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1 . “Human activity has wiped out two-thirds of the world’s wildlife since 1970,” CNN reported on September 10, 2020. Later that month, the Guardian reported that “40 percent of the world’s plant species are at risk of extinction”. Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich and his colleagues argued that “the ongoing sixth mass extinction may be the most serious environmental threat to the persistence of civilization”. Around the same time, the Daily Mail warned that “human civilization stands a 90 percent chance of collapse within decades due to deforestation”.

These horrible calculations and projections come from authoritative-sounding reports issued by international agencies, conservation groups, and peer-reviewed scientific journals. But is the future of wild nature and human civilization really so poor?

Data from uncontroversial mainstream sources strongly indicate that both humanity and the natural world are likely to be flourishing rather than collapsing at the end of this century. Humanity is becoming an urban species, and that’s good for the environment, since urban dwellers generally use less electricity, produce less globe-warming carbon dioxide, and have smaller land footprints than people living in the countryside. By 2100, it is estimated that 85 percent of people will be city dwellers, which would leave only 1.2 billion still living in the countryside. That means more space for the wildlife and less pollution from the agriculture.

The global tree-covering area increased by 865,000 square miles between 1982 and 2016. The researchers found that gains in forest area in the mild, subtropical and northern climatic zones are offsetting declines in the tropics. The Maryland researchers owe much of that increase to “natural afforestation on abandoned agricultural land”. “Furthermore, forests in mountainous regions are expanding as climate warming enables trees to grow at higher altitudes,” they added.

Humanity does face big environmental challenges in the coming century. But the scientific and economic evidence shows that most of the trends are positive or can be turned in positive direction by human wisdom. Rather than an age of extinction, the 21st century promises to be an era of environmental renewal.

1. Why does the author mention the reports in Paragraph 1?
A.To give examples.B.To introduce the topic.
C.To make a contrast.D.To support his opinion.
2. What will happen according to Paragraph 3?
A.No one will choose to live in the countryside.
B.More space will be available for the wildlife.
C.Neither humanity nor the natural world will develop quickly.
D.Urban residents will do more walking than those in the countryside.
3. Which of the following statements will the researchers agree with about forest area?
A.The expanding and disappearance in forest area aren’t evenly matched.
B.The forest area in the mild, tropic and northern zones is increasing.
C.There are more forests in mountainous regions due to the climate warming.
D.The plan of “natural afforestation on abandoned agricultural land” is unfavorable.
4. What might be the best title of the passage?
A.The Bright Future of Humanity
B.The Challenges in the Coming Century
C.Better Environment, Better Future of Human
D.21st Century: An Era of Environmental Renewal

2 . Since I became a teenager, I have thought a lot about my own future job and set goal for it. It’s very necessary and important for me now to decide what I want to become.In the past, I used to want to be an engineer because I’m good at drawing and building stuff, but my thought has changed through time. I end up all of my choices as a manager who manages the whole system in the service hotel.I have planned that I will study hard in high school, then finish IGCSE and IB with a high score. After that, I will move to a good school in USA to learn about business and the economy in my country.

During my life in university, I properly will apply to work for some small stores and hotels to have the feeling of how things work in the real life. Firstly, the reason I like to be a hotel manager is I find it interesting to use techniques to persuade more people to stay at the hotel. Secondly, I see that the development in business is the fastest growing in sectors of industry besides the primary and the secondary, so I can make a lot of money. Thirdly, it’s the range of community; it has a very high range to meet different people with different nationalities.

Fourthly, I want to have more confidence and become a good leader with skill, for example, I still can’t control and persuade people to listen to me sometimes when I’m in charge of PE’s lesson. The last reason why I strongly chose to be a hotel manager is because of my pressure from my family. They are the second generation of successful 3 stars hotels’ managers. They like me to become what I’m going to do when I become a manager.

1. Why did the author want to be an engineer at first?
A.Because he wanted to follow his parents’ expectation.
B.Because he was good at silence subjects at school.
C.Because he thought being an engineer was respected.
D.Because he did very well in drawing and building staff.
2. The advantages in a hotel business are many except              .
A.earning a lot of money
B.coming across different people
C.learning the special culture in the USA
D.using techniques to persuade more people to stay
3. What can we know about the author’s family from the third paragraph?
A.His family experienced a lot of success.
B.The family never consider the author’s interest.
C.The family can support him to be a hotel manager.
D.His family have operated the hotels for many generations.
4. What does the text mainly talk about?
A.My future job.B.My college life
C.My family business.D.My experience in a hotel.

3 . In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life? What is our plan B for Earth?

One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Besides, more governments are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet.

There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert, consisting of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. Although the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.       

For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own. Right now, it's the only one we have!

1. What was the biggest threat to humans in the 1960s and 1970s?
A.Human race themselves.B.All advanced life forms.
C.Nuclear missiles.D.Environmental problems.
2. Why is Mars so attractive to scientists?
A.It's closest to the earth.
B.It has relatively appropriate living conditions.
C.It has drawn the public's attention in recent years.
D.It has a more hostile environment.
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Humans have visited Mars.
B.The Biosphere 2 experiment proved to be valueless.
C.Humans will have to go and live on another planet.
D.Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.
4. From which magazine would the passage probably be taken?
A.The Traveler.B.Environmental Concerns.
C.All About Space.D.Biology for Fun,
2021-03-07更新 | 264次组卷 | 3卷引用:安徽省淮南市第一中学2020-2021学年高二下学期第一次段考英语试题
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