |
| C．Benefits. | D．Performances. |
| A．Living between two cultures. |
| B．Ways to live in a foreign country. |
| C．The ability to learn foreign languages. |
| D．Efforts to hold on to original traditions. |
9 . Britain is divided into different areas. Britain is one of the most diverse nations in Europe with over 250 different languages being spoken in London alone. With such a various culture, adapting to it can be a challenge for anyone.
Forget the stereotypes (陈旧观念). Many of the long-formed stereotypes simply have nothing to do with Britain today. Don’t think that everyone enjoys drinking tea or beer. Abandoning some old ideas of people and culture will allow you to be more open-minded and easily get into the culture.
Get used to small spaces. Like all European nations, Britain does not have the luxury of space. Houses, apartments and cars are all smaller.
Accept the jokes.
| A．Be polite |
| B．Make friends with them |
| C．Don’t play jokes on others |
| D．Understand the differences |
| E．Following these steps should be of great help to you |
| F．Therefore, trying to become familiar with smaller areas is very necessary |
| G．One of the most confusing aspects of British culture is humour |
10 . Culture often refers to things like food, holidays, clothing, and music, but it also goes much deeper than that.
One of the best ways to understand others’ cultures is to first examine your own. Do you take your shoes off when you go inside?
However, sometimes, learning a lot about a different culture can lead you into a trap. You may think you know much about a culture, which may lead you to show off your knowledge when you meet someone from that background. But it’s a problem to assume that everyone from one particular culture has the same attitudes and experiences. Your assumptions that lead you to pre-judge against others can be harmful.
Differences between us are what make life so interesting. So accept the differences between yourself and your friends from different cultures.
| A．It is a simple thing, but it’s a huge marker of culture! |
| B．Learning is another great way to understand different cultures. |
| C．Behaviors, customs, beliefs, and values are also part of your culture. |
| D．To achieve it, do strike a balance between curiosity and appreciation. |
| E．So don’t do it to others even if you understand their culture really well. |
| F．The more you learn, the more used you get to respecting cultural differences. |
| G．Wherever you live, there are probably immigrant communities (侨民团体)with their own customs. |
