1 . Turf (草皮)has been used as a building material for thousands of years across Europe and the Arctic since the Neolithic period. In Iceland, these green-cloaked (绿色斗篷的)houses fit into the natural landscape, an architectural method that first appeared with the arrival of Norse and British settlers during the 9th through 11th centuries at the height of the Viking Age in Europe.
Across Europe, turf bricks were cut from local wetlands and often transported for use in higher places. The turf was then laid over a wood structure (结构物)to form walls and a thick roof from terrible northern climates. After the wetland plants died, dryland grasses grew over the roofs, providing further stability (稳定性). Turf walls were replaced as frequently as every 20 years, and in other regions, they could last up to 70 years.
Historic records suggest that up to 50 percent of Icelandic houses were partly made of turf until the late 19th century. As populations began to gather in cities like Reykjavik, wood buildings replaced stones and earth architecture. After fires burned up the city in 1915, concrete (水泥)became the material of choice. In 1918 Iceland gained independence from Denmark, bringing about a wave of nationalism that threatened the survival of turf houses. Traditional methods were considered as “rotten (腐朽的)Danish wood” from a troubled period, and there was a movement to clear them in favor of modern buildings—a move later criticized (批评)by many as destruction of cultural heritage.
A tourism rise in the latter half of the 20th century encouraged Iceland to reexamine the value of traditional architecture, and the Turf House Tradition of Iceland was called “UNESCO World Heritage status” in 2011. “The form and design of the turf house is an expression of the cultural values of the society and has adapted to the social and technological changes that took place through the centuries.”
1. Why did people use turf to build houses in the past?A.It matched nature perfectly. | B.It could be changed often. |
C.It was strong and accessible. | D.It was a request by settlers. |
A.The cold northern weather. | B.Turf bricks cut from wetlands. |
C.The structure made of wood. | D.Dryland grasses growing on roofs. |
A.Lots of people moved into Reykjavik. |
B.Traditional architecture was in favor. |
C.Turf houses were almost unable to exist |
D.Concrete became a new building material. |
A.Great changes have taken place in the turf of Iceland. |
B.Tourists poured into Iceland to appreciate its architecture. |
C.Traditional architecture owns certain cultural values in Iceland. |
D.The turf house plays an increasingly important role in the history of Iceland. |
2 . Europe is the perfect place for a holiday. Every corner of the continent is bursting with history, culture and sights. The countries are so very close to one another, and yet so completely different.
Sweden
Sweden is a brilliant destination for a campervan (露营车) holiday, with hundreds of well-appointed camping sites suitable for vehicles. Head north to Lapland in the Arctic Circle and you’ll find true wildernesses where you can truly get close to nature. Head here between June and mid-July and you’ll be able to take in the midnight sunshine. If you’re looking for great nightlife, head to Gothenburg, Stockholm or Malmo.
Germany
There are massive industrial cities, rolling plains, towering mountains, deep forests and long, sparkling rivers. It’s not just what’s to see that makes Germany so great, but the ease of seeing everything. All these wonderful locations are all linked by one of the world’s best road systems.
Scotland
Scotland has something for everyone: cities with rich nightlife, incredible scenery, wonderful lochs and medieval (中世纪的) castles. If you want to get away from it all, then the Highlands are one of the least populated areas in the whole of Europe. Hikers will love the Cairngorms – the largest national park in the UK.
Spain
Spain’s famous for its beach holidays, but it offers so much more than that. With a lovely climate, rich history, excellent architecture, delicious cuisine and friendly locals, Spain has long been a favoured destination for holiday.
1. What is the purpose of this text?A.To explain why the attractions in Europe are world-famous. |
B.To show the rich history and culture of the European countries. |
C.To tell about the differences between the European countries. |
D.To introduce some great European holiday destinations. |
A.Beautiful scenery. | B.Midnight sunshine. |
C.Medieval castles. | D.Great nightlife. |
A.Sweden. | B.Germany. | C.Scotland. | D.Spain. |
3 . Human beings’ curiosity about outer space hasn’t declined in the past decade, and with Jeff Bezos’ historic commercial flight to the edge of space this past summer, dreamers are that much closer to experiencing the Galaxy for themselves.
It’s reported that one company is aiming to make space a reality for people, and is pioneering a new age of space tourism. In 2019, the California-based company Gateway Foundation first explored the idea. Its dream was to make visiting space, in excellent accommodation, a future vacation choice. The project, now called Voyager Station, is run by Orbital Assembly Corporation, a construction company led by head of the Gateway Foundation and former pilot, John Blincow.
Space tourism draws closer as Orbital Assembly Corporation has announced plans to build the world’s first space hotel named “Voyager Station”, which is expected to open in 2027. With a date in close sight, the hotel’s architects and engineers are hard at work, aiming to design an out-of-this-world experience. They plan to decorate the suites with elegant bars and restaurants with a touch of space, as well as Earth-viewing lounges and unique space food treats. The team is also taking advantage of the reduced gravity that will be felt in the station to plan to let their guests weightlessly carry heavy objects, jump higher or run faster in ways people can’t normally do on Earth.
Gravity will remain in the rooms and bars though because Voyager Station’s scientific design makes it possible by creating artificial gravity within the hotel. The hotel is designed as a wheel that will steadily move and create simulated gravitational force, much like when a glass of water is spun around, the water doesn’t pour out. The hotel’s guests won’t feel much different than being on a huge ship steadily moving.
1. What do we know about the Gateway Foundation?A.It aimed to build a space hotel. |
B.It made space a reality for people. |
C.It promoted space tourism greatly. |
D.It planned a historic commercial flight. |
A.Provide unique space food. |
B.Let guests do space sports. |
C.Offer recreational activities. |
D.Decorate suites more easily. |
A.To prevent liquid from pouring. |
B.To make guests feel comfortable. |
C.To avoid guests’ travel sickness. |
D.To keep things in normal positions. |
A.Time for Space Travel. |
B.Space tourism gaining popularity. |
C.First-ever commercial flight to space. |
D.First space hotel set to open in 2027. |
4 . The urge to travel comes from a deep desire to see as much of the world as possible. You dream of visiting new countries, meeting new people and experiencing another culture.
Traveling around the world by plane does have a bad effect on the earth, but there are things you can do to reduce the harm you cause, known as eco-travel. Here are sustainable travel trends to keep in mind if you want to maintain eco-friendly travel.
Whenever you can, try to take trips that involve trains, buses or boats rather than airplanes. Out of the ways to get around, a flight causes the most pollution.
While traveling is not suitable right now, it is great to think about how you can soften your carbon footprint on a daily basis.
A.In this way, you can tour more places. |
B.Actually, not everyone can afford a flight. |
C.Airplanes generate a large amount of CO2. |
D.So, look for travel destinations closer to home. |
E.And once you have chances to travel, try to avoid flying. |
F.Of course, it means you get around more slowly and see fewer locations. |
G.However, it’s important to know how to be eco-friendly when traveling. |
5 . Dunhuang is the top tourist city in China. Its key points of interest and natural sights are shockingly beautiful and able to tug at one’s heart. The Pearl of the Silk Road, Dunhuang, opens her arms to welcome tourists from all over the world.
Mogao Caves
Located 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang, Mogao Caves is regarded as the best Buddhist spot in China, perhaps in the whole world. The artistic features of the treasured Buddhist murals (壁画) represent perfectly the artistic style of the Northern Wei (386-543) Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties.
Yumenguan Pass
Situated 90 kilometers northwest of the city, the Yumen Pass was an important gateway to the western region in ancient times. Yumen Pass, Hecang Town and Han Great Wall (Han Dynasty) are the major sights in this area. Since the Yumen Pass is a distance from Dunhuang, one can have a feel of the desolation (荒凉) of western China.
Crescent (新月) Lake
Five kilometers southwest of the city, the Crescent Lake lies in the arms of Echoing-Sand Mountain, appearing clear and beautiful. The lake is crescent-shaped, hence the name. It’s surrounded by quicksand. Although it’s quite windy sometimes, the lake has never been covered by the sand. It’s really a marvelous scene in the desert.
Echoing-Sand Mountain
Five kilometers south of the city, Echoing-Sand Mountain is the accumulation of years of sand in the size of rice. Each time the wind blows, there is a sound from the mountain and when there is a breeze, the sound is like musical instruments, hence the name. The most marvelous experience is when after climbing to the top, although quite tough, one can slide down to the foot of the mountain, a wonderfully amusing experience!
1. Which attraction is suitable for tourists interested in Buddhism culture?A.Mogao Caves. | B.Yumenguan Pass. |
C.Crescent Lake. | D.Echoing-Sand Mountain. |
A.Shape. | B.Location. | C.Sound. | D.Size |
A.In a history book. | B.In a news report. |
C.In a travel brochure. | D.In a science magazine. |
1. What impressed the woman?
A.The animals. | B.The clock. | C.The tower. |
A.The traveling time. | B.The lack of warm clothes. | C.The cost of the event. |
1.旅行信息(如景点等);
2.当地特色(如食品等);
3.注意事项。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Sir,
I’m Li Hua. I wonder if you could give me some information about
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Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
8 . Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.
AVOID BIG EVENTS
Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost £169.15 at Booking.com. A week later, the same room cost £118.15.
If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid — or you’re looking for a big event to pass your time — check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.
STAYAWAY FROM THE STATION
If traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.
Don’t be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodge’s Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was £95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was £75.75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just £62.95.
LOOK AFTER YOURSELF
Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the historic O’Neill Flat on Edinburgh’s Royal Mile, available for £420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults.
GET ON A BIKE
London’s ‘Boris bikes’ have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs.
Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around £1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or £5 per day).
1. “Farringdon” in Paragraph 5 is most probably __________.A.a hotel away from the train station | B.the tube line to Covent Garden |
C.an ideal holiday destination | D.the name of a travel agency |
A.lies on the ground floor |
B.is located in central London |
C.provides cooking facilities for tourists |
D.costs over £100 on average per day in late September |
A.to tell visitors how to book in advance |
B.to supply visitors with hotel information |
C.to show visitors the importance of self-help |
D.to offer visitors some money-saving tips |
名称 | 清远,北江河上的一个美丽城市 |
位置 | 位于(be located in)广东省西北部 |
面积 | 覆盖(cover)19,000平方千米 |
人口 | 约380万(has a population of) |
历史 | 两千多年(with a long history of ...years) |
气候 | 气候宜人,阳光和雨水充足,平均气温(average temperature)21.1°C |
特征 | 有很多名胜景观( tourist attractions) ,如清新温泉(Qingxin Hot Spring)、漂流(White Water Rafting)等,每年都吸引大量来自国内外的游客。特产(special food)多,其中包括清远鸡和乌鬃鹅(Qingyuan Chicken and Wuzong Goose) |
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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1. What interests the visitors most?
A.The coins. | B.The sculptures. | C.The paintings. |
A.In the 19th century. | B.In the 20th century. | C.In the 2lst century. |
A.The founder. | B.The farmers. | C.The artists. |
A.It has been perfect in itself. |
B.It doesn’t belong to the museum. |
C.It should be improved and enriched. |